List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients#Computing
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
This is a partial list of recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, listed chronologically within the aspect of life in which each recipient is or was renowned.
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is awarded by the president of the United States to “any person recommended to the President for award of the Medal or any person selected by the President upon his own initiative."{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 11515—Terminating Certain Bodies Established by the President {{!}} The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-11515-terminating-certain-bodies-established-the-president |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu}} Before 1970, honorees were either selected by the president or recommended to them by the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board.[http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/jfkeo/eo/11085.htm Executive Order 11085 The Presidential Medal of Freedom], retrieved July 30, 2009 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530235618/http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/jfkeo/eo/11085.htm |date=May 30, 2009 }}
History
Typically the medal is bestowed upon the recipient by the sitting president who has chosen them. However, the first recipients selected by President John F. Kennedy before his assassination were formally awarded by his successor in office, Lyndon B. Johnson.{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/239293 |title=Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963 |access-date=December 2, 2020 |last1=Woolley |first1=John T |last2=Peters |first2=Gerhard |work=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara |language=en |archive-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103020/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-with-under-secretary-state-george-w-ball-the-presentation-the-medal-freedom-awards |url-status=live }}
President Barack Obama awarded 118 medals, the most of any president, followed by President Bill Clinton with 89 medal recipients.{{cite report |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47639 |title=Presidential Medal of Freedom |author=Leubsdorf |first=Ben |date=2024-05-03 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |issue=R47639 |page=5 |docket= |quote= |author-link= |access-date=2024-06-09}} Two people, Ellsworth Bunker and Colin Powell, are two-time recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Colin Powell received his second award with Distinction,{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=47138 |title=Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia |date=September 30, 1993 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |last=Clinton |first=W. J. |author-link=Bill Clinton |publisher=The American Presidency Project |location=University of California, Santa Barbara |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919002830/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=47138 |url-status=dead }} while Ellsworth Bunker was given both of his awards with Distinction.
Eight Presidents have themselves received the medal either posthumously, post-presidency, or prior to being elected:
- John F. Kennedy (1963, posthumously)
- Lyndon B. Johnson (1980, posthumously)
- Ronald Reagan (1993, with Distinction)
- Gerald Ford (1999)
- Jimmy Carter (1999)
- George H. W. Bush (2011)
- Bill Clinton (2013)
- Joe Biden (2017, as Vice President; with Distinction)
In 2015, President Barack Obama stated that there was no precedent to revoke a Presidential Medal of Freedom, regarding the award given to stand-up comedian and actor Bill Cosby.{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bu7sq5qZQVU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/bu7sq5qZQVU |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Obama asked if Bill Cosby's Medal of Freedom will be revoked|website=PBS NewsHour|date=July 15, 2015 }}{{cbignore}} After being awarded the medal, Cosby was convicted of multiple counts of sexual assault, though the convictions were later overturned.{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/bill-cosby-s-sex-assault-conviction-overturned-by-court-1.5491693|title=Bill Cosby's sex assault conviction overturned by court|date=June 30, 2021|access-date=June 30, 2021|website=CTV News|agency=The Associated Press|archive-date=June 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630165323/https://www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/bill-cosby-s-sex-assault-conviction-overturned-by-court-1.5491693|url-status=live}}
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is related to, but distinct from, the Medal of Freedom, an earlier award issued between 1945 and 1963 to honor US civilian contributions to World War II.
In 2022 at the age of 25, athlete and activist Simone Biles became the youngest person to receive the award.{{cite web |last1=Kindelan |first1=Katie |title=Simone Biles awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/culture/story/simone-biles-awarded-presidential-medal-freedom-86370058 |website=Good Morning America |access-date=10 July 2022 |language=en |archive-date=July 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708195737/https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/culture/story/simone-biles-awarded-presidential-medal-freedom-86370058 |url-status=live }}
= Declinations of the award =
Bill Belichick, coach of the New England Patriots, was offered the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump, and initially accepted it, but changed his mind and turned down the medal after the January 6 United States Capitol attack.{{cite news|last1=Ruiz-Grossman|first1=Sarah|date=11 January 2021|title=New England Patriots Coach Bill Belichick Refuses Medal Of Freedom|language=en|work=HuffPost|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/patriots-bill-belichick-medal-freedom-trump_n_5ffcf165c5b66f3f796085a1?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000063|access-date=January 11, 2021|archive-date=August 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826051758/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/patriots-bill-belichick-medal-freedom-trump_n_5ffcf165c5b66f3f796085a1?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000063|url-status=live}}
Country musician Dolly Parton turned down the medal twice from Donald Trump. Parton said she turned it down the first time because her husband was ill, and the second time because of the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite news|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=2 February 2021|title=Dolly Parton turned down presidential medal of freedom twice from Trump|language=en|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/feb/02/dolly-parton-turned-down-presidential-medal-of-freedom-twice-trump|access-date=February 2, 2021|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202194019/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/feb/02/dolly-parton-turned-down-presidential-medal-of-freedom-twice-trump|url-status=live}}
= Awarded with Distinction =
List
- † – Awarded posthumously
- WD – Awarded "with Distinction"
= Awarded by John F. Kennedy =
John F. Kennedy selected 31 recipients to be awarded in 1963. After his assassination they were officially awarded by Lyndon B. Johnson.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Recipient ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Notes ! scope="col" |Notable as ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Marian|Anderson}}
| rowspan="31" |1963 | |Classical Contralto & First African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ralph|Bunche}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Political Scientist, Mediator in Israel & First person of African descent to receive a Nobel Prize |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ellsworth|Bunker}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Pablo|Casals}}
| |Cellist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Genevieve|Caulfield}}
| |Founder of the Bangkok School for the Blind in Thailand | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James B.|Conant}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Chemist, 23rd President of Harvard University & 1st U.S. Ambassador to West Germany |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Franklin|Enders}}
| |Biomedical Scientist & Developer of the Measles Vaccine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Felix|Frankfurter}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Karl|Holton}}
| |Head of the Los Angeles County Probation Department & Director of the California Youth Authority |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert J. H.|Kiphuth}}
| |Head Coach for Men's Swimming at Yale University | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edwin H.|Land}}
| |Co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation & Inventor of the Polaroid Instant Camera | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Herbert H.|Lehman}}
|United States Senator from New York & 45th Governor of New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert A.|Lovett}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|J. Clifford|MacDonald}}
| |Philanthropist & President of the Arc of the United States | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John J.|McCloy}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |United States Assistant Secretary of War & U.S. High Commissioner For Occupied Germany |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Meany}}
| |1st President of AFL-CIO |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alexander|Meiklejohn}}
| |Philosopher & President of Amherst College | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ludwig|Mies van der Rohe}}
| |Architect |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jean|Monnet}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Entrepreneur & Founding Father of the European Union |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Luis|Muñoz Marín}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |1st Elected Governor of Puerto Rico |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clarence B.|Randall}}
| |Chairman of The Board of Inland Steel Company & Presidential Advisor |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Rudolf|Serkin}}
| |Pianist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward|Steichen}}
| |Photographer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George W.|Taylor|George W. Taylor (professor)}}
| |Professor of Industrial Relations at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alan Tower|Waterman}}
| |1st Director of the National Science Foundation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mark S.|Watson}}
| |Editor and Correspondent for The Baltimore Sun |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Annie Dodge|Wauneka}}
| |Member of the Navajo Nation Council |
scope="row"|{{sortname|E. B.|White}}
| |Writer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Thornton|Wilder}}
| |3x Pulitzer Prize Winning Playwright & Novelist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edmund|Wilson}}
| |Writer & Literary Critic | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Andrew|Wyeth}}
| |Realist and Regionalist Painter & Visual Artist | |
= Awarded by Lyndon B. Johnson =
Lyndon B. Johnson awarded 58 medals between 1963 and 1969, excluding 31 which were selected by John F. Kennedy.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname||John XXIII|Pope John XXIII}}
