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List of active separatist movements in Europe#Russia

{{Short description|Separatist movements across Europe}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{original research|date=September 2017}}

{{more citations needed|date=May 2023}}

{{Expert needed|politics|date=April 2025|reason=The article conflates autonomism with separatism and contains potentially irrelevant examples}}

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{{use British English|date=August 2011}}

{{use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}

File:26O Llibertat 191026 60360 dc (48979005808).jpg in Barcelona in October 2019]]

File:Yes rally Glasgow ahead of -indyref Independence Referendum (15085275897).jpg supporters in Glasgow. Scotland held an independence referendum on 18 September 2014]]

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,{{Citation | contribution-url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/separatism | title = Free Dictionary | contribution = Separatism}}{{Citation | contribution = Separatism | contribution-url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/separatism | last1 = Merriam | last2 = Webster | title = Dictionary}}{{Citation | contribution = Separatism | publisher = Encyclopedia | contribution-url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-separatist.html | title = The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | year = 2008}} though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognised as a national minority.{{cite book | last = Harris| first = Jerry| title = The Nation in the Global Era Conflict and Transformation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQQujqyOJJIC&pg=PA320 | year = 2009| publisher = Brill | isbn = 978-90-04-17690-4 | page = 320}}

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks to unify into a different state – in cases where this does not involve the creation of a new state entity, this is considered to be irredentism. Analogous irredentist movements are included in the list of active irredentist movements.

Albania

{{main|Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order}}

In 2024, Edi Rama, the Prime Minister of Albania, announced plans to create an independent European microstate enclaved within Tirana to serve as a headquarters for the Bektashi Order with Baba Mondi as the head of state. The proposed state, called the Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order, would require approval from the Parliament of Albania and an amendment to the Constitution of Albania to declare independence.{{Cite news |last=Higgens |first=Andrew |date=21 September 2024 |title=Albania Is Planning a New Muslim State Inside Its Capital |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/21/world/europe/albania-tirana-muslim-state-bektashi.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=21 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921090757/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/21/world/europe/albania-tirana-muslim-state-bektashi.html }}

Northern Epirus

Proposed State: Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus

Military Groups: Northern Epirus Liberation Front

Azerbaijan

File:Azerbaijan districts Talysh-Mughan.png]]Territory of the short-lived File:Flag of Talysh.svg Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

  • People: Talysh people
  • Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan{{cite web|title=UNPO: Talysh|url=https://unpo.org/members/17338|access-date=2020-11-29|website=unpo.org}} or independence.{{Cite web |date=2020-06-09 |title=Azerbaijan authorities must release Talysh activists {{!}} Amnesty International |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=eur55/2492/2020&language=en |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609172140/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=eur55/2492/2020&language=en |archive-date=9 June 2020 }}
  • Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
  • Government in exile: File:Flag of Talysh.svg Talysh-Mughan Autonomous RepublicRegering in ballingschap ondersteunt strijd in Azerbeidzjan. // Vluchtelingen Dag krant. — Netherlands, 20.06.2019. — P. 4.

Belgium

[[File:Communities of Belgium.svg|thumb|Communities:

{{legend|#fab274|Flemish Community}}

{{legend striped|#fab274|#f2536b|up=yes|Flemish and French Community}}

{{legend|#f2536b|French Community}}

{{legend|#40bb6a|German-speaking Community}}]]{{Main|Partition of Belgium}}

;Autonomist movements

{{flag|Flanders}}

  • People: Flemish
  • Autonomous area: Flanders{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/361218/bart-de-wever-wants-more-autonomy-in-flanders|title=Bart De Wever wants more autonomy in Flanders|first=The Brussels|last=Times|website=www.brusselstimes.com}}
  • Movements: Flemish Movement

{{flag|Wallonia}}

  • People: Walloons
  • Autonomous area: Wallonia{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/53540/walloons-are-for-greater-autonomy-but-against-separation|title=Walloons are for greater autonomy, but against separation|first=The Brussels|last=Times|website=www.brusselstimes.com}}
  • Movements: Walloon Movement

{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg}} East Belgium

  • People: German-speaking Community of Belgium
  • Proposed Autonomous Area: Eupen-Malmedy
  • Political Parties: ProDG{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-GxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54 | title=Regional and National Elections in Western Europe: Territoriality of the Vote in Thirteen Countries | isbn=978-1-137-02544-9 | last1=Dandoy | first1=R. | last2=Schakel | first2=A. | date=19 November 2013 | publisher=Springer }}

;Secessionist movements

{{Further|Partition of Belgium}}

{{flag|Flanders}} or Flemish Community (the latter includes {{flag|Brussels-Capital Region}})

{{Main|Flemish Movement|Greater Netherlands}}

  • People: Flemish
  • Proposed state: {{Flag|Flanders}}, or unification with the {{flag|Netherlands}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/84230/nearly-40-of-flemish-would-vote-for-independence-referendum|title=Nearly 40% of Flemish would vote for independence|first=The Brussels|last=Times|website=www.brusselstimes.com}}{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Reunify Flanders and the Netherlands, argues Bart De Wever |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/belgium-all-news/178380/reunify-flanders-and-the-netherlands-argues-bart-de-wever |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}{{Citation |title=Tom van Grieken over het herenigen van De Nederlanden | date=24 October 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_28O5kc8Uc |access-date=2023-06-15 |language=en}}
  • Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, Vlaams Belang and Flemish-Socialist Movement
  • Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), {{Interlanguage link|Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen|nl}}, Taal Aktie Komitee and Voorpost{{better source needed|date=August 2022}}

{{flag|Wallonia}} or French Community of Belgium (the latter includes {{flag|Brussels-Capital Region}})

{{Main|Walloon Movement|Rattachism}}

  • People: Walloons
  • Proposed state: Unification with {{flag|France}}{{cite news|title=What if Wallonia became French in 2024?|newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=10 May 2022 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2022/05/10/what-if-wallonia-became-french-in-2024_5982970_23.html}}{{Cite web |last=Kwast |first=Ricus van der |date=2023-05-18 |title=Le Wallon peut-il être heureux sans identité propre? |url=https://www.slate.fr/story/246119/tribune-wallon-peut-il-etre-heureux-sans-identite-propre |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Slate.fr |language=fr-FR}}
  • Political parties: Walloon Rally, Rassemblement Wallonie France

Bosnia and Herzegovina

{{Main|Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

;Secessionist movements

{{flag|Republika Srpska|Serbian Republic}}

{{main|Proposed secession of Republika Srpska}}

  • People: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed: independence or unification with {{SRB}}{{Cite web |last=Srna |date=2015-08-11 |title=Anketa: Više od polovine ispitanika za samostalnost RS, vole Dodika, a vjeruju crkvi |url=https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Anketa-Vise-od-polovine-ispitanika-za-samostalnost-RS-vole-Dodika-a-vjeruju-crkvi/319950 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Nezavisne novine |language=sr}}{{Cite news |last=Service |first=RFE/RL's Balkan |title=Dodik Says He Wants Bosnian Serb Entity To 'Unite' With Serbia |language=en |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/dodik-bosnia-serb-entity-unite-serbia/32376947.html |access-date=2023-06-15}}
  • Political organisation: National Assembly of Republika Srpska (Government of Republika Srpska)
  • Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party{{cite book| title = Armed Peacekeepers in Bosnia| year = 2004 | publisher = Diane | isbn = 978-1-4289-1020-1| page = 122}}

;Autonomist movements

{{flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia

{{main|Croat entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

Croatia

File:Istarska županija in Croatia.svg in Croatia.]]

;Autonomist movements

{{flagicon image|Zastava Istarske županije.svg}} Istria County{{cite web|url=https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2017/11/4/istarska-autonomija-i-zagrebacki-histericni-centralizam|title = Istarska autonomija i zagrebački 'histerični centralizam'}}

{{Main|Istrian identity}}

  • People: Istrians (Croats, Istrian Italians, Istro-Romanians, and Istriot-speakers)
  • Proposed: Autonomy for {{flagicon image|Zastava Istarske županije.svg}} Istria within Croatia{{Cite web|url=https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2017/11/4/istarska-autonomija-i-zagrebacki-histericni-centralizam|title=Istarska autonomija i zagrebački 'histerični centralizam'|first=Tomislav|last=Šoštarić|website=balkans.aljazeera.net}}
  • Political party: Istrian Democratic Assembly (factions, not officially){{cite news|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/autonomija-istre-kakvu-zaziva-jakovcic-je-neustavna-1203721|title=Autonomija Istre kakvu zaziva Jakovčić je neustavna|first=Iva|last=Boban Valečić|newspaper=Večernji list|date=27 October 2017|language=hr}}{{cite news|url=https://www.glasistre.hr/politika/ids-ov-zastupnik-emil-daus-autonomija-istre-rijesila-bi-vecinu-problema-nasih-gradana-747536|title=IDS-ov zastupnik Emil Daus: AUTONOMIJA ISTRE RIJEŠILA BI VEĆINU PROBLEMA NAŠIH GRAĐANA!|newspaper=Glas Istre|date=23 September 2019|language=hr}}

File:Dalmatia (Counties).svg]]

{{Flag|Dalmatia}}{{cite web|title=Nino Aviani o oživljavanju Dalmatinske akcije: Mi smo autonomaši! Samo nas neuke budaletine zovu orjunašima |date=28 March 2022 |url=https://sibenski.slobodnadalmacija.hr/sibenik/vijesti/hrvatska-i-svijet/nino-aviani-o-ozivljavanju-dalmatinske-akcije-priznajemo-mi-smo-autonomasi-samo-nas-neuke-budaletine-zovu-orjunasima-1179527}}

{{Flag|Rijeka}}

Cyprus

File:Cyprus districts named.png

{{Main|Cyprus dispute}}

{{See also|Turkish invasion of Cyprus}}

The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus

  • People: Turkish Cypriots
  • De facto state: {{flag|Northern Cyprus}} (recognized only by Turkey)
  • Proposed state: federation with {{flag|Cyprus}},{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ankara-slams-turkish-cypriot-leader-for-remarks-akinci-backs-his-words-151875|title=Ankara slams Turkish Cypriot leader for remarks, Akıncı backs his words - Türkiye News|date=10 February 2020|website=Hürriyet Daily News}} unification with {{Flag|Turkey}}{{Cite news |date=17 June 2020 |title=Türkiye halkına göre Kıbrıs sorunun çözümü: "KKTC'nin Türkiye'ye bağlanması" |work=Kıbrıs Postası |url=https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c36-TURKIYE/n332440-turkiye-halkina-gore-kibris-sorunun-cozumu-kktcnin-turkiyeye-baglanmasi |access-date=3 February 2023}} or recognition of Northern Cyprus{{cite news |title=Erdogan visits Northern Cyprus, calls for two-state solution for island |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cyprus-turkey/erdogan-visits-breakaway-northern-cyprus-after-ally-wins-vote-idUSKBN27V0B5 |work=Reuters |date=15 November 2020}}
  • Government: Government of Northern Cyprus
  • Armed forces: Security Forces Command