| rowspan="2" |1963 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Pope |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|John F.|Kennedy}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dean|Acheson}}
| rowspan="30" |1964 |{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Detlev|Bronk}}
| |6th President of Johns Hopkins University, 16th President of the National Academy of Sciences & 3rd President of Rockefeller University | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Aaron|Copland}}
| |Classical Composer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Willem|de Kooning}}
| |Abstract Expressionist Artist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walt|Disney}}
| |Co-founder and President of The Walt Disney Company |
scope="row"|{{sortname|J. Frank|Dobie}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lena Frances|Edwards}}
| |Physician & Medical Advisor to the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|T. S.|Eliot}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lynn|Fontanne}}
| |Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John W.|Gardner}}
| |6th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Theodore|Hesburgh}}
| |Ordained Priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross & 15th President of University of Notre Dame | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clarence|Johnson|Kelly Johnson (engineer)}}
| |Aeronautical and Systems Engineer & Contributing Designer to the Lockheed U-2 and SR-71 Blackbird | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frederick|Kappel}}
| |9th President of Western Electric & Chairman of AT&T | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Helen|Keller}}
| |Disability Rights Advocate, Human Rights Activist & Member of the American Foundation for the Blind | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John L.|Lewis}}
| |9th President of the United Mine Workers & 1st President of the Congress of Industrial Organizations | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walter|Lippmann}}
| |Founding Editor of New Republic & Political Commentator | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alfred|Lunt}}
| |Actor & Director |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ralph|McGill}}
| |Editor of the Atlanta Constitution & Anti-Segregationist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Samuel Eliot|Morison}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lewis|Mumford}}
| |Historian, Sociologist & Philosopher of Technology | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward R.|Murrow}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Reinhold|Niebuhr}}
| |Reformed Theologian, Ethicist & Professor at Union Theological Seminary | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Leontyne|Price}}
| |Soprano & First African-American Soprano to Achieve International Acclaim | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|A. Philip|Randolph}}
| |Founder and President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Carl|Sandburg}}
| |3x Pulitzer Prize Winning Poet | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Steinbeck}}
| |Nobel Prize Winning Writer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Helen B.|Taussig}}
| |Cardiologist, Founder of Pediatric Cardiology & Co-developer of the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt Surgical Procedure | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Carl|Vinson}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives & Father of the Two-Ocean Navy |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Thomas|Watson Jr.}}
| |President of the International Business Machines Corporation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Paul Dudley|White}}
| |Presidential Physician to Dwight D. Eisenhower & Co-founder of the American Heart Association | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ellsworth|Bunker}}
| rowspan="3" |1967 |{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |U.S. Ambassador to the Organization of American States and South Vietnam |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Komer}}
| |3rd Deputy National Security Advisor & U.S. Ambassador to Turkey | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eugene M.|Locke}}
| |U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan & South Vietnam | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|McNamara}}
| rowspan="2" |1968 | |8th United States Secretary of Defense | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James E.|Webb}}
| |2nd Administrator of NASA |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eugene R.|Black Sr.}}
| rowspan="20" |1969 | |3rd President of the World Bank Group | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|McGeorge|Bundy}}
| |5th United States National Security Advisor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clark|Clifford}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |9th United States Secretary of Defense & Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael|DeBakey}}
| |Chairman of the Department of Surgery, President, and Chancellor of Baylor College of Medicine at the Texas Medical Center | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David|Dubinsky}}
| |President of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ralph|Ellison}}
| |Writer & Literary Critic | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Henry|Ford II}}
| |President, CEO and Chairman of the Board of the Ford Motor Company | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bob|Hope}}
| |Comedian & Vaudevillian |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edgar|Kaiser|Edgar Kaiser Sr.}}
| |Member of the Committee on Urban Housing & General Manager of the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mary|Lasker}}
| |Philanthropist & Founder of the Lasker Foundation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Macy}}
| |President of the United States Civil Service Commission | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gregory|Peck}}
| |Actor & Humanitarian | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Laurance|Rockefeller}}
| |Conservationist & Philanthropist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dean|Rusk}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |54th United States Secretary of State |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walt Whitman|Rostow}}
| |6th United States National Security Advisor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Merriman|Smith}}
| |White House Correspondent for United Press International & Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Cyrus|Vance}}
| |7th United States Secretary of the Army & 11th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William S.|White}}
| |Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist for the United Feature Syndicate | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roy|Wilkins}}
| |Executive Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Whitney|Young}}
| |Civil Rights Leader & Member of the National Urban League | |
= Awarded by Richard Nixon =
Richard Nixon awarded 28 medals between 1969 and 1974.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Buzz|Aldrin}}
| rowspan="5" |1969 |{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Neil|Armstrong}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Astronaut, Aeronautical Engineer & Apollo 11 Crew Member |{{cite web|date=August 13, 1969|title=Richard Nixon: Remarks at a Dinner in Los Angeles Honoring the Apollo 11 Astronauts|url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-dinner-los-angeles-honoring-the-apollo-11-astronauts|access-date=November 20, 2018|publisher=The American Presidency Project|archive-date=May 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514120049/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-dinner-los-angeles-honoring-the-apollo-11-astronauts|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael|Collins|Michael Collins (astronaut)}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Astronaut, Pilot & Apollo 11 Crew Member |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Duke|Ellington}}
| |Jazz Pianist & Composer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|W. Averell|Harriman}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |48th Governor of New York & 11th United States Secretary of Commerce |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Earl Charles|Behrens}}
| rowspan="13" |1970 | |Political Editor for the San Francisco Chronicle |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward T.|Folliard}}
| |Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist for The Washington Post | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Fred|Haise}}
| |Astronaut, Pilot & Apollo 13 Crew Member |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William|Henry|Bill Henry (journalist)}}
| |Journalist & Daily Columnist for the Los Angeles Times |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arthur|Krock}}
| |3x Pulitzer Prize Winning Journalist for The New York Times |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David|Lawrence|David Lawrence (publisher)}}
| |Founder of U.S. News & World Report |
scope="row"|{{sortname|G. Gould|Lincoln}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jim|Lovell}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname| |Mission Operations Team|Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center|Mission Operations Team}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Raymond|Moley}}
| |Political Economist, Presidential Advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt & Columnist for Newsweek & National Review |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eugene|Ormandy}}
| |Violinist, Conductor & Music Director of the Philadelphia Orchestra | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Adela Rogers|St. Johns}}
| |Journalist for Photoplay Magazine |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jack|Swigert}}
| |Astronaut, Pilot & Apollo 13 Crew Member |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Manlio|Brosio}}
| rowspan="3" |1971 | |4th Secretary General of NATO | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Samuel|Goldwyn}}
| |Film Producer & Founder of Goldwyn Pictures & Samuel Goldwyn Productions | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William J.|Hopkins|dab=civil servant}}
| |Executive Clerk of the White House | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Paul|Vann}}
| rowspan="3" |1972 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Lieutenant Colonel of the United States Army & Member of the United States Agency for International Development | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lila Acheson|Wallace}}
| |Philanthropist & Co-founder of Reader's Digest | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|DeWitt|Wallace}}
| |Co-founder of Reader's Digest | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Ford}}
| rowspan="2" |1973 | |Film Director, Naval Officer & Head of the Photography Unit of the Office of Strategic Services | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William P.|Rogers}}
| |63rd United States Attorney General & 55th United States Secretary of State | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Paul G.|Hoffman}}
| rowspan="3" |1974 | |1st Administrator of the Economic Cooperation Administration & 1st Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Melvin|Laird}}
| |10th United States Secretary of Defense & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Charles|Lowman}}
| |Orthopedic Surgeon & Founder of California's First Orthopedic Hospital |
= Awarded by Gerald Ford =
Gerald Ford awarded 28 medals between 1974 and 1977.