Czechia

{{Flag|Moravia}}

  • Proposition: Greater autonomy for Moravia
  • People: Moravians
  • Political party: Moravané,{{Cite web |date=2022-02-02 |title=In Moravia, Bohemians are warned to Czech their privilege |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/02/02/in-moravia-bohemians-are-warned-to-czech-their-privilege |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=euronews |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |last2=Sheehy |first2=Finbarr |last3=Swann |first3=Glenn |last4=Fenn |first4=Chris |title=Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/oct/27/beyond-catalonia-pro-independence-movements-in-europe-map |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=The Guardian |date=27 October 2017 |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2016-04-26 |title=From the Czech Republic to 'Czechia': Shaping Modern Identity {{!}} European Futures |url=https://www.europeanfutures.ed.ac.uk/from-the-czech-republic-to-czechia-shaping-modern-identity/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.europeanfutures.ed.ac.uk |language=en-US}} File:Flag of Moravia with eagle.svg Moravian Land Movement

{{Flag|Liberec Region}}

  • Proposition: autonomy for {{Flag|Liberec Region}}
  • People: Czechs
  • Political party: Mayors for the Liberec Region{{cite web|title=Starostové pro Liberecký kraj (official website)|url=https://www.starostoveprolibereckykraj.cz/}}

Denmark

File:Faroe Islands in the Kingdom of Denmark (globe zoom).svg]]

{{hatnote|For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America}}

{{Flag|Faroe Islands}}

{{Main|Faroese independence movement}}

  • People: Faroese
  • Proposed state: {{Flag|Faroe Islands|name=Faroe Islands}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274473100|title=The Faroe Islands: Independence dreams, globalist separatism and the Europeanization of postcolonial home rule}} or autonomy{{Cite book |last=Sorens |first=Jason |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hioTvtdXXtAC&pg=PA180 |title=Secessionism: Identity, Interest, and Strategy |date=2012-02-13 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-8751-9 |language=en}}
  • Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party

File:Flag of Denmark Bornholm.svg Bornholm

Finland

File:Ahvenanmaa in Finland.svg

{{flag|Åland}}

  • People: Åland Swedes
  • Proposed state: {{flag|Åland}}{{cite web |last=Gråsten |first=Hanna |date=12 June 2018 |title=Ahvenanmaan itsenäisyyttä ajavan puolueen johtaja: Suomesta tulossa yhä enemmän yksikielinen: 'Pienillä askelilla ruotsi suljetaan pois' |url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/201806082200989649 |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=Iltalehti |language=fi}}
  • Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)

File:Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg

{{flagicon image|Sami_flag.svg}} Sápmi

France

{{see also|List of active separatist movements in North America#France|List of active separatist movements in South America#France|List of active separatist movements in Africa#France|List of active separatist movements in Oceania#France}}

;Secessionist movements

File:Basque Country Location Map.svg]]

{{Flagdeco|Basque Country}} French Basque Country/{{Flagicon image|Drapeau proposé pour les Pyrenees-atlantiques.svg}} Pyrénées-Atlantiques

{{Main|Basque nationalism|Basque Country independence}}

  • People: Basque
  • Proposed state: unification with the {{Flagdeco|Basque Country}} Basque Country and {{Flag|Navarre}} – Euskal HerriaZubiaga, M. et al.: [https://www.academia.edu/4681318/The_Basque_State_as_an_effective_management_tool_diversity_democracy_and_Social_Justice Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions], Bilbo: UEU, 2012 {{ISBN|978-84-8438-421-2}}.Mateos, T. et al.: [https://www.academia.edu/4584451/Towards_a_Basque_State._Citizenship_and_Culture Towards a Basque State. Citizenship and culture], Bilbo: UEU, 2012 {{ISBN|978-84-8438-422-9}}.Antiguedad, I. et al.: [https://www.scribd.com/doc/175063197/Towards-a-Basque-State-TERRITORY-AND-SOCIOECONOMICS Towards a Basque State. Territory and socioeconomics], Bilbo: UEU, 2012 {{ISBN|978-84-8438-423-6}}. as an independent state or autonomy.{{Cite book |last1=Haute |first1=Emilie van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zuIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA221 |title=Liberal Parties in Europe |last2=Close |first2=Caroline |date=2019-02-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-24549-4 |language=en}}
  • Political parties: Euskal Herria Bai, Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
  • Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
  • Militant organisations: Irrintzi

{{clear}}

File:Localisation Duché de Bretagne.svg]]

{{Flagdeco|Brittany}} Historic Brittany, comprising Brittany (administrative region) and {{Flag|Loire-Atlantique}}

{{Main|Breton nationalism|Reunification of Brittany}}

  • People: Bretons
  • Proposed state or autonomous region: {{Flag|Brittany}}{{cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |last2=Sheehy |first2=Finbarr |last3=Swann |first3=Glenn |last4=Fenn |first4=Chris |date=27 October 2017 |title=Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/oct/27/beyond-catalonia-pro-independence-movements-in-europe-map |website=TheGuardian.com}}
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League{{cite web |title=Current Campaigns |url=https://www.celticleague.net/current-campaigns/ |access-date=7 April 2015 |publisher=Celtic League |archive-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707210746/https://www.celticleague.net/current-campaigns/ |url-status=dead }}
  • Political parties: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann, Brittany Movement and Progress, Young Bretons Movement
  • Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)

File:Corse in France.svg]]

{{Flag|Corsica}}

{{Main|Corsican nationalism|corsican autonomy}}

{{see also|Italian irredentism in Corsica}}

  • People: Corsicans
  • Proposed state or autonomous region: {{flag|Corsica}}{{Cite web |date=2015-12-13 |title=Territoriales : les résultats définitifs du second tour |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/territoriales-les-resultats-definitifs-du-second-tour-882985.html |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=France 3 Corse ViaStella |language=fr-FR}}
  • Political party: Corsica Libera, Pè a Corsica, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)
  • Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica

Image:Dutcharea.png), including northern French Flanders]]

{{Flagdeco|Flanders}} French Flanders

{{Main|Flemish nationalism}}

  • People: Flemings
  • Proposed state: {{Flagdeco|Flanders}} French Flanders, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with West Flanders, East Flanders, Tournaisis and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the {{flag|Netherlands}} (separatist) or {{flag|Belgium}} (autonomist){{cite web |last=Sabéran |first=Haydée |date=7 July 2008 |title=Le collège change de nom, le principal est menacé par les extrémistes flamands |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france-archive/2008/07/07/le-college-change-de-nom-le-principal-est-menace-par-les-extremistes-flamands_75830 |website=Libération}}{{Cite web |date=2020-05-08 |title=Société : Alors que la Catalogne s'embrase, la Flandre française s'interroge sur elle-même - Flandre Presse |url=https://flandrepresse.fr/societe/alors-que-la-catalogne-sembrase-la-flandre-francaise-sinterroge-sur-elle-meme/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508054300/https://flandrepresse.fr/societe/alors-que-la-catalogne-sembrase-la-flandre-francaise-sinterroge-sur-elle-meme/ |archive-date=8 May 2020 }}
  • Political party: Flemish movement

File:Provence in France (1789).svg]]

{{Flag|Provence}}

  • People: Provençals (Occitans)
  • Proposed state: {{Flagdeco|Provence}} Provence or autonomy
  • Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença{{Cite web |date=2017-10-27 |title=Indépendance de la Catalogne: que sait-on sur le Front de libération nationale de Provence? |url=https://www.nicematin.com/faits-de-societe/indeendedance-de-la-catalogne-que-sait-on-sur-le-front-de-liberation-nationale-de-provence-178937 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Nice-Matin |language=fr}}
  • Political party: Prouvènço Nacioun{{Cite web |last=mars 2022 |first=Provenco 26 |date=2020-12-03 |title=Prouvènço Nacioun ou le rêve d'une Provence autonome |url=https://buzzles.org/2020/12/03/prouvenco-nacioun-ou-le-reve-dune-provence-autonome/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Buzzles |language=fr-FR}}

{{Flagicon|Catalonia}} Northern Catalonia/Pyrénées-Orientales

  • People: Northern Catalans
  • Proposed state: {{Flag|Catalonia|name=Catalonia}} or unification with {{Flag|Catalonia|name=Catalan Countries}} (Spain)
  • Political parties: Esquerra Republicana- Catalunya del Nord,{{cite web|url=http://locals.esquerra.cat/catalunyanord|title=Catalunya del Nord|website=locals.esquerra.cat|access-date=2020-02-08}} Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist),{{cite web|url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/el-nou-partit-oui-au-pays-catalan-opta-pel-regionalisme-i-la-renuncia-a-la-llengua-catalana/|title=El nou partit 'Oui au Pays Catalan' opta pel regionalisme i la renúncia a la llengua catalana|website=VilaWeb|language=ca|access-date=2020-02-08}} Popular Unity Candidacy
  • Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència,{{cite web|url=https://assemblea.cat/index.php/organitzacio/assemblees-territorials/catalunya-nord/catalunya-nord-per-la-independencia/|title=Catalunya Nord per la independència|website=Assemblea Nacional Catalana|language=ca|access-date=2020-02-08}} Òmnium Catalunya Nord{{cite web|url=https://www.omnium.cat/ca/seus/catalunya-nord/|title=Catalunya Nord|website=Òmnium Cultural|language=ca|access-date=2020-02-08}}
  • Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord){{cite web|url=https://joventrepublica.cat/regionals/catalunyanord|title=Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana|website=joventrepublica.cat|access-date=2020-02-08}}

File:Flag of Savoie.svg Savoy

  • Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."{{Cite web |date=12 September 2016 |title=Ieri a Torino indipendentisti italiani e francesi han manifestato per un moderno stato di Savoia – Corsica Oggi |url=https://www.corsicaoggi.com/sito/ieri-a-torino-indipendentisti-italiani-e-francesi-per-nuovo-stato-savoia/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |language=it-IT}}
  • Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato
  • Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa

Autonomist movements

{{Flag|Alsace}}

{{main|Alsace independence movement}}

  • People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flag|Alsace}}{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Alsace poll: 68% demand 'independence' from Grand Est, seek to regain separate region |url=https://www.nationalia.info/brief/11282/alsace-poll-68-demands-independence-from-grand-est-seeks-to-regain-separate-region |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Nationalia |language=Catalan}}{{Cite web |title=Alsace fights back: a French David vs. Goliath story |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/alsace-fights-back-french-david-vs-goliath-story/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Fighting for Brittany: autonomy in a centralised state |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/fighting-for-brittany-autonomy-in-centralised-state/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}
  • Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, Alsatian Alternative, {{Interlanguage link|Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen|fr}}, Unser Land (EFA member)

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Normandie.svg}} Normandy

File:Normandy in France 2016.svg]]

  • People: Normans
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Normandie.svg}} Normandy
  • Political party: Mouvement Normand{{Cite web |title=Grande Normandie : pour Didier Patte, président du Mouvement Normand, " tout commence maintenant " |url=https://www.lecourriercauchois.fr/actualite-71368-grande-normandie-pour-didier-patte-president-du-mouvement-normand-tout-commence-maintenant |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=www.lecourriercauchois.fr|date=31 December 2015 }}{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-02-06 |title=Didier Patte, fondateur du Mouvement normand, s'en est allé |url=https://www.breizh-info.com/2023/02/06/214939/didier-patte-fondateur-du-mouvement-normand-sen-est-alle/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=www.breizh-info.com |language=fr-FR}}{{Cite web |title=Cross flags in Normandy (France) |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/fr%7Dmnorm.html#mou |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=www.fotw.info}}

{{Flagdeco|Savoy}} Savoy

  • People: Savoyans
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagdeco|Savoy}} Savoy{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Savoy |url=https://unpo.org/members/17344 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=unpo.org}}{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Savoy's Long-Ignored Struggle for Self-Determination Finally Makes the Headlines, But at What Cost? |url=https://unpo.org/article/17599 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Brittany and Savoy: French Minority Groups Claim Rights at 9th OHCHR Forum on Minority Issues |url=https://unpo.org/article/19660 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}
  • Political party: Movement Règion Savouè (EFA member)

{{Flag|Occitania}}

  • People: Occitans
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flag|Occitania}}
  • Political parties: Partit Occitan{{Cite news |last=Zappi |first=Timothée |date=2022-05-20 |title=Législatives dans les Landes : le Partit occitan investit trois candidats |language=fr-FR |url=https://www.sudouest.fr/elections/legislatives/landes/legislatives-dans-les-landes-le-partit-occitan-investit-trois-candidats-10948354.php |access-date=2023-06-17 |issn=1760-6454}} (EFA member), Occitan Nationalist Party,The Occitan Nation Party held its biannual National Council on November 6 and 7, 2010 in Montauban. https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/09/944114-montauban-parti-de-la-nation-occitane-apres-le-conseil-national.html Assemblada Occitana,{{Cite web |last=Vaiani |first=Mauro |date=2023-04-02 |title=Assemblada Occitana Valadas |url=https://www.autonomieeambiente.eu/rete/valades |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Autonomie e Ambiente |language=it-it}}{{Cite web |last=cuneocronaca |title=Assemblada Occitana Valades: "L'orgoglio per la nostra terra con le bandiere dai balconi"- Cuneocronaca.it |url=https://www.cuneocronaca.it/assemblada-occitana-valades-la-nostra-bandiera-il-26-sventolera-dai-balconi |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=www.cuneocronaca.it |language=it-IT}} Libertat

File:Franche-Comté in France.svg]]

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Franche-Comté.svg}} Franche Comté

{{further interlanguage link|Nationalisme franc-comtois|fr|Nationalisme franc-comtois}}

  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Franche-Comté.svg}} Franche Comté{{Cite web|url=https://www.macommune.info/60-des-francs-comtois-souhaitent-que-la-franche-comte-se-separe-de-la-bourgogne-sondage-opinion-way/|title=60 % des Francs-Comtois souhaitent que la Franche-Comté se sépare de la Bourgogne (sondage Opinion Way) • macommune.info|website=www.macommune.info}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.info-chalon.com/articles/2021/02/07/48150/regionales-le-mouvement-franche-comte-demande-aux-republicains-et-au-rassemblement-national-de-mettre-dans-leurs-programmes-un-referendum-de-secession-avec-la-bourgogne|title=RÉGIONALES : Le Mouvement Franche-Comté demande aux Républicains et au Rassemblement National de mettre dans leurs programmes un référendum de sécession avec la Bourgogne - info-chalon.com - Toute l'info sur le Grand Chalon et en Saône-et-Loire|website=Info-Chalon.com}}
  • Political party: {{ill|Mouvement Franche-Comté|fr}}, Yes Franche-Comté
  • militant organization: Franche-Comtât Abada!

{{Flag|Alpes-Maritimes}}{{cite book|title=L'identité « nissarte » et le nationalisme niçois au début du XXIe siècle : la résurgence d'un mouvement revendicatif, mais éclaté| date=2022 | doi=10.1515/9782763755182-009 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9782763755182-009/html?lang=de | last1=Boulanger | first1=Philippe | pages=121–133 | isbn=978-2-7637-5518-2 }}

{{further interlanguage link|Nationalisme niçois|Fr|Nationalisme niçois}}

{{Flag|Picardy}}

{{Flag|Lorraine}}

{{further interlanguage link|Lotharingisme|Fr|Lotharingism}}

  • Ethnic group: Lorrainians
  • Proposed: autonomy for {{Flag|Lorraine}}
  • Political party: Parti Lorrain{{cite web|title=Le Nationalisme Lorrain - Separatism in Lorraine|url=http://s3.e-monsite.com/2010/08/03/19039115university-separatism-in-lorraine-pdf.pdf}}

Georgia

File:Map of Georgia with Abkhazia and South Ossetia highlighted.svg are shown in pink.]]

{{Main|Russo-Georgian War}}

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia

{{Main|Abkhaz–Georgian conflict}}

Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

{{Main|Ossetian–Georgian conflict}}

  • People: Ossetians
  • De facto state: {{flag|South Ossetia}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18269210|title=South Ossetia profile|work=BBC News|date=21 April 2016}} (recognized by 5 UN members)
  • Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia{{Cite web |title=Georgia's South Ossetia plans to take steps to join Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/31/georgias-south-ossetia-plans-to-take-legal-steps-to-join-russia |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Узел |first=Кавказский |title=Gagloev: not right time for referendum on joining Russia |url=https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/59086/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Caucasian Knot}}{{Cite news |last=Fuller |first=Liz |date=2016-05-30 |title=South Ossetia Postpones Referendum On Accession To Russian Federation |language=en |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-russia-south-ossetia-accession-referendum-delay/27766068.html |access-date=2023-06-18}}{{Cite web |title=President: South Ossetia plans to hold referendum on becoming part of Russia before August |url=https://tass.com/world/868630 |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=TASS}}
  • Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
  • Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Javakheti

  • Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
  • Proposed: Autonomy for the region {{flagicon image|Flag of Javakhk.svg}} Javakhk (Javakheti)
  • Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance{{cite web |last1=Aghalaryan |first1=Kristine |title=Javakhk – Autonomy Is the Only Solution |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/31782 |website=Hetq Online |date=April 2011 |access-date=1 October 2022}}{{Cite web|url=https://civil.ge/archives/431955/amp|title=Civil Georgia | Russia Claims Ethnic Armenians Demand Autonomy in Samtskhe-Javakheti|website=civil.ge|date=13 July 2021 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1101479.html|title=Georgia: Javakheti Armenians' Call For Autonomy Has Tbilisi On Guard (Part 1)|website=www.rferl.org|date=9 April 2008 |last1=Peuch |first1=Jean-Christophe }}

Germany

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Deutschland Lage von Bayern.svg

| image2 = Deutschland Lage von Sachsen.svg

| caption1 = Bavaria

| caption2 = Saxony

}}

{{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} Bavaria

{{main|Bavarian nationalism}}

  • People: Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: {{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} Free State of Bavaria
  • Political party: Bavaria Party (EFA member)[https://bayernpartei.de/satzung/ Satzung der Bayernpartei], 30. October 2011, from: bayernpartei.de, 28 August 2018{{Cite web |title=Bundesländervergleich: Jeder dritte Bayer für Unabhängigkeit von Deutschland {{!}} YouGov |url=https://yougov.de/topics/travel/articles-reports/2017/07/18/bundeslandervergleich-jeder-dritte-bayer-fur-unabh |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=yougov.de |language=de-de}}{{Cite web |title=News Article |url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=css.ethz.ch |language=en}}

{{Flag|Saxony}}

  • People: Upper Saxons, Saxons
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: File:FreeSaxonflag.png Saxony
  • Political party: File:FreeSaxonflag.png Free Saxony{{Cite web |last=Hewson |first=Jens Kastner, Jack |date=2024-12-12 |title=Why Does Eastern Germany Love Putin So Much? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/09/17/east-germany-putin-afd-misinformation/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=haitblog |date=2022-03-02 |title="Free Saxons" – A new far right (protest) party on the rise? |url=https://haitblog.hypotheses.org/2586 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Denken ohne Geländer |doi=10.58079/pf1a |language=de-DE}}{{Cite web |last=Lasch |first=Hendrik |title=Unter dem Königswappen für den »Säxit« |url=https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1150228.freie-sachsen-unter-dem-koenigswappen-fuer-den-saexit.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=nd-aktuell.de |language=de}}

File:Location_LUS2.svg]]

{{Flag|Lusatia}}

  • People: Sorbs
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: {{Flag|Lusatia}}
  • Political party: Lusatian Alliance{{cite web|title="We want to have a self-determined, democratically legitimated Sorbian Parliament"|date=26 June 2023 |url=https://www.nationalia.info/interview/10623/we-want-to-have-a-self-determined-democratically-legitimated-sorbian-parliament}}{{Cite web |title=Sorben und Wenden. Eine Minderheit gründet ein Parlament in der Lausitz |url=https://chrismon.evangelisch.de/artikel/2019/46015/sorben-und-wenden-eine-minderheit-gruendet-ein-parlament-der-lausitz |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=chrismon.evangelisch.de |language=de}}{{Cite news |title=Brandenburg: Sorben wählen ein eigenes Parlament |language=de-DE |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/sorben-wahlen-ein-eigenes-parlament-4005046.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=1865-2263}}
  • Non-governmental organization: Domowina