= Awarded by Jimmy Carter =
Jimmy Carter awarded 34 medals between 1977 and 1981.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Martin Luther|King Jr.}}
| rowspan="2" |1977 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Baptist Minister, Prominent Leader in the Civil Rights Movement & 1st President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference | |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jonas|Salk}}
| |Virologist & Developer of the Polio Vaccine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arthur|Goldberg}}
|1978 | |9th United States Secretary of Labor, 6th U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations & Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret|Mead}}
|1979 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Cultural Anthropologist & President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ansel|Adams}}
| rowspan="15" |1980 | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Horace M.|Albright}}
| |2nd Director of the National Park Service & Conservationist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Rachel|Carson}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Marine Biologist, Conservationist & Leader in the Global Environmental Movement |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lucia|Chase}}
| |Ballet Director, Dancer & Co-founder of the American Ballet Theatre |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Hubert|Humphrey}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |38th Vice President of the United States & United States Senator from Minnesota |
scope="row"|{{sortname||Iakovos|Archbishop Iakovos of America}}
| |Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America & Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lyndon B.|Johnson}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clarence|Mitchell Jr.}}
| |Civil Rights Activist & Chief Lobbyist and National Director for NAACP |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roger Tory|Peterson}}
| |Naturalist, Ornithologist & One of the Founding Inspiration of the Environmental Movement |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Hyman G.|Rickover}}
| |Admiral in the U.S. Navy & Director of the U.S. Naval Reactors Office |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Beverly|Sills}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert Penn|Warren}}
| |Poet, Literary Critic, Co-founder of New Criticism & Charter Member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Wayne}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Actor |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eudora|Welty}}
| |Pulitzer Prize Winning Novelist & Short Story Writer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tennessee|Williams}}
| |Playwright & Screenwriter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roger Nash|Baldwin}}
| rowspan="15" |1981 | |Co-founder and 1st Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Harold|Brown|Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)}}
| |14th United States Secretary of Defense | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Zbigniew|Brzezinski}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Warren|Christopher}}
| |5th United States Deputy Secretary of State & 9th United States Deputy Attorney General | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walter|Cronkite}}
| |Broadcast Journalist & Anchorman for CBS Evening News |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Kirk|Douglas}}
| |Actor & Philanthropist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret|McNamara}}
| |Founder of Reading Is Fundamental |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Karl|Menninger}}
| |Psychiatrist & Co-founder of the Menninger Foundation and Menninger Clinic | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edmund|Muskie}}
| |58th United States Secretary of State & United States Senator from Maine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Esther|Peterson}}
| |2nd Director of the Office of Consumer Affairs & 4th Director of the United States Women's Bureau |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gerard C.|Smith}}
| |Chief U.S. Delegate to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks & 1st U.S. Chairman of the Trilateral Commission |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert S.|Strauss}}
| |6th United States Trade Representative & United States Special Envoy for the Middle East |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elbert|Tuttle}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Earl|Warren}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Andrew|Young}}
| |Executive Director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
= Awarded by Ronald Reagan =
Ronald Reagan awarded 86 medals between 1981 and 1989.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eubie|Blake}}
| rowspan="6" |1981 | |Jazz Pianist & Composer |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ella|Grasso}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |83rd Governor of Connecticut & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bryce|Harlow}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walter|Judd|Walter Judd (politician)}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Morris I.|Leibman}}
| |Civilian Aide-At-Large to the United States Army & Partner at Sidley Austin | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tex|Thornton}}
| |Founder of Litton Industries | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Philip|Habib}}
| rowspan="2" |1982 | |9th Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs & 9th U.S. Ambassador to Korea | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Kate|Smith}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Balanchine}}
| rowspan="12" |1983 | |Ballet Choreographer & Co-founder of the New York City Ballet |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clare|Boothe Luce}}
| |U.S. Ambassador to Italy & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bear|Bryant}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |College Football Player & Head Coach of the University of Alabama Football Team | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Burnham}}
| |Political Theorist, Philosopher, Chair of the Philosophy Department at New York University & Leader of the American Conservative Movement |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James E.|Cheek}}
| |President of Howard University | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Buckminster|Fuller}}
| |Architect, Systems Theorist, Inventor, Philosopher & Futurist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Billy|Graham}}
| |Evangelist, Ordained Southern Baptist Minister & President of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eric|Hoffer}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jacob|Javits}}
| |United States Senator from New York & 58th Attorney General of New York |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dumas|Malone}}
| |Pulitzer Prize Winning Historian & Biographer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mabel|Mercer}}
| |Cabaret Singer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Simon|Ramo}}
| |Engineer considered to be the Father of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Howard|Baker}}
| rowspan="18" |1984 | |United States Senator from Tennessee |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Cagney}}
| |Actor, Dancer & 6th President of the Screen Actors Guild |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Whittaker|Chambers}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Journalist for Time Magazine, Senior Editor at National Review & Key Witness against the Ware Group during the Hiss Case for Perjury |{{cite news|date=February 22, 1984|title=White House Freedom Medal Set for Whittaker Chambers|work=The New York Times|url=http://www3.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-medal.html|url-status=dead|access-date=January 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410083629/http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-medal.html|archive-date=April 10, 2009|df=mdy-all}}{{cite news|last=Sterling|first=Dorothy|date=March 9, 1984|title=Whittaker Chambers: Odd Choice for the Medal of Freedom|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-letter.html|access-date=January 16, 2011|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050625/http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-letter.html|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Leo|Cherne}}
| |Head of the International Rescue Committee & Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Terence|Cooke}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church & Archbishop of New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Denton|Cooley}}
| |Heart and Cardiothoracic Surgeon & Founder and Surgeon-In-Chief of The Texas Heart Institute who performed the first Artificial Heart Implantation |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tennessee Ernie|Ford}}
| |Country and Western Singer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Héctor|García|Héctor P. García}}
| |Physician, World War II Veteran, Civil Rights Advocate & Founder of the American GI Forum |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Andrew|Goodpaster}}
| |United States Army General, Supreme Allied Commander Europe & Commander in Chief of the United States European Command |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Henry M.|Jackson}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |United States Senator from Washington & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lincoln|Kirstein}}
| |Writer, Impresario, Philanthropist & Co-founder of the New York City Ballet |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Louis|L'Amour}}
| |Novelist & Short Story Writer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joseph|Luns}}
| |5th Secretary General of NATO & Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Norman Vincent|Peale}}
| |Protestant Clergyman, Pastor of Marble Collegiate Church, New York & Author who popularized the concept of Positive Thinking |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jackie|Robinson}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Baseball Player & Civil Rights Advocate |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Carlos P.|Romulo}}
| |President of the United Nations General Assembly & Co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Anwar|el-Sadat|Anwar Sadat}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |3rd President of Egypt |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eunice Kennedy|Shriver}}
| |Philanthropist & Founder of the Special Olympics |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Count|Basie}}
| rowspan="15" |1985 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Jazz Pianist, Composer & Bandleader of the Count Basie Orchestra | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Albert Coady|Wedemeyer}}
| |United States Army Commander, General & Member of the War Planning Board which formulated plans for the Invasion of Normandy during World War II | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jacques|Cousteau}}
| |French Naval Officer, Oceanographer & Co-Inventor of the Aqua-Lung | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jerome H.|Holland}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |President of Delaware State College, 9th President of Hampton University & U.S. Ambassador to Sweden | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sidney|Hook}}
| |Philosopher of the Pragmatist School |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jeane|Kirkpatrick}}
| |16th U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Low}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |14th President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & 4th Deputy Administrator of NASA | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Paul|Nitze}}