{{Flag|East Frisia}}

  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flag|East Frisia}}
  • Ethnic group: Frisians
  • Political party: Die Friesen{{Cite web |date=2023-06-19 |title=The European Free Alliance gives green light to EU internal enlargement |url=https://www.nationalia.info/new/8903/the-european-free-alliance-gives-green-light-to-eu-internal-enlargement |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Nationalia |language=Catalan}}{{Cite web |last=Joseph |title=The Languages of Separatists in Europe: Part 1 |url=http://www.thelinguafile.com/2014/09/the-languages-of-separatists-in-europe.html |access-date=2023-06-19}}{{Cite web |date=2017-08-28 |title=Wha's Like Us: The independence movements of the Netherlands & Poland |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/15499680.whas-like-us-the-independence-movements-of-the-netherlands-poland/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=The National |language=en}}

{{Flagicon image|Flagge Franken.svg}} {{Flag|Franconia}}

  • Proposed autonomous region: {{Flagicon image|Flagge Franken.svg}} Franconia{{Cite web |last=Przybilla |first=Olaf |date=2010-05-17 |title=Vorbild Schottland |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/partei-fuer-franken-vorbild-schottland-1.153475 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Süddeutsche.de |language=de}}
  • Political party: Party for Franconia{{cite web|title= Eine neue Partei fordert mehr Autonomie für die Region Franken. Auch wenn das Hunderte von Jahren dauern könnte.|date= 17 May 2010|url= https://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/partei-fuer-franken-vorbild-schottland-1.153475}}

Italy

{{Further|Italian unification}}

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Friuli--Mappa.png

| image2 = Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy.svg

| caption1 = Friuli

| caption2 = Friuli-Venezia Giulia region

| total_width = 200

}}

{{flagicon image|Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg}} Friuli-Venezia Giulia

{{Main|Friulian Front}}

  • People: Friulians
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Bandiere dal Friûl.svg}} Friuli
  • Political parties:
  • Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan,{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/14_luglio_27/web-referendum-indipendenza-friuli-51e0f6c8-15b3-11e4-bcb3-09a23244c28e.shtml|title=Dopo il Veneto prova anche il Friuli Il "referendum" degli indipendentisti|date=27 July 2014|website=Corriere della Sera}} Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front,{{cite web|url=http://bora.la/2013/04/17/i-movimenti-per-lautonomia-e-per-lindipendenza-in-fvg/|title=I movimenti per l'autonomia e per l'indipendenza in FVG - Bora.La|date=17 April 2013}}
  • Autonomist parties: Pact for Autonomy

File:Lombardy in Italy.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Lombardy.svg}} Lombardy

{{main|Lombard nationalism}}

  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Bandiera Lombardia.jpg}} Republic of Lombardy or autonomy.
  • Political parties (autonomist): Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda{{Cite web |title=Two Italian regions vote overwhelmingly for greater autonomy |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/21/europe/italy-lombardy-veneto-vote/index.html |website=CNN |date=21 October 2017 |language=en |access-date=2023-06-20}}
  • Political parties (secessionist): Pro Lombardy Independence, Lega Lombarda{{cite web|url=http://www.prolombardia.eu/cose-pro-lombardia/|title=Cos'è pro Lombardia|website=pro Lombardia Indipendenza}}{{cite web |date=2018-04-30 |title=Dal Pirellone alla Laguna: indipendentismo lombardo-veneto {{!}} The Fielder |url=http://thefielder.net/10/12/2013/dal-pirellone-alla-laguna-lindipendentismo-lombardo-veneto/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430050504/http://thefielder.net/10/12/2013/dal-pirellone-alla-laguna-lindipendentismo-lombardo-veneto/ |archive-date=30 April 2018 }}

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Italia settentrionale.svg

| image2 = Padania2.PNG

| caption1 = Northern Italy

| caption2 = Proposed nation of Padania, light blue includes the regions of Tuscany, Umbria and Marche

| total_width = 200

}}

Northern Italy

{{Main|Padanian nationalism}}

  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Padania.svg}} Padania{{Cite web |last=Balduzzi |first=Gianni |date=2014-11-10 |title=Sondaggi politici Demos, indipendenza regioni: quanti gli italiani favorevoli |url=https://www.termometropolitico.it/1146296_sondaggi-politici-indipendenza-regioni-italiani.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Termometro Politico |language=it-IT}}
  • Political parties (autonomist): Lega Nord, Great North{{Cite web |last=Maslova |first=Elena |title=Analytics |url=https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/why-northern-italy-wants-no-autonomy/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Valdai Club}}{{Cite web |date=2017-06-22 |title=Milano, si è costituito ufficialmente "Grande Nord" |url=https://www.affaritaliani.it/milano/partiti-costitutito-movimento-grande-nord-486161.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Affaritaliani.it |language=it}}
  • Political parties (secessionist): Lega Nord (formerly), Lega Padana, Padanian Union, Alpine Padanian Union

File:Mezzogiorno.svg]]

Southern Italy

  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Proposed flag of Southern Italy (Due Sicilie).svg}} Mezzogiorno,{{Cite web|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/it_south.html|title=Southern Italy flag (unofficial)|website=www.crwflags.com}}{{Cite magazine|last=Paolo |first=Michele |date=2021-02-05 |title=Ask An Italian: Secessionist Movements In Italy |url=https://italicsmag.com/2021/02/05/ask-an-italian-secessionist-movements-in-italy/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |magazine=Italics Magazine |language=en-US}} Meridione, Magna Graecia, or Due Sicilie{{cite web | url=https://www.newsbomb.gr/synenteyxeis/story/1448121/oi-katoikoi-tis-notias-italias-theloun-na-ksana-ginoun-megali-ellada | title=Οι κάτοικοι της Νότιας Ιταλίας θέλουν να (ξανα)γίνουν Μεγάλη Ελλάδα! | date=14 July 2023 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.reader.gr/kosmos/anypotakto-horio-sto-facebook-poy-oneireyetai-tin-enosi-italias-kai-elladas/525747 | title=Το ανυπότακτο "χωριό" στο Facebook που ονειρεύεται την ένωση Ιταλίας και Ελλάδας | date=22 July 2023 }}
  • Political parties (autonomist):{{cite web|title=Great south to merge with Forza Italia. Freedom, justice and a better Italy|url=http://www.siciliainformazioni.com/sicilia-informazioni/62157/micciche-grande-sud-si-schiera-con-forza-italia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213173538/http://www.siciliainformazioni.com/sicilia-informazioni/62157/micciche-grande-sud-si-schiera-con-forza-italia|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=live}} We the South, Great South, Movement for Autonomy{{Cite web |title=Parties and Elections in Europe |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.parties-and-elections.eu}} Autonomy South, Force of the South and I the South,
  • Political parties (secessionist): Lega Sud Ausonia{{Cite web |last=Strill.it |date=2019-10-21 |title=Regionali, il coordinatore di Lega Sud Ausonia Calabria lavora alla lista |url=https://www.strill.it/citta/reggio/2019/10/regionali-il-coordinatore-di-lega-sud-ausonia-calabria-lavora-alla-lista/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=strill.it |language=it-IT}}

File:Sicily in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|Sicily}}

{{Main|Sicilian nationalism}}

  • People: Sicilians
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|EVIS flag.svg}} Sicily{{Cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |last2=Sheehy |first2=Finbarr |last3=Swann |first3=Glenn |last4=Fenn |first4=Chris |title=Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/oct/27/beyond-catalonia-pro-independence-movements-in-europe-map |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=The Guardian |date=27 October 2017 |language=en}}
  • Political parties (autonomist): Sicilian Socialist Party, Party of the Sicilians Movement for Autonomy
  • Political parties (secessionist): Free Sicilians{{cite web|url=http://www.sicilianiliberi.org/ |title=Siciliani Liberi |publisher=Siciliani Liberi |access-date=25 February 2017 |language=it}}{{Cite web |date=2016-01-04 |title="Siciliani liberi", nasce nuovo movimento indipendentista |url=https://gds.it/articoli/politica/2016/01/04/siciliani-liberi-nasce-nuovo-movimento-indipendentista-9000aaaf-a540-4c31-a7e4-30e1a39d01ea/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Giornale di Sicilia |language=it}}
  • Advocacy groups: Sicilian National Front,{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Fronte-Nazionale-Siciliano-935217669869357/ |via=Facebook |title=Fronte Nazionale Siciliano |access-date=25 February 2017 |language=it}}{{Primary source inline|date=June 2022}} Sicilia Nazione,{{cite web|url=http://www.sicilianazione.eu/ |title=Sicilia Nazione |access-date=25 February 2017 |publisher=Sicilia Nazione |language=it}} Sicilian National Liberation Movement.{{cite web|title=Vlaskamp van Loo Attorneys|url=http://www.msln.org/|website=msln.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209123923/http://www.msln.org/|archive-date=9 February 2005|url-status=dead}}

File:South Tyrol in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|South Tyrol}}

{{Main|South Tyrolean secessionist movement}}

  • Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for {{Flag|South Tyrol}} or unification with {{Flag|Tyrol}} in {{Flag|Austria}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/south-tyrol-from-secessionist-to-european-dreams/|title=South Tyrol: from secessionist to European dreams|website=openDemocracy}}{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=South Tyrol heading to unofficial independence referendum in autumn |url=https://www.nationalia.info/new/9915/south-tyrol-heading-to-unofficial-independence-referendum-in-autumn |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Nationalia |language=Catalan}}
  • Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen (independence), South Tyrolean Freedom (unification)

{{Flag|Savoy}}

  • Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=PIEMONTE-SAVOIA, STATO INDIPENDENTE NELL'EUROPA CRISTIANA – Gioventura Piemontèisa |url=https://www.gioventurapiemonteisa.net/piemonte-savoia-stato-indipendente-nelleuropa-cristiana/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003210127/https://www.gioventurapiemonteisa.net/piemonte-savoia-stato-indipendente-nelleuropa-cristiana/ |archive-date=3 October 2022 }} "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."
  • Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato
  • Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa{{Cite web |last=Leonardo |date=2014-09-18 |title=Piemonte indipendente, anche noi vogliamo decidere democraticamente |url=https://www.miglioverde.eu/piemonte-indipendente-anche-noi-vogliamo-decidere-democraticamente/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Miglioverde |language=it-IT}}

File:Tuscany in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|Tuscany}}

  • Ethnic group: Tuscans
  • Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for {{Flag|Tuscany}}
  • Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement, Toscano Stato{{cite web |last1=Testi |first1=Gabrielle |title=Tuscany joins the train of differentiated autonomy |url=https://swissfederalism.ch/en/tuscany-joins-the-train-of-differentiated-autonomy/ |website=Swiss Federalism |access-date=3 October 2022 |date=15 Dec 2019}}{{Cite web |title=Nasce il Partito Indipendentista Toscano |url=https://www.quinewsvaldelsa.it/nasce-il-partito-indipendentista-toscano.htm |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.quinewsvaldelsa.it |language=it}}{{Cite web |date=2014-05-25 |title=Toscana, gli indipendentisti che vogliono dire "addio" all'Italia (e votano M5S) |url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/05/25/toscana-stato-gli-indipendentisti-che-vogliono-dire-addio-allitalia/999319/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Il Fatto Quotidiano |language=it-IT}}

File:Veneto in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|Veneto}}

{{Main|Venetian nationalism}}

  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Venice.svg}} Republic of Venice or autonomy{{cite web |author1=James Masters |author2=Valentina Di Donato |date=2017-10-21 |title=Two Italian regions vote overwhelmingly for greater autonomy |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/21/europe/italy-lombardy-veneto-vote/index.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=CNN |language=en}}{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2014-04-02 |title=Italian forces arrest Veneto separatists over alleged plot to attack Venice |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/02/italy-arrest-veneto-separatists-plot-tank |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0261-3077}}{{cite web |last=Pol |first=R. |date=2014-04-02 |title=Indipendentisti, blitz all'alba: 24 arresti Sequestrato 'tanko', in manette Rocchetta |url=http://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/politica/2014/2-aprile-2014/blitz-contro-indipendentisti-24-arresti-2236075968.shtml |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Corriere del Veneto |language=it}}
  • Political parties (autonomist): Liga Veneta, Veneto for Autonomy{{Cite web |date=2017-07-28 |title=CRV - "Maurizio Conte presenta la nuova denominazione del gruppo consiliare" - Press Release - Veneto |url=http://www.ansa.it/pressrelease/veneto/2017/07/28/crv-maurizio-conte-presenta-la-nuova-denominazione-del-gruppo-consiliare_1a10eb4a-e396-4559-852d-014ee6eb8a6c.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=ANSA.it |language=it}}
  • Political parties (secessionist): Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence, We Are Veneto, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left
  • youth organization: Independentist Youth
  • National Liberation Movement (Self-determination): Venetian National Liberation Movement

File:Free Territory of Trieste Map.svg, which legally ceased to exist in 1977 after the Treaty of Osimo]]

{{Flag|Trieste}}

  • Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
  • Advocacy group: Movement for the Independence of the Free Territory of Trieste{{Cite web |date=2014-10-31 |title=The Italian city that wants a divorce |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29822594 |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |last=Burton |first=Tara Isabella |date=2016-08-01 |title=The Free State of Trieste |language=en-US |work=Slate |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2016/08/can-trieste-italy-ever-become-its-own-city-state.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |issn=1091-2339}}{{Cite web |date=2017-11-27 |title=Shout-out for Trieste: James Joyce's Italian home |url=https://www.independent.ie/life/travel/europe/shout-out-for-trieste-james-joyces-italian-home/36350985.html |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Independent.ie |language=en}}

File:Aosta Valley in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|Aosta Valley}}

  • Proposition: Greater autonomy for Aosta
  • Political party: Valdostan Union{{Cite news |date=2014-12-02 |title=Uv appeals Aosta Valley people to defend autonomy from "continued agression" by the Italian state |work=Nationalia |url=https://www.nationalia.info/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}{{Cite news |date=2018-04-03 |title=Consultazioni governo- il calendario. Ecco cosa diranno i partiti al Colle. mattarella "portavoce esigenze dei cittadini" |work=fattoquotidiano |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it |access-date=2023-07-11}}{{Cite news |date=2023-05-11 |title=Union valdotaine, riunione autonomisti è "sfida del future" |work=ansa |url=https://www.ansa.it |access-date=2023-07-11}}

File:Sardinia in Italy.svg]]

{{Flag|Sardinia}}

  • Ethnic group: Sardinian people
  • Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for {{Flag|Sardinia}}.{{cite web |title=Will Scottish Independence Create a Bandwagon Effect? |date=17 September 2014 |url=https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/09/17/will-scottish-independence-create-a-bandwagon-effect/}}{{Cite magazine |last=Santonastaso |first=Timothy |date=2021-10-07 |title=Sardinian Nationalism Looks To Catalonia |url=https://italicsmag.com/2021/10/07/sardinia-nationalism-looks-to-catalonia/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |magazine=Italics Magazine |language=en-US}}
  • Advocacy groups: Canton Marittimo{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Lizzy |date=2014-03-23 |title=Italy's separatist spirit takes new shape as Sardinians push to become Swiss |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/23/italy-separatist-sardinian-swiss-canton-marittimo |access-date=2023-07-15 |issn=0261-3077}}
  • Political parties: Sardinian Action Party

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Romagna - cartina territori.jpg

| image2 = Romagna geopolitica.png

| caption1 = Romagna (shown in green) in the Emilia-Romagna region

| caption2 = Romagna

| total_width = 200

}}

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Romagna.svg}} Romagna

  • Ethnic group: Romagnol people{{Cite web|url=https://www.riminitoday.it/politica/si-alla-regione-romagna-no-al-bluff-del-provincione.html|title="Sì alla Regione Romagna, No al bluff del Provincione"|website=RiminiToday}}
  • Proposal: divide of {{flagicon image|Flag of Romagna.svg}} Romagna from {{Flag|Emilia-Romagna}}
  • Political party: Movement for the Autonomy of Romagna, Lega Romagna

Lithuania

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Žemaitija.svg}} Samogitia

  • Ethnic group: Samogitians
  • Proposed autonomous region: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Žemaitija.svg}} Samogitia{{Cite web|url=https://kresy.pl/wydarzenia/zmudzki-niedzwiedz-sie-budzi/|title=Żmudzki niedźwiedź się budzi » Kresy - wiadomości, wydarzenia, aktualności, newsy|date=23 January 2009 }}
  • Political party: Samogitian Party,Dawn of Nemunas

Malta

{{flagicon image|Flag of Gozo.svg}} Gozo

  • People: Gozitans
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{flagicon image|Flag of Gozo.svg}} Gozo{{Cite web |title=The Flag of rebellion is raised in Gozo - The Malta Independent |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2011-06-16/local-news/The-Flag-of-rebellion-is-raised-in-Gozo-294148 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=www.independent.com.mt}}
  • Political organisation: People's Party (Malta){{Cite news |date=2022-03-06 |title=Il-Partit Popolari jipproponi lill-Għawdxin referendum dwar is-sħubija fl-UE |url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/il-partit-popolari-jipproponi-lill-ghawdxin-referendum-dwar-is-shubija-fl-ue/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=TVMnews.mt |language=en-US}}

Moldova

File:Transnistria in Europe (zoomed).svg]]

;Breakaway state

{{Flag|Transnistria}}

{{Main|Transnistria War}}

  • People: Equal proportions of Russians, Ukrainians and Moldovans
  • De facto state: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Transnistria (state).svg}} Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
  • Proposed state: {{Flag|Transnistria}} {{cite web |title=EXPLAINER: The Moldovan separatist republic of Transnistria |date=8 March 2022 |url=https://intellinews.com/explainer-the-moldovan-separatist-republic-of-transnistria-237345/}} or unification with {{Flag|Russia}}
  • Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
  • Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria

{{Flag|Gagauzia}}

  • People: Gagauz people
  • Proposed State: {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Gagauz_people.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Gagauz_Republic_(Variant).svg}} Gagauz Republic
  • Political organisation: Peoples of Union of Gagauzia{{Cite web |title=Pro-Russia Populists Attempt to Capture Gagauzia |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/pro-russia-populists-attempt-capture-gagauzia |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |date=26 April 2023 |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Chapple |first=Amos |date=2023-03-24 |title=In Moldova's Pro-Russian Gagauzia Region, Old Loyalties Die Hard |language=en |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/gagauzia-moldova-war-russia-ukraine/32329617.html |access-date=2023-12-12}}

Montenegro

Sandzak

  • Ethnic group: Bosniak
  • Proposed: Greater Autonomy
  • Political party: Free Sandzak{{Cite web |title=АМЕРИЧКА ОФАНЗИВА: Санџак – ново Косово за Србију |url=https://iskra.co/srbija/americka-ofanziva-sandzak-novo-kosovo-za-srbiju/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=ИСКРА}}{{Cite web |date=2019-05-26 |title=Ако Србија призна лажну државу, следи Западна омча Београду: Шта се крије иза пројекта "држава Санџак" - Србија данас |url=https://www.sd.rs/sr/vesti/info/ako-srbija-prizna-laznu-drzavu-sledi-zapadna-omca-beogradu-sta-se-krije-iza-projekta-drzava-sandzak-2019-05-26 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.sd.rs |language=sr-Cyrl}}{{Cite web |title=СРБИЈА ПОНОВО НА УДАРУ АМЕРИКЕ! Почиње отцепљење Санџака |url=https://www.intermagazin.rs/srbija-ponovo-na-udaru-amerike-pocinje-otcepljenje-sandzaka/?lang=cir |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.intermagazin.rs| date=28 September 2017 }}{{Cite web |last=Vojvodine |first=Javna medijska ustanova JMU Radio-televizija |title=Драгаш: Угљанин заговара сепаратизам |url=https://rtv.rs/sr_lat/politika/dragas-ugljanin-zagovara-separatizam_964309.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=JMU Radio-televizija Vojvodine |language=sr-Latn}}

Netherlands

{{multiple image | width = 100px

|image1 = Friesland in the Netherlands.svg

|footer = Location of Friesland }}

{{see also|List of active separatist movements in North America#Netherlands}}

{{flagicon image|Frisian flag.svg}} Frisia

|url=http://www.fnp.nl/?program/english_version/

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006220741/http://www.fnp.nl/?program%2Fenglish_version%2F

|archive-date=6 October 2007

|title=FNP program for the Provincial Elections 2007

|publisher=Frisian National Party

|access-date=12 April 2009

|url-status=dead

}}{{Cite web |date=2017-08-28 |title=Wha's Like Us: The independence movements of the Netherlands & Poland |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/15499680.whas-like-us-the-independence-movements-of-the-netherlands-poland/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=The National |language=en}} Groep fan Auwerk

Norway

File:Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg

{{flagicon image|Sami_flag.svg}} Sápmi

Northern Norway{{cite web|title=View of Nordnorsk regionalisme i 2022. Ein kommentar|url=https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/SCS/article/view/7302/7681}}{{cite web|title=Drømmen om Nord-Norge – fra lokalhistorie til regionalhistorie|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376105688_Drommen_om_Nord-Norge_-_fra_lokalhistorie_til_regionalhistorie}}

Poland

File:Autonomy Separatism Poland.png - Ruch Autonomii Śląska and Other silesian movements}} {{legend|#FFB27F|Kashubia - Kashubian Association}}