| |12th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense & 58th United States Secretary of the Navy | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frank|Reynolds}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Television Journalist for CBS and ABC News | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frank|Sinatra}}
| |Singer & Actor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Stewart}}
| |Actor & Brigadier General | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mother|Teresa}}
| |Catholic Nun, Humanitarian & Founder of the Missionaries of Charity | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Albert|Wohlstetter}}
| |Political Scientist influential to the U.S. Nuclear Strategy during the Cold War | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roberta|Wohlstetter}}
| |Historian of American Military Intelligence | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Chuck|Yeager}}
| |United States Air Force Officer, Flying Ace & Record-Setting Test Pilot who was the First Confirmed Pilot in History to Exceed the Speed of Sound during Flight | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walter|Annenberg}}
| rowspan="8" |1986 | |Businessman, Philanthropist, Owner of Triangle Publications & U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Earl|Blaik}}
| |American Football Player & Head Coach at Dartmouth College and the United States Military Academy | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Barry|Goldwater}}
| |United States Senator from Arizona & United States Air Force Officer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Helen|Hayes}}
| |Actress | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Vladimir|Horowitz}}
| |Classical Pianist & Composer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Matthew|Ridgway}}
| |United States Army Senior Officer, Supreme Allied Commander of Europe & 19th Chief of Staff of the United States Army | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Vermont C.|Royster}}
| |Editor of The Wall Street Journal | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Albert|Sabin}}
| |Medical Researcher, President of the Weizmann Institute of Science & Developer of the Oral Polio Vaccine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Anne|Armstrong}}
| rowspan="12" |1987 | |First Female Counselor to the President, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom & Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Justin Whitlock|Dart Sr.}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |President of Dart Industries & Executive Director of Store Industries for Walgreens | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Irving|Kaufman}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit & District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Danny|Kaye}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Actor, Comedian & Singer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lyman|Lemnitzer}}
| |United States Army General, 4th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John A.|McCone}}
| |6th Director of Central Intelligence | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frederick|Patterson|Frederick D. Patterson}}
| |President of Tuskegee University & Founder of the United Negro College Fund | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Nathan|Perlmutter|Nathan Perlmutter}}
| |4th Director of the Anti-Defamation League | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mstislav|Rostropovich}}
| |Cellist, Conductor & Human Rights Advocate | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William B.|Walsh}}
| |Founder of Project HOPE (USA) | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Caspar|Weinberger}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |15th United States Secretary of Defense & 10th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Meredith|Willson}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Flutist, Bandleader, Composer, Conductor & Playwright | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Pearl|Bailey}}
| rowspan="11" |1988 | |Broadway Actress & Singer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Malcolm|Baldrige Jr.}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |25th United States Secretary of Commerce | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Irving|Brown}}
| |Trade Unionist & Leader of the American Federation of Labor and the AFL-CIO | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Warren E.|Burger}}
| |15th Chief Justice of the United States | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Peter|Carington|Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington}}
| |6th Secretary General of NATO & Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward|DeBartolo|Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.}}
| |Businessman & Real-Estate Developer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Milton|Friedman}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jean|MacArthur}}
| |Philanthropist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|J. Willard|Marriott}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Entrepreneur & Founder of the Marriott Corporation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David|Packard}}
| |Co-founder, President, CEO and Chairman of the Board of Hewlett-Packard, 13th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense & President of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roger L.|Stevens}}
| |Founding Chairman of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mike|Mansfield}}
| rowspan="2" |1989 | |United States Senator from Montana | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Shultz}}
| |60th United States Secretary of State | |
= Awarded by George H. W. Bush =
George H. W. Bush awarded 38 medals between 1989 and 1993.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lucille|Ball}}
| rowspan="7" |1989 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Actress, Comedian & Producer | |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|C. Douglas|Dillon}}
| |57th United States Secretary of the Treasury & the U.S. Ambassador to France | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jimmy|Doolittle}}
| |Military General & Commander of the Doolittle Raid | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George F.|Kennan}}
| |1st Director of Policy Planning & the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union & Yugoslavia | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Claude|Pepper}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives & United States Senator from Florida | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret Chase|Smith}}
| |United States Senator from Maine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lech|Wałęsa}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Baker}}
| rowspan="18" |1991 | |10th and 16th White House Chief of Staff | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William F.|Buckley Jr.}}
| |Founder of the National Review Magazine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dick|Cheney}}
| |17th United States Secretary of Defense, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives & future 46th Vice president of the United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Luis A.|Ferré}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Betty|Ford}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Hanna Holborn|Gray}}
| |9th President of the University of Chicago | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Friedrich|Hayek}}
| |Economist & Legal Theorist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tip|O'Neill}}
| |47th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Javier|Pérez de Cuéllar}}
| |Secretary General of the United Nations | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Colin|Powell}}
| |12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Norman|Schwarzkopf Jr.}}
| |Commander of the United States Central Command | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Brent|Scowcroft}}
| |8th and 16th United States National Security Advisor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Leon|Sullivan}}
| |Baptist Minister & Civil Rights and Social Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret|Thatcher}}
| |Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Russell E.|Train}}
| |2nd Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Vernon A.|Walters}}
| |10th Deputy Director of Central Intelligence & the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, West Germany and Germany | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William|Webster|William H. Webster}}
| |14th Director of Central Intelligence & the 3rd Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ted|Williams}}
| |Professional Baseball Player | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David|Brinkley}}
| rowspan="11" |1992 | | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Johnny|Carson}}
| |Television Host | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ella|Fitzgerald}}
| |Jazz Singer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Audrey|Hepburn}}
| |Actress & Humanitarian | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Richard|Petty}}
| |Seven Time Champion of the NASCAR Cup Series, Seven Time Winner of the Daytona 500 | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Harry W.|Shlaudeman}}
| |U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Brazil and Nicaragua | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Isaac|Stern}}
| |Violinist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John W.|Vessey|John William Vessey Jr.}}
| |10th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sam|Walton}}
| |Founder of Walmart and Sam's Club | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elie|Wiesel}}
| |Political Activist, Writer & Holocaust Survivor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|I. M.|Pei}}
| |Architect |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ronald|Reagan}}
| rowspan="2" |1993 |{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |40th President of the United States & Governor of California |{{cite web|date=January 18, 1993|title=Remarks on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan-President George Bush-Transcript|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n2_v29/ai_13975210|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116112717/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n2_v29/ai_13975210/|archive-date=November 16, 2010|access-date=December 31, 2007|publisher=The White House: Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Strom|Thurmond}}
| |United States Senator from South Carolina | |
= Awarded by Bill Clinton =
Bill Clinton awarded 89 medals between 1993 and 2001.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arthur|Ashe}}
| rowspan="9" |1993 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Tennis Player | |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|William J.|Brennan Jr.}}
| |Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Marjory Stoneman|Douglas}}
| |Journalist, Woman's Suffrage Advocate & Conservationist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|J. William|Fulbright}}
| |United States Senator from Arkansas | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Thurgood|Marshall}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States & the Supreme Court's First African-American Justice | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Colin|Powell}}
|{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joseph L.|Rauh Jr.}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Lawyer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Martha|Raye}}
| |Comic Actress & Singer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Minor|Wisdom}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Herbert L.|Block|Herblock}}