{{legend|#7FC9FF|Masuria - Ruch Autonomii Mazur}}{{legend|#7FFFC5|Greater Poland - Konfederacja Wielkopolan}}]]

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Silesia.svg}} Silesia

  • People: Silesians
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Silesia.svg}} Silesia
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement,{{Cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |last2=Sheehy |first2=Finbarr |last3=Swann |first3=Glenn |last4=Fenn |first4=Chris |title=Beyond Catalonia: pro-independence movements in Europe |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/oct/27/beyond-catalonia-pro-independence-movements-in-europe-map |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=the Guardian |date=27 October 2017 |language=en}} First Self-Governance League, Silesian Regional Party, Silesians Together

{{flagicon image|Kashubian flag.svg}} Kashubia and Pomerania

  • People: Kashubians
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{flagicon image|Kashubian flag.svg}} Pomerania{{cite web|url=http://kaszebsko.com/kaszubski-ruch-narodowy.html|title = Kaszubski Ruch Narodowy | Kaszëbskô Jednota| archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220205214456/http://kaszebsko.com/kaszubski-ruch-narodowy.html | archive-date=5 February 2022 }}{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Is Poland a potential patchwork of national and regional identities? |url=https://www.nationalia.info/new/10164/is-poland-a-potential-patchwork-of-national-and-regional-identities |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Nationalia |language=Catalan}}
  • Political party: Kashubian Association (Cultural Autonomy){{Cite web |title=Kim jesteśmy i jakie są nasze cele? – Kaszëbskô Jednota |url=https://kaszebsko.com/kim-jestesmy-i-jakie-sa-nasze-cele |access-date=2025-01-28 |language=pl-PL}}

{{flagicon image|Flag of Masurians.svg}} Masuria

  • People: Poles, Masurians
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{flagicon image|Flag of Masurians.svg}} Masuria{{Cite web|url=https://www.rp.pl/publicystyka/art14184241-ruch-autonomii-mazur-czy-czeka-nas-plaga-separatyzmu-w-polsce|title=Ruch Autonomii Mazur. Czy czeka nas plaga separatyzmu w Polsce?|website=Rzeczpospolita}}
  • Political Party: Ruch Autonomii Mazur

{{Flagicon image|POL województwo wielkopolskie flag.svg}} Greater Poland

  • People: Poles in Greater Poland Voivodeship
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagicon image|POL województwo wielkopolskie flag.svg}} Greater Poland{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Konfederacja Wielkopolan - chcą autonomii gospodarczej regionu |url=https://kalisz.naszemiasto.pl/konfederacja-wielkopolan-chca-autonomii-gospodarczej/ar/c1-2241084 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=kalisz naszemiasto}}
  • Political party: Konfederacja Wielkopolan

Portugal

{{Flag|Azores}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.noticiasmagazine.pt/2016/acores-a-independencia-que-nunca-chegou/historias/20734/|title=Açores, a independência que nunca chegou|work=Notícias Magazine |date=16 October 2016 }}

  • ethnic group: Azoreans
  • proposed state: {{Flag|Azores}}
  • militant organization: Azores Liberation Front{{cite web|title=FLA critica comemorações do 10 de junho|date=7 August 2023 |url=https://acores.rtp.pt/politica/fla-critica-comemoracoes-do-10-de-junho/}}

Romania

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg}} Transylvania and {{Flagicon image|Proposed flag of Banat.svg}} Banat{{Cite web |title=Calls to liberate Transylvania from Romania |url=https://politics.hu/20120813/transylvanian-separatist-video-emerges/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013073003/https://politics.hu/20120813/transylvanian-separatist-video-emerges/ |archive-date=13 October 2012 }}

{{multiple image

|image1 = Transylvania, Banat, Crisana and Maramures.svg

|image2 = Banat.svg

|footer = Location of Transylvania (left) and Banat (right)

}}

  • People: Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons
  • Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat{{Cite web |title=Calls to liberate Transylvania from Romania |url=https://politics.hu/20120813/transylvanian-separatist-video-emerges/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013073003/https://politics.hu/20120813/transylvanian-separatist-video-emerges/ |archive-date=13 October 2012}}
  • Political party: Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party{{Cite web |date=2004 |title="Liga Transilvania-Banat a fuzionat cu PCD" |url=https://www.crisana.ro/stiri/magazin-12/opt-rude-ale-actritei-angelina-jolie-au-murit-in-ultimii-ani-cancerul-ii-bantuie-familia-8077.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.crisana.ro |language=ro-RO |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729131510/https://www.crisana.ro/stiri/magazin-12/opt-rude-ale-actritei-angelina-jolie-au-murit-in-ultimii-ani-cancerul-ii-bantuie-familia-8077.html }}
  • Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa,{{cite web|url=http://www.etd.ceu.hu/2007/filep_bela.pdf |title= Cooperating regionalist and autonomy movements in Europe | publisher = Central European University | year = 2007 | access-date= 30 March 2014}} Provincia, Autonomy for Transylvania{{cite web |trans-title=Petition for the autonomy of Transylvania, Cluj filed Prefecture |url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/proiecte-locale/petitie-pentru-autonomia-transilvaniei--depusa-la-prefectura-cluj-328819 |title = Petiție pentru autonomia Transilvaniei, depusă la Prefectura Cluj| publisher = Romania libera | language = ro | date = 12 March 2014 | access-date=30 March 2014}} Székely-Hungarian National Guard,{{Cite news |title=Romania Confronts Transylvanian Separatism |newspaper=United Church of God |date=July 1999 |url=https://www.ucg.org/world-news-and-prophecy/in-brief-romania-confronts-transylvanian-separatism}}{{Cite web |title=letter of protest from the command of the Székely-Hungarian National Guard |date=17 May 2010 |url=https://internetfigyelo.com/eros-rendorseg-helyett-eros-hadsereget/}}{{Cite web |title=Székely - Hungarian National Guard |url=http://www.szekelymagyarnemzetorseg.hu/cikkek.html }} Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată),{{cite web |date=21 March 2014 |title=De ce "Liga Transilvania Democrată" |trans-title=Why "Transylvania Democratic League" |url=http://www.neuerweg.ro/de-ce-liga-transilvania-democrata/ |access-date=15 June 2014 |publisher=Neuerweg |language=ro}}{{cite web |url=http://novatv.ro/2013/10/candidat-la-europarlamentare-in-lupta-pentru-autonomia-transilvaniei-dam-un-semnal-clar-pentru-politicienii-din-romania-si-ue/ |title=Liga Transilvania Democrată a mai anunțat că se va implica și din punct de vedere logistic pentru a obține numărul necesar de semnături |trans-title=Transylvania Democratic League announced that it will involve and logistically to get the required number of signatures | publisher = Nova TV | language = ro |date=15 October 2013 |access-date=15 June 2014}} League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană){{cite web |title=Program |url=http://www.ligabanateana.ro/program.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230234206/http://www.ligabanateana.ro/program.htm |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=20 June 2014 |publisher=Liga Banateana |language=ro}}{{cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/banatenii-vor-autonomie-economica-administrativa-acest-lucru-nu-inseamna-independenta-ruperea-romania-1_50ae7e167c42d5a6639d3941/index.html |trans-title=Economic and administrative autonomy of Banat: "This does not mean independence or breaking of Romania" | title=Bănățenii vor autonomie economică și administrativă: "Acest lucru nu înseamnă independența sau ruperea de România" | publisher= Adevărul | language = ro |date=29 October 2012 |access-date=20 June 2014}}

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Szekely Land.svg}} Székely Land

File:Tört Székelyföld.png seats on the map of present-day Romania|thumb|right]]

{{main|Székely autonomy movement}}

  • People: Székelys
  • Proposed autonomous area or state: {{Flagicon image|Flag of Szekely Land.svg}} Székely Land or unification with {{flag|Hungary}}
  • Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.{{cite web|trans-title=Barber's autonomy from the draft: ahem, that scared! |url=http://www.kronika.ro/erdelyi-hirek/borbely-az-autonomiatervezetrol-ejnye-hogy-megijedtunk | title =Borbély az autonómiatervezet ről: ejnye, hogy megijedtünk! |publisher= kronika | language = ro |date= 28 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014}} Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.{{cite web|url=http://itthon.transindex.ro/?hir=35851 |title=Jövő héten egyeztet az MPP és az RMDSZ az autonómia-tervezetről|publisher=transindex.ro |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014}} Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land.{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalia.info/en/news/1255 |title=Cultural autonomy and territorial federalism: two voting options for Hungarians in Transylvania|publisher= Nationalia |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014}} It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.{{cite web|url=http://kitekinto.hu/karpat-medence/2013/07/22/megalakult_a_partiumi_autonomia_tanacs/ |title = Megalakult a Partiumi Autonómia Tanács |work = Kitekintő.hu |trans-title=The formation of the Partium Council Autonomy | publisher= Kitekinto | language = hu |date=22 July 2013 | access-date = 20 June 2014}}
  • Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council{{cite web |url=http://sznt.sic.hu/en/ |title=Szekler National Council |place=Székely Land |access-date=12 April 2009 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216185415/http://sznt.sic.hu/en/ |url-status=dead }}

{{Flagicon image|Flag of Partium.svg}} Partium

  • People: Hungarians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Partium or unification with {{flag|Hungary}}
  • Advocacy organisations: Hungarian National Council of Transylvania{{cite web | trans-title = Open tender for the design of the Partium symbols |url=http://erdely.ma/palyazatok.php?id=165220&cim=nyilt_palyazat_a_partium_jelkepeinek_megtervezesere | title = Nyílt pályázat a Partium jelképeinek megtervezésére | publisher = Erdely | language = hu | date = 21 May 2013 | access-date = 20 June 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701110414/http://erdely.ma/palyazatok.php?id=165220&cim=nyilt_palyazat_a_partium_jelkepeinek_megtervezesere | archive-date = 1 July 2014 | df = dmy-all }}

Russia

{{Main|Separatism in Russia|Proposed federal subjects of Russia}}

{{See also|Separatism in Russia|List of active separatist movements in Asia#Russia||}}

Secessionist movements:

{{flagicon image|Flag of Adygea.svg}} Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia{{Cite journal |last=УЗНАРОДОВ |first=Д.И. |date=2019 |title=ЧЕРКЕССКИЙ ВОПРОС НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ: ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ |url=https://kbsu.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/uznarodov_kavkazologija_2019_3.pdf |journal=Caucasology |issue=3 |pages=222–236 |doi=10.31143/2542-212X-2019-3-222-239 |s2cid=211390612}}

{{Seealso|Circassian nationalism}}

File:Arkhangelsk Oblast (+Nenets Autonomous Okrug separated) in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Arkhangelsk Oblast.svg}} Arkhangelsk Oblast{{Cite journal |last=Шатилов |first=Александр Борисович |date=2021 |title=НОВЫЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СЕПАРАТИЗМ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (2014–2021 гг.) |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-regionalnyy-separatizm-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-2014-2021-gg |url-status=live |journal=Власть |volume=4 |pages=22–26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121185844/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-regionalnyy-separatizm-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-2014-2021-gg |archive-date=2023-01-21 |access-date=2023-01-21}}

File:Bashkortostan in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Bashkortostan.svg}} Bashkortostan

  • People: Bashkirs
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Bashkurdistan.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Committee of Bashkir Resistance.svg}} Bashkortostan{{cite web |last=Eltsov |first=Peter |date=3 August 2019 |title=The Best Way to Deal With Russia: Wait for It to Implode |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/03/russia-separatism-vladimir-putin-227498/ |access-date=9 October 2019 |website=Politico |language=en-US}}
  • Militant organisation: Committee of Bashkir Resistance,{{Cite web |last1=Relations |first1=Quinten JansenStudent at the Rijksuniversiteit studying International |last2=Politics |first2=Philosophy in |date=2022-11-14 |title=Bashkir Separatism Movement Fights Against Russia's War From Within |url=https://theowp.org/bashkir-separatism-movement-fights-against-russias-war-from-within/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Organization for World Peace |language=en-US}} Bashkir Company{{Cite web |date=2 December 2022 |title=В составе ВСУ появилось башкирское воинское подразделение |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32159081.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}
  • Advocacy groups: Bashkort movement, Bashkir National-Political Center,{{Cite news |title=Башкорты и башкирцы |url=https://region.expert/bashkorts/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |work=Регион.Эксперт |language=ru-RU}} Free Nations League

{{Flag|Chechnya}}

{{flagicon image|Flag of Dagestan.svg}} Dagestan

  • People: Dagestanis
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of the Dagestan protesters (2022).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Dagestan (anti-mobilization).svg}} Dagestan
  • Militant organization: Imam Shamil Dagestan Battalion
  • Advocacy group: Dagestani National Center,{{Cite web |title=Prigozhin's Rebellion and the North Caucasus |url=https://ridl.io/prigozhin-s-rebellion-and-the-north-caucasus/ |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Riddle Russia |language=en-GB}} Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus

{{flagicon image|Flag of Ingushetia.svg}} Ingushetia

{{flagicon image|Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg}} Kaliningrad Oblast{{Cite journal |last=Шатилов |first=Александр |date=2021 |title=НОВЫЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СЕПАРАТИЗМ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (2014-2021 ГГ.) |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-regionalnyy-separatizm-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-2014-2021-gg |journal=Власть |volume=4 |pages=22–26}}

  • People: Russian
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag baltic republican party.jpg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Königsberg (1800s–1906).svg}} Baltic Republic/Königsberg
  • Advocacy groups: Kaliningrad Public Movement, Respublika Movement{{Cite news |title=БРП: история с продолжением |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/brp-2/ |access-date=2023-04-14}} Free Nations League

File:Kalmykia in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Kalmykia.svg}} Republic of Kalmykia

File:Karelia in European Russia.svg]]

{{flag|Republic of Karelia}}{{Cite journal |last1=Излученко |first1=Татьяна |last2=Гергилев |first2=Денис |date=2021 |title=СЕПАРАТИЗМ КАК РАЗНОВИДНОСТЬ ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА: СОЦИАЛЬНО ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/separatizm-kak-raznovidnost-ekstremizma-sotsialno-filosofskiy-analiz |journal=Вестник Томского государственного университета |issue=427 |pages=30–37 |doi=10.17223/15617793/472/4 |s2cid=256656514|url-access=subscription }}

File:Krasnodar Krai in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg}} Krasnodar Krai

  • People: Cossacks{{Cite journal |last=Бредихин |first=А.В. |date=2016 |title=Казачий сепаратизм на юге России |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazachiy-separatizm-na-yuge-rossii/viewer |url-status=live |journal=Казачество |pages=36–44 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121144323/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazachiy-separatizm-na-yuge-rossii/viewer |archive-date=2023-01-21 |access-date=2023-01-21}}
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg}}Kuban
  • Advocacy groups: Members of the Free Nations League{{Cite web |last=Kond |first=Ragnar |title=Free Nations League holds first meeting in Estonia |url=https://news.err.ee/1609305813/free-nations-league-holds-first-meeting-in-estonia |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Eesti Rahvusringhääling|date=8 April 2024 }}

File:Leningrad Oblast in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Leningrad Oblast.svg}} Leningrad Oblast{{Cite journal |last1=Витковская |first1=Татьяна |last2=Назукина |first2=Мария |date=2021 |title=ТРАЕКТОРИИ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛИЗМА В РОССИИ: ОПЫТ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/traektorii-razvitiya-regionalizma-v-rossii-opyt-sverdlovskoy-oblasti-i-respubliki-tatarstan |journal=Мир России. Социология. Этнология |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=68–81}}

  • People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes
  • Proposed state: {{flag|Ingria}} or Republic of St. Petersburg{{Cite journal |last=Kotsiubinsky |first=Daniel |date=2019 |title=Символика петербургского регионализма: попытка создания новых городских символов и причины её неудачи в 1990-2000-х гг |url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42655364 |journal=Публичная политика |volume=3 |issue=1–2 |pages=89–110}}
  • Advocacy groups: Free Ingria, Ingria Without Borders{{Cite web |title="Я обязательно выучу названия этих 34 государств" В Европейском парламенте прошел "Форум свободных народов России". Его участники хотят разделить страну на несколько десятков государств. Репортаж "Медузы" |url=https://meduza.io/feature/2023/02/03/ya-obyazatelno-vyuchu-nazvaniya-etih-34-gosudarstv |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=Meduza |language=ru}}

{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Mari_El.svg}} Mari El{{Cite web |last=Наталія |date=2022-11-25 |title=IV Форум свободных народов постРоссии проведут в шведском Хельсингборге — что известно |url=https://uatv.ua/iv-forum-svobodnyh-narodov-post-rossii-provedut-v-shvedskom-helsingborge-chto-izvestno/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Freedom |language=ru-RU}}{{Cite journal |last=Иванов |first=Василий |date=2013 |title=Национал-сепаратизм в финно-угорских республиках РФ и зарубежный фактор |url=https://riss.ru/upload/iblock/e38/b2quozl1iato2kvwpw2lejhz5ispfabt/7d27609c84f24a878c5acb8c2d218f4e.pdf |journal=ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ |volume=6 |issue=21 |pages=95–100}}

  • People: Mari
  • Proposed federal subject or state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari El (2006).svg}}{{flagicon image|Mari Ushem flag.svg}} Mari El
  • Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural

{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Mordovia.svg}} Mordovia

  • People: Erzyas
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Erzya Flag.svg}} Erzyan Mastor{{Cite web |date=2019-05-02 |title=Эрзянь Мастор |url=https://idel-ural.org/archives/эрзянь-мастор/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Свободный Идель-Урал |language=ru-RU}}
  • Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Erzyan Mastor
  • People: Mokshas
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Moksha flag.png}} Mokshan state
  • Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Moksha Committee,{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Комитет мокшан в эмиграции заявил о желании объединиться с Эрзянским национальным движением в борьбе за независимость |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32212813.html&ved=2ahUKEwi8npyThNuIAxXRCBAIHWKyOK8QFnoECCgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0dwacyVFh0v1Nqhy_H9q8Z |website=Idel.Реалии}} Free Nations League

North Caucasian Federal District

  • People: Peoples of the Caucasus
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg}}{{flagicon image|Конфедерация народов Кавказа.png}}Confederation of the Northern Caucasus, United Caucasia
  • Advocacy groups: Chechen government in exile{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-03-21 |title=В Комитете ингушской независимости заявили, что не имеют отношения к проекту "Горской республики", представленной Закаевым |url=https://fortanga.org/2023/03/v-komitete-ingushskoj-nezavisimosti-zayavili-chto-ne-imeyut-otnosheniya-k-proektu-gorskoj-respubliki-predstavlennoj-zakaevym/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Новости Ингушетии Фортанга орг |language=ru-RU}}

thumb

{{flagicon image|Sami_flag.svg}} Sápmi

{{flagicon image|Flag of Tatarstan.svg}} Tatarstan

File:Rostov Oblast in European Russia.svg]]

{{flagicon image|Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg}} Rostov Oblast

{{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurtia.svg}} Udmurtia

  • People: Udmurts
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurtia.svg}} Udmurtia
  • Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural

Volga Federal District

  • People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts
  • Proposed state: {{flagicon image|Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg}} Idel-Ural Republic
  • Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural{{cite web |last=Goble |first=Paul |date=2018-03-24 |title=Free Idel-Ural Movement takes shape in Kyiv |url=http://euromaidanpress.com/2018/03/24/free-idel-ural-movement-takes-shape-in-kyiv/ |access-date=2019-09-16 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}

=Russian-occupied Ukraine=

{{Main|Ukrainian resistance in Russian-occupied Ukraine}}

{{flag|Republic of Crimea}} and {{flag|Sevastopol}}

  • People: Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums, pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
  • De jure subdivisions within Ukraine: {{flag|Autonomous Republic of Crimea}}, {{flag|Sevastopol}}
  • Proposed: {{flag|Crimean Tatars|name=Crimean Tatar}} independence or autonomy{{Cite web |date=2014-02-28 |title=Gelil Eserghep, președintele UDTTMR, despre situația tătarilor din Crimeea: "Nu ne dorim ca Peninsula Crimeea să devină a doua Transnistria" |url=https://m.ziuaconstanta.ro/stiri/actualitate/gelil-eserghep-presedintele-udttmr-despre-situatia-tatarilor-din-crimeea-nu-ne-dorim-ca-peninsula-crimeea-sa-devina-a-doua-transnistria-485884.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=ZIUA de Constanța |language=ro}} within unitary {{flag|Ukraine}}{{cite web |date=21 November 2019 |title=Crimean Tatar autonomy: Mejlis urges to introduce bills to Parliament |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/2822778-crimean-tatar-autonomy-mejlis-urges-to-introduce-bills-to-parliament.html |access-date=20 December 2020 |agency=Ukrinform}}
  • Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, Yellow Ribbon
  • Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine

{{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}, {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} (Annexed by Russia in 2022)