| rowspan="9" |1994 | | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Cesar|Chavez}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Labor Leader, Civil Rights Activist & Co-founder of the National Farm Workers Association | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arthur Sherwood|Flemming}}
| |3rd United States Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James P.|Grant}}
| |Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dorothy|Height}}
| |Civil Rights and Women's Rights Activist & President of the National Council of Negro Women | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Barbara|Jordan}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lane|Kirkland}}
| |Labour Union Leader & President of AFL-CIO | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert H.|Michel}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sargent|Shriver}}
| |1st Director of the Peace Corps & Founder of the Job Corps, Head Start, VISTA and Upward Bound | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Peggy|Charren}}
| rowspan="12" |1995 | |Founder of Action for Children's Television |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William T.|Coleman Jr.|William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.}}
| |4th United States Secretary of Transportation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Hope|Franklin}}
| |President of Phi Beta Kappa, the Organization of American Historians, the American Historical Association and the Southern Historical Association | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joan|Ganz Cooney}}
| |Founder of Sesame Workshop |
scope="row"|{{sortname|A. Leon|Higginbotham Jr.}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frank Minis|Johnson}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|C. Everett|Koop}}
| |13th Surgeon General of the United States | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gaylord|Nelson}}
| |United States Senator from Wisconsin | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Walter|Reuther}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |4th President of the United Automobile Workers | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Rouse}}
| |Founder of The Rouse Company | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Willie|Velasquez}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Founder of the Southwest Voter Registration Education Project | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lew|Wasserman}}
| |President of MCA Inc. |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joseph|Bernardin}}
| rowspan="11" |1996 | |Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church & Archbishop of Cincinnati & Chicago | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Brady}}
| |17th White House Press Secretary | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Millard|Fuller}}
| |Co-founder and President for Habitat For Humanity International | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David A.|Hamburg}}
| |President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John H.|Johnson}}
| |Founder of the Johnson Publishing Company | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eugene|Lang}}
| |Founder of REFAC Technology Development Corporation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jan|Nowak-Jeziorański}}
| |Polish Journalist & Writer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Antonia|Pantoja}}
| |Founder of ASPIRA & Boricua College | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Rosa|Parks}}
| |Civil Rights Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ginetta|Sagan}}
| |Human Rights Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mo|Udall}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bob|Dole}}
| rowspan="3" |1997 | |United States Senator from Kansas | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William J.|Perry}}
| |19th United States Secretary of Defense | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Shalikashvili}}
| |13th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & the Supreme Allied Commander Europe | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arnold|Aronson}}
| rowspan="17" |1998 | |Founder of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Brooke|Astor}}
| |Philanthropist & Chairwoman of the Vincent Astor Foundation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Coles|Robert Coles (psychiatrist)}}
| |Child Psychiatrist & Professor at Harvard University | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Justin|Dart Jr.}}
| |Co-founder of the American Association of People with Disabilities | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Farmer}}
| |1st National Director of the Congress of Racial Equality | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dante|Fascell}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Zachary|Fisher}}
| |Philanthropist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frances|Hesselbein}}
| |CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Fred|Korematsu}}
| |Civil Rights Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sol|Linowitz}}
| |Diplomat & Lawyer | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Wilma|Mankiller}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret|Murie}}
| |Conservationist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mario G.|Obledo}}
| |Civil Rights Leader & 41st President of LULAC | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elliot|Richardson}}
| |69th United States Attorney General | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David|Rockefeller}}
| |CEO of Chase Manhattan Corporation | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Albert|Shanker}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |President of the United Federation of Teachers and the American Federation of Teachers | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elmo|Zumwalt}}
| |19th Chief of Naval Operations | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lloyd|Bentsen}}
| rowspan="12" |1999 | |United States Senator from Texas & 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edgar|Bronfman Sr.}}
| |President of the World Jewish Congress | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jimmy|Carter}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Rosalynn|Carter}}
| |First Lady of the United States & Humanitarian |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Evelyn|Dubrow}}
| |Labour Lobbyist for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Isolina|Ferré}}
| |Roman Catholic Religious Sister & Humanitarian |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gerald|Ford}}
| |38th President of the United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Oliver|Hill|Oliver Hill (attorney)}}
| |Civil Rights Attorney | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Max|Kampelman}}
| |Counselor of the United States Department of State | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Helmut|Kohl}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George J.|Mitchell}}
| |United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland & United States Senator from Maine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edgar|Wayburn}}
| |Environmentalist & President of the Sierra Club | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James E.|Burke}}
| rowspan="16" |2000 | |CEO of Johnson & Johnson | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Chafee}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |United States Senator from Rhode Island | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Wesley|Clark}}
| |Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William J.|Crowe}}
| |11th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & the 29th U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Marian Wright|Edelman}}
| |Founder and President of the Children's Defense Fund |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Kenneth|Galbraith}}
| |7th U.S. Ambassador to India | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George G.|Higgins}}
| |Catholic Priest & Labor Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jesse|Jackson}}
| |Political Activist & United States Shadow Senator from the District of Columbia | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mildred|Jeffrey}}
| |Political and Social Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mathilde|Krim}}
| |Founding Chairman of amfAR, the American Foundation for AIDS Research | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|McGovern}}
| |United States Senator from South Dakota | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Daniel Patrick|Moynihan}}
| |United States Senator from New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Cruz|Reynoso}}
| |Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Aung San|Suu Kyi}}
| |General Secretary of the National League for Democracy | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gardner C.|Taylor}}
| |Baptist Preacher |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Simon|Wiesenthal}}
| |Holocaust Survivor & Nazi Hunter | |
= Awarded by George W. Bush =
George W. Bush awarded 82 medals between 2001 and 2009.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Hank|Aaron}}
| rowspan="12" |2002 | |Professional Baseball Player | |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|Cosby}}
| |Stand-Up Comedian & Actor |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Plácido|Domingo}}
| |Opera Singer & Conductor | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Peter|Drucker}}
| |Management Consultant & Educator | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Katharine|Graham}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |President of The Washington Post | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Donald|Henderson}}
| |Epidemiologist & Dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Irving|Kristol}}
| |Journalist & Godfather of Neoconservativism | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Nelson|Mandela}}
| |Anti-Apartheid Activist & President of South Africa | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gordon|Moore}}
| |Co-founder and Chairman of Intel Corporation |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Nancy|Reagan}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Fred|Rogers}}
| |Television Host & Presbyterian Minister |
scope="row"|{{sortname|A. M.|Rosenthal}}
| |Journalist & Executive Editor of The New York Times | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Bartley}}
| rowspan="13" |2003 | |Editor of the Editorial Page of The Wall Street Journal | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jacques|Barzun}}
| |Historian | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Julia|Child}}
| |Cooking Teacher & Television Personality | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Roberto|Clemente}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Baseball Player | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Van|Cliburn}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Václav|Havel}}
| |President of Czechoslovakia & the Czech Republic | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Charlton|Heston}}
| |Actor & Political Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Robertson|George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen}}
| |10th Secretary General of NATO & Secretary of State for Defence | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward|Teller}}
| |Theoretical Physicist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dave|Thomas|Dave Thomas (businessman)}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Founder and CEO of Wendy's | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Byron|White}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Football Player & Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States |{{cite web|title=President Honors 2003 Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/07/20030723-9.html|access-date=September 3, 2017|archive-date=February 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225210333/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/07/20030723-9.html|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James Q.|Wilson}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Wooden}}
| |Basketball Coach | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Paul|Bremer}}
| rowspan="14" |2004 | |Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Edward|Brooke}}
| |United States Senator from Massachusetts | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Doris|Day}}
| |Actress, Singer & Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tommy|Franks}}
| |Commander of the United States Central Command | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Vartan|Gregorian}}
| |12th President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gilbert Melville|Grosvenor}}
| |President and Chairman of the National Geographic Society | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gordon B.|Hinckley}}
| |15th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |
scope="row"|{{sortname||John Paul II|Pope John Paul II}}
||{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |Pope |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Estée|Lauder|Estée Lauder (businesswoman)}}
| |Co-founder of the Estée Lauder Companies | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Rita|Moreno}}
| |Actress, Dancer & Singer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arnold|Palmer}}
| | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arnall|Patz}}
| |Medical Doctor & Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Norman|Podhoretz}}
| |Magazine Editor & Writer for Commentary Magazine | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Tenet}}
| |18th Director of Central Intelligence | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Muhammad|Ali}}
| rowspan="15" |2005 | |Professional Boxer & Human Rights Activist | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Walter|Wriston}}
| |Chairman and CEO of Citicorp | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Carol|Burnett}}
| |Actress & Comedian |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Vint|Cerf}}
| |Co-Developer of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Robert|Conquest}}
| |Historian & Poet | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Aretha|Franklin}}
| |Singer-Songwriter & Pianist | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Alan|Greenspan}}
| |13th Chair of the Federal Reserve | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Andy|Griffith}}
| |Actor & Comedian |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Paul|Harvey}}
| |Radio Broadcaster for ABC News Radio |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Bob|Kahn}}
| |Co-Developer of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Sonny|Montgomery}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives & Major General of the Mississippi National Guard | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Richard|Myers}}
| |15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Jack|Nicklaus}}
| |Professional Golfer | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Frank|Robinson}}
| |Professional Baseball Player | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Paul|Rusesabagina}}
| |Rwandan politician & Manager of the Hôtel des Mille Collines in Kigali during the Rwandan Genocide protecting 1,268 Hutu and Tutsi refugees | |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Ruth Johnson|Colvin}}
| rowspan="10" |2006 | |Founder of ProLiteracy Worldwide |{{Cite web|title=President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/12/20061215-1.html|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=2020-03-20|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021092455/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/12/20061215-1.html|url-status=live}} |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Norman|Francis}}
| |President of Xavier University of Louisiana |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Paul|Johnson|Paul Johnson (writer)}}
| |Journalist |
scope="row" |{{sortname|B.B.|King}}
| |Blues Singer-Songwriter |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Joshua|Lederberg}}
| |
scope="row" |{{sortname|David|McCullough}}
| |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Norman|Mineta}}
| |14th United States Secretary of Transportation & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
scope="row" |{{sortname|Buck|O'Neil}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Baseball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William|Safire}}
| |Political Columnist for The New York Times |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Natan|Sharansky}}
| |Israeli Politician & Human Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gary|Becker}}
| rowspan="8" |2007 | |Economist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Óscar Elías|Biscet}}
| |Human Rights and Democratic Freedoms Advocate in Cuba | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Francis|Collins}}
| |2nd Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Benjamin|Hooks}}
| |Executive Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Henry|Hyde}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Brian|Lamb}}
| |Founder, Executive Chairman and CEO of C-SPAN |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Harper|Lee}}
| |Novelist & Civil Rights Activist | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ellen Johnson|Sirleaf}}
| |24th President of Liberia | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ben|Carson}}
| rowspan="6" |2008 | |Neurosurgeon & Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center |{{Cite web|title=President Bush Honors Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/06/20080619-9.html|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=2020-03-14|archive-date=March 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323224637/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/06/20080619-9.html|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Anthony|Fauci}}
| |5th Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tom|Lantos}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Peter|Pace}}
| |16th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Donna|Shalala}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Laurence|Silberman}}
| |Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tony|Blair}}
| rowspan="4" |2009 | |Prime Minister of the United Kingdom |{{cite magazine|last=Mayer|first=Catherine|date=January 13, 2009|title=A Presidential Medal for Tony Blair|magazine=Time|publisher=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1871300,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114221727/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1871300,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=February 9, 2011}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ryan|Crocker}}
| |United States Ambassador to Lebanon, Kuwait, Syria, Afghanistan, Pakistan & Iraq |{{cite web|date=January 15, 2009|title=President Bush Commemorates Foreign Policy Achievements and Presents Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Ryan Crocker|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090115.html|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=January 16, 2009|archive-date=February 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204154018/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090115.html|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Howard}}
| |25th Prime Minister of Australia | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Álvaro|Uribe}}
| |31st President of Colombia | |
= Awarded by Barack Obama =
Barack Obama awarded 118 medals between 2009 and 2017.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Nancy|Brinker}}
| rowspan="16" |2009 | |Founder of the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation |{{cite web|title=The Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/349666|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504215607/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/349666|archive-date=May 4, 2017|access-date=2017-08-20|language=en|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|df=mdy-all}} |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joe Medicine|Crow}}
| |War Chief of the Crow Nation |{{cite web|date=July 30, 2009|title=President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients; 16 Agents of Change to Receive Top Civilian Honor|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Names-Medal-of-Freedom-Recipients/|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=August 12, 2009|archive-date=December 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215034234/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Names-Medal-of-Freedom-Recipients/|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Pedro José|Greer}}
| |Physician & Founding Dean for the Roseman University Health Sciences College of Medicine |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Stephen|Hawking}}
| |Theoretical Physicist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jack|Kemp}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ted|Kennedy}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Billie Jean|King}}
| |Professional Tennis Player and gender equality advocate |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joseph|Lowery}}
| |Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Harvey|Milk}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors & Gay Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sandra Day|O'Connor}}
| |Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court & the Supreme Court's First Female Justice |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sidney|Poitier}}
| |Actor & First African-American & Bahamian to Win an Academy Award |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Chita|Rivera}}
| |Actress, Singer & Dancer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mary|Robinson}}
| |7th President of Ireland |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Janet|Rowley}}
| |Geneticist & First Scientist to Identify a Chromosomal Translocation as the Cause of Leukemia and other Cancers. |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Desmond|Tutu}}
| |Anglican Bishop, Theologian & Human Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Muhammad|Yunus}}
| |Founder of Grameen Bank | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John H.|Adams|John H. Adams (environmentalist)}}
| rowspan="16" |2011 | |Founder of the Natural Resources Defense Council |{{cite web|date=November 17, 2010|title=President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/17/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=November 18, 2010|archive-date=January 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126074451/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/17/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Maya|Angelou}}
| |Poet & Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Warren|Buffett}}
| |Philanthropist & CEO of Berkshire Hathaway |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George H. W.|Bush}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Gates}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jasper|Johns}}
| |Abstract Expressionist Painter & Printmaker |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Lewis}}
| |Civil Rights Activist & Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tom|Little|Tom Little (optometrist)}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Optometrist & Leader of an International Assistance Mission killed during the 2010 Badakhshan Massacre |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Yo-Yo|Ma}}
| |Cellist & United Nations Messenger of Peace |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sylvia|Mendez}}
| |Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Angela|Merkel}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Stan|Musial}}
| |Professional Baseball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|Russell}}
| |Professional Basketball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jean Kennedy|Smith}}
| |United States Ambassador to Ireland |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John J.|Sweeney|John Sweeney (labor leader)}}
| |President of AFL-CIO & Labor Leader |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gerda|Weissmann Klein}}
| |Author, Human Rights Activist & Holocaust Educator |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Madeleine|Albright}}
| rowspan="13" |2012 | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bob|Dylan}}
| |Singer-Songwriter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William|Foege}}
| |10th Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Glenn}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Juliette|Gordon Low}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gordon|Hirabayashi}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Sociologist, Civil Rights Activist & Plaintiff in Hirabayashi v. United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dolores|Huerta}}
| |Labor Leader & Co-founder of the National Farmworkers Association |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jan|Karski}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Resistance-Fighter during WWII & Diplomat |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Toni|Morrison}}
| |Novelist & Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Shimon|Peres}}
| |9th President of Israel |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John Paul|Stevens}}
| |Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Pat|Summitt}}
| |Women's College Basketball Head Coach |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Patricia|Wald}}
| |Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ernie|Banks}}
| rowspan="16" |2013 | |Professional Baseball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ben|Bradlee}}
| |Executive Editor of The Washington Post |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|Clinton}}
| |42nd President of the United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Doar}}
| |Lawyer & Lead Special Counsel for the U.S. House Judiciary Committee's Impeachment Inquiry Staff |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Daniel|Inouye}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |United States Senator from Hawaii |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Daniel|Kahneman}}
| |Psychologist & Economist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Richard|Lugar}}
| |United States Senator from Indiana |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Loretta|Lynn}}
| |Singer-Songwriter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mario J.|Molina}}
| |Chemist who discovered the Antarctic Ozone Hole |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sally|Ride}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Astronaut & Physicist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bayard|Rustin}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Human Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Arturo|Sandoval}}
| |Jazz Trumpeter, Pianist & Composer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Dean|Smith}}
| |Men's College Basketball Head Coach |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gloria|Steinem}}
| |Journalist & Social Political Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|C. T.|Vivian}}
| |Minister & Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Oprah|Winfrey}}
| |Talk Show Host, Actress & Philanthropist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alvin|Ailey}}
| rowspan="18" |2014 |{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Dancer & Founder of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater |{{cite web|date=November 10, 2014|title=President Obama Announces the Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=November 11, 2014|archive-date=January 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121131137/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Isabel|Allende}}
| |Author |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tom|Brokaw}}
| |Network Television Journalist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Chaney}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Dingell}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Mildred|Dresselhaus}}
| |Nanotechnologist & Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Andrew|Goodman|Andrew Goodman (activist)}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ethel|Kennedy}}
| |Human Rights Activist & Founder of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Abner|Mikva}}
| |Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Patsy|Mink}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Edward|Roybal|Edward R. Roybal}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael|Schwerner}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Civil Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Suzan|Shown Harjo}}
| |President of the National Council of American Indians |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Charlie|Sifford}}
| |Professional Golfer & the First African-American to play on the PGA Tour |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Solow}}
| |Economist & Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology |{{cite news|last=Schulman|first=Kori|date=2014-11-10|title=President Obama Announces the Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients|language=en|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=2017-06-08|archive-date=January 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121131137/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/11/10/president-obama-announces-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Meryl|Streep}}
| |Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Marlo|Thomas}}
| |Actress, Producer & Social Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Stevie|Wonder}}
| |Singer-Songwriter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Steven|Spielberg}}
| rowspan="17" |2015 | |Director, Producer & Screenwriter |{{cite web|date=November 16, 2015|title=President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=November 16, 2015|archive-date=December 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205112245/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Emilio|Estefan}}
| |Musician & Producer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gloria|Estefan}}
| |Singer & Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Itzhak|Perlman}}
| |Violinist & Conductor |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Stephen|Sondheim}}
| |Composer & Lyricist of Musical Theater |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Barbra|Streisand}}
| |Singer & Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|James|Taylor}}
| |Singer-Songwriter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Minoru|Yasui}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Lawyer & Plaintiff in Yasui v. United States |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Billy|Frank Jr.}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Environmental Leader & Treaty Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Shirley|Chisholm}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives & First African-American Woman Elected to Congress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lee H.|Hamilton}}
| |Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Barbara|Mikulski}}
| |United States Senator from Maryland |
scope="row"|{{sortname|William|Ruckelshaus}}
| |1st & 5th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Katherine|Johnson}}
| |Mathematician whose calculations helped with the First successful U.S. Crewed Spaceflight |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Yogi|Berra}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Professional Baseball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bonnie|Carroll}}
| |Founder and President of the Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Willie|Mays}}
| |Professional Baseball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frank|Gehry}}
| rowspan="21" |2016 | |Architect |{{cite web|date=November 16, 2016|title=President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=November 16, 2016|archive-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503170539/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Richard|Garwin}}
| |Physicist & Author of the First Hydrogen Bomb Design |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Maya|Lin}}
| |Designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|Redford}}
| |Actor & Filmmaker |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert|De Niro}}
| |Actor & Producer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tom|Hanks}}
| |Actor |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Cicely|Tyson}}
| |Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Diana|Ross}}
| |Singer & Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bruce|Springsteen}}
| |Singer-Songwriter |{{cite web|title=The Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=November 25, 2016|archive-date=December 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203182714/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom|url-status=live}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Grace|Hopper}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Computer Scientist & Developer of the FLOW-MATIC programming language |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Margaret|Hamilton|Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)}}
| |Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Eduardo J.|Padrón}}
| |President of Miami Dade College |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Newton N.|Minow}}
| |Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lorne|Michaels}}
| |Comedian & Film and Television Producer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ellen|DeGeneres}}
| |Comedian, Television Host & Gay Rights Activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|Gates}}
| |Philanthropist & Co-founder of Microsoft |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Melinda|French Gates}}
| |Philanthropist & Co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elouise P.|Cobell}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Tribal Elder, Activist & Lead Plaintiff in Cobell v. Salazar |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Vin|Scully}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Kareem|Abdul-Jabbar}}
| |Professional Basketball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael|Jordan}}
| |Professional Basketball Player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Joe|Biden}}
|2017 |{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} |47th Vice President of the United States |{{cite news|date=January 12, 2017|title=Biden surprised with Presidential Medal of Freedom|work=The Miami Herald|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article126184169.html|access-date=January 12, 2017|archive-date=January 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113164802/http://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article126184169.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Obama jokes about 'bromance' with Biden as he surprises then-VP with Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obama-biden-presidential-medal-of-freedom-1.3933291|access-date=January 13, 2017|archive-date=January 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113211542/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obama-biden-presidential-medal-of-freedom-1.3933291|url-status=live}} |
= Awarded by Donald Trump (first presidency) =
Donald Trump awarded 24 medals between 2017 and 2021.
= Awarded by Joe Biden =
Joe Biden awarded 57 medals between 2022 and 2025.
class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!Recipient !Year !Notes !Notable as ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Simone|Biles}}
| rowspan="16" |2022 | |
---|
scope="row"|{{sortname|Simone|Campbell}}
| | Roman Catholic religious sister & Member of the Sisters of Social Service |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Julieta|García|Juliet V. García}}
| | President of Texas Southmost College |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Gabrielle|Giffords|Gabby Giffords}}
| | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona & gun control activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Fred|Gray|Fred Gray (attorney)}}
| | Civil rights attorney & state legislator |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Steve|Jobs}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | Entrepreneur & co-founder and CEO of Apple |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alexander|Karloutsos}}
| | Protopresbyter in the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Khizr|Khan|Khizr and Ghazala Khan}}
| | Member of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom & activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Sandra|Lindsay|Sandra Lindsay (nurse)}}
| | Critical Care Nurse & First American to receive the COVID-19 Vaccine |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|McCain}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | United States Senator from Arizona & Purple Heart recipient |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Diane|Nash}}
| | Civil rights activist & Co-founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Megan|Rapinoe}}
| | Olympic professional soccer player & human rights activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Alan|Simpson|Alan Simpson (American politician)}}
| | United States Senator from Wyoming |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Richard|Trumka}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | Organized labor leader |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Wilma|Vaught}}
| |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Raul|Yzaguirre}}
| | U.S. Ambassador to the Dominican Republic & President and CEO of the National Council of La Raza |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael|Bloomberg}}
| rowspan="21" |2024 | |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Greg|Boyle}}
| | Jesuit Catholic priest & Founder and director of the rehabilitation program Homeboy Industries |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jim|Clyburn}}
| | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Elizabeth|Dole}}
| | United States Senator from North Carolina, Transportation Secretary, and Labor Secretary |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Phil|Donahue}}
| | Former daytime talk show host |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Medgar|Evers}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | Famous Civil rights activist who was murdered at age 37 in 1963 |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Al|Gore}}
| | 45th Vice President of the United States and environmentalist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Clarence B.|Jones}}
| | Civil rights activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|John|Kerry}}
| | U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, U.S. Secretary of State and United States Senator from Massachusetts. |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Frank|Lautenberg}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | United States Senator from New Jersey |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Katie|Ledecky}}
| | Olympic swimmer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Opal|Lee}}
| | Educator and activist who pushed to make Juneteenth a national holiday |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ellen|Ochoa}}
| | Astronaut |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Nancy|Pelosi}}
| | 52nd and first female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jane|Rigby|dab=astrophysicist}}
| | Astrophysicist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Teresa|Romero}}
| | President of the United Farm Workers union |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Judy|Shepard}}
| | Co-founder of the Matthew Shepard Foundation |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jim|Thorpe}}
| {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} | First Native American to win an Olympic gold medal |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michelle|Yeoh}}
| | Actress and activist who also became the first person of Asian descent to win an Academy Award for Best Actress |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jens|Stoltenberg}}
| | 13th Secretary General of NATO & 34th Prime Minister of Norway |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Cecile|Richards}}
| | Activist and President of Planned Parenthood | {{cite web | last=Weixel | first=Nathaniel | title=Biden awards the Medal of Freedom to Cecile Richards, former Planned Parenthood president | website=TheHill | date=20 Nov 2024 | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5001087-biden-medal-freedom-cecile-richards/ | access-date=11 Nov 2024}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|José|Andrés}}
|rowspan=20|2025 | |Spanish-American chef, founder of World Central Kitchen |
scope="row"|Bono
| |Frontman of U2 and activist against AIDS and poverty |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ash|Carter}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |25th Secretary of Defense |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Hillary|Clinton}}
| |Former First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Michael J.|Fox}}
| |Actor and advocate for Parkinson's disease research |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Tim|Gill}}
| |Computer programmer and LGBTQ activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Jane|Goodall}}
| |Ethologist and conservationist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Fannie Lou|Hamer}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |Civil rights activist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Magic|Johnson}}
| |Professional basketball player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Robert F.|Kennedy}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Ralph|Lauren}}
| |Fashion designer |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Lionel|Messi}}
|{{efn|Messi was unable to attend the ceremony due to prior commitments.{{cite web |last1=Deen |first1=Safid |title=Lionel Messi unable to attend Presidential Medal of Freedom ceremony. Here's why. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2025/01/04/heres-why-messi-did-not-attend-presidential-medal-of-freedom-ceremony/77457448007/ |website=USA Today |access-date=January 5, 2025 |date=January 4, 2025}}}} |Professional soccer player |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Bill|Nye}}
| |Science communicator and TV presenter |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George W.|Romney}}
|{{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} |43rd Governor of Michigan and 3rd Secretary of Housing and Urban Development |
scope="row"|{{sortname|David M.|Rubenstein}}
| |Co-founder of The Carlyle Group |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Soros}}
| |Investor and philanthropist |
scope="row"|{{sortname|George|Stevens Jr.}}
| |Founder of the American Film Institute |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Denzel|Washington}}
| {{efn|Washington was supposed to receive the award in 2022 but had to skip the ceremony after testing positive for COVID-19.{{cite web |last1=Huff |first1=Lauren |title=Denzel Washington misses Presidential Medal of Freedom ceremony after contracting COVID |url=https://ew.com/celebrity/denzel-washington-misses-presidential-medal-of-freedom-ceremony-covid/ |website=EW |access-date=January 5, 2025 |date=July 7, 2022}}}} | Actor, producer & director |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Anna|Wintour}}
| | Chief editor at Vogue |
scope="row"|{{sortname|Pope|Francis}}
||{{Abbr|WD|with Distinction}} | Head of the Catholic Church from 2013 to 2025 |{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-pope-francis-presidential-medal-of-freedom-1abf54dc5b1f30d8f0702dbd2bb93304|title=Biden honors Pope Francis with the Presidential Medal of Freedom|first=Zeke|last=Miller|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 11, 2025|accessdate=January 11, 2025}} |
Notes
{{notelist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book |title=The Presidential Medal of Freedom: Winners and Their Achievements |isbn=978-1-56802-128-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/presidentialmeda00wett_0/page/513 513] |first=Bruce |last=Wetterau |year=1996 |publisher=Congressional Quarterly |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialmeda00wett_0/page/513}} – contains a list of awardees from 1963 to approximately 1995
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom}}
- [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/medal-of-freedom Medal of Freedom], Official site for the Medal of Freedom for the Obama administration
- [https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R47639.pdf Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1963–2002] (chronological by president, pp. 5–21, alphabetical pp. 24–4), Congressional Research Service via the Federation of American Scientists
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100222215156/https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Recipients.htm Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1993–2009], United States Senate
- [http://politicalgraveyard.com/special/medal-of-freedom.html Politicians Who Received the Medal of Freedom], The Political Graveyard