  • People: Ukrainians, Pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
  • De jure entities within Ukraine: {{flag|Donetsk Oblast}}, {{flag|Luhansk Oblast}}
  • Proposed: reunification with {{flag|Ukraine}}{{Cite web |date=2023-07-30 |title=Im Widerstand in der besetzten Ukraine: "Für die Russen sind wir Terroristen"|url=https://kurier.at/politik/ausland/ukraine-okkupation-widerstand-russland-yellow-ribbon-interview/402536812|access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.kurier.at |language=de}}
  • Advocacy organisations: Yellow Ribbon
  • Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine

File:Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast.svg Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, File:Flag_of_Kherson_Oblast_(Russia).svg Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, File:Flag of Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast.svg Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast,{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title='It was scary': acts of resistance in Russian-occupied Kherson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/19/it-was-scary-acts-of-resistance-in-russian-occupied-kherson-ukraine|access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.theguardian.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=В окупованому Куп'янську люди вийшли на мітинг за Україну|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/1/7327108/index.amp|access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.pravda.com.ua |language=uk}}{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/protests-held-russian-occupied-ukrainian-cities-kherson-energodar-and-berdyansk-1528616/|title=Ukraine war: Protests held in Russian occupied Ukrainian cities Kherson, Energodar and Berdyansk|date=20 March 2022|publisher=inews}}

Serbia

File:Kosovo_and_Metohija_in_Serbia.svg

File:Vojvodina_in_Serbia.svg

; Secessionist movements

{{KOS}}

{{Main|International recognition of Kosovo}}

;Autonomist movements

{{flagicon|Vojvodina}} Vojvodina

{{Main|Vojvodina Autonomist Movement}}

  • Proposal: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia
  • Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina{{Cite web |title=Нови Сад со сепаратистички натписи: "Плоштад на Република Војводина" |url=https://sitel.com.mk/novi-sad-so-separatistichki-natpisi-ploshtad-na-republika-vojvodina |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Сител Телевизија |language=mk}}{{Cite web |last=Васељенска |date=2023-03-03 |title=СКАНДАЛ СВИ СЕПАРАТИСТИ НА ЈЕДНОМ МЕСТУ: На протесту подршке "храбрим тужитељкама" промоција НЕЗАВИСНЕ Војводине (ФОТО) |url=https://vaseljenska.net/2023/03/03/skandal-svi-separatisti-na-jednom-mestu-na-protestu-podrske-hrabrim-tuziteljkama-promocija-nezavisne-vojvodine-foto/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Васељенска ТВ |language=sr-RS}}{{Cite web |title=Драган Веселинов: Грађани Војводине би изгласали независност да је припреман референдум; Ко год је хтео србијанску шајкачу, нај*** је |url=http://www.nspm.rs/hronika/dragan-veselinov-gradjani-vojvodine-bi-izglasali-nezavisnost-da-je-pripreman-referendum-ko-god-je-hteo-srbijansku-sajkacu-naj***-je.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Нова српска политичка мисао |language=sr-rs}}{{Cite web |title=ДАЧИЋ: Чанак да се не игра, Војводина није Каталонија |url=https://iskra.co/srbija/dacic-canak-da-se-ne-igra-vojvodina-nije-katalonija/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=ИСКРА}}

{{Main|Hungarian Regional Autonomy}}

{{flagicon image|Bosniak National Flag in Sandzak.svg}} Sandžak

Preševo Valley

  • People: Albanians in Serbia
  • Proposal: territorial autonomy for Albanians in the Preševo Valley{{Cite web|url=https://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/467759/Albanski-separatizam-jos-tinja-na-jugu-Srbije|title=Албански сепаратизам још тиња на југу Србије|first=Александар|last=Бојовић|website=Politika Online}}
  • Political parties: Party for Democratic Action, Albanian Coalition of Preševo Valley{{Cite web|url=https://fbreporter.org/2015/09/12/%d1%81%d0%b5%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bc-%d1%83-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%b2%d1%83-%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%98%d0%b5%d0%b4/|title=СЕПАРАТИЗАМ: У Прешеву основана Заједница албанских општина (ЗАО), без Медвеђе|work=СРБски ФБРепортер |date=12 September 2015}}

Slovakia

File:Slovakia 2011 Language.png

;Autonomist movements

{{flagicon image|Flag of Felvidék (2015 proposal).svg}} Southern Slovakia:

  • People: Hungarians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,{{cite web|url=http://www.bumm.sk/archivum/2013/07/20/84738_berenyi-a-tombnek-teruleti-a-szorvanynak-kulturalis-autonomiat |title=Berényi: A tömbnek területi, a szórványnak kulturális autonómiát |publisher=bumm.sk |date=20 July 2013 |access-date=29 March 2014}} or unification with {{flag|Hungary}}
  • Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community,{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.hu/20130417/head-of-party-for-ethnic-hungarians-in-slovakia-says-autonomy-necessary-for-minoritys-survival/ |title=Head of party for ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia says autonomy necessary for minority's survival |publisher=politics.hu |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=3 April 2014}} In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.{{cite web|url=http://www.mkp.sk/cikkek/2013/04/16/felvideki-onrendelkezes-kilatasairol-autonomia-albizottsag-ulesen |title=A felvidéki önrendelkezés kilátásairól az autonómia albizottság ülésén |publisher=mkp.sk |date=16 April 2013 |access-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330004540/http://www.mkp.sk/cikkek/2013/04/16/felvideki-onrendelkezes-kilatasairol-autonomia-albizottsag-ulesen |archive-date=30 March 2014 }}

Spain

{{Further|National and regional identity in Spain}}

{{See also|List of active separatist movements in Africa#Spain}}

File:Separatismos na Espanha.svg with autonomist or separatist movements]]

File:Paisos catalans.svg

;Secessionist movements

{{Flagicon|Basque Country}} Basque Country (autonomous community) and {{Flag|Navarre}}

{{Main|Basque nationalism|Basque independence}}

{{Flag|Catalonia}}{{cite web|title=Catalan independence: Five years on from referendum, is there any hope for separatists?|date=October 2022 |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/10/01/catalonia-independence-is-there-any-hope-for-separatists-five-years-after-failed-referendu}}

{{Main|Catalan nationalism|Catalan independence|Catalan independence referendum, 2017|Catalan declaration of independence}}

{{Flagicon|Galicia}} Galicia{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/galicia-spains-forgotten-stateless-nation/|title=Galicia: Spain's forgotten stateless nation|website=openDemocracy}}

{{Main|Galicianism|Galician nationalism|Galician independence}}

{{Flagicon|Valencian Community}} Valencia

{{Main|Valencianism|Valencian nationalism|Catalan nationalism}}

  • People: Valencians – Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
  • Proposed state: {{Flagicon image|Senyera del nacionalisme valencià.svg}} Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
  • Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
  • political party (Pro Catalan): Popular Unity Candidacy
  • Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.[http://independenciavalenciana.blogspot.com Independència Valenciana] (Valencian){{cite web|url=http://www.valenciafreedom.com/es/noticias/inicio.html|title=Noticias - Valenciafreedom - La web que lucha contra la imposicion catalanista|website=valenciafreedom.com|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-date=27 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527122933/http://www.valenciafreedom.com/es/noticias/inicio.html|url-status=dead}}
  • Youth advocacy groups: Arran
  • Student movement: AGIR

{{Flag|Aragon}}{{cite web|title=Wha's Like Us: The independence movements of Spain|date=28 August 2017 |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/15499469.whas-like-us-the-independence-movements-of-spain/}}

{{Flag|Balearic Islands}}{{cite web|title=Garriga (Vox): «El plan separatista de Cataluña ha llegado a Baleares|date=16 May 2023 |url=https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/elecciones-28m/2023/05/16/1937925/garriga-vox-plan-separatista-cataluna-llegado-baleares.html}}

{{Flag|Andalusia}}{{cite web|title=Vox pide que el Parlamento andaluz exprese su apoyo a la Guardia Civil frente a los "terroristas" del "separatismo"|date=9 October 2019 |url=https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/noticia-vox-pide-declaracion-institucional-parlamento-apoyo-guardia-civil-frente-terroristas-separatismo-20191009130119.html}}

{{main article|Andalusian nationalism}}

{{Flag|Asturias}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/asturias/2019/10/01/cinco-vallas-identifican-oficialidad-separatismo/00031569918663997512357.htm|title=Cinco vallas que identifican oficialidad con separatismo|website=www.lavozdeasturias.es|date=October 2019 }}

;Autonomist movements

Cartagena

{{Flagicon image|Bandera del País Leonés.svg}} León

  • People: Leonese
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{Flagicon image|Bandera del País Leonés.svg}} Leonese region
  • Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL
  • Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa{{cite web |last=Llionesa |first=Ruchar Mocedá |date=18 April 2016 |title=Ruchar Mocedá Llionesa: Presentación RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa |url=http://mocedallionesa.blogspot.com.es/2016/04/presentacion-ruchar-moceda-llionesa.html |access-date=2016-09-09 |website=Ruchar Mocedá Llionesa}}

Province of Granada{{cite web|title=La mayoría de granadinos estarían a favor de dividir Andalucía en dos, según una encuesta|date=10 January 2022 |url=https://www.granadadigital.es/mayoria-granadinos-almerienses-a-favor-dividir-andalucia-en-dos/}}

  • proposed: Breaking the Province of Granada from Andalusia as a separate autonomous community
  • political party: Juntos por Granada{{cite web|title=César Girón, ideólogo del 'Granadexit' y único candidato a la Junta que no se siente andaluz|date=17 June 2022 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/andalucia/2022-06-17/cesar-giron-juntos-por-granada-entrevista_3435821/}}

Sweden

File:Sami Language Recognition.jpg

{{flagicon image|Sami_flag.svg}} Sápmi

File:Sverigekarta-Landskap Skåne.svg

{{flagicon image|Banner of Arms of Scania.svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Scania (alt).svg}} Scania

Switzerland

{{Main|Languages of Switzerland}}

{{multiple image

|image1 = Les districts jurassiens.png

|image2 = Map Languages CH.png

|caption1 = The seven Jura districts in Switzerland

|caption2 = The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map

}}

;Autonomist movements

{{flagicon image|Flag of Canton of Jura.svg}} Jura region

{{see also|Jura separatism}}

  • People: Jurassien (French-speaking)
  • Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of Bernese Jura and the Laufen District with the {{flagicon image|Flag of Canton of Jura.svg}} Canton of Jura
  • Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement),{{cite web|url=http://www.maj.ch/mouvements |title=Mouvement autonomiste jurassien |trans-title=Jura autonomist movement |language=fr |publisher=Maj.ch |access-date=23 June 2015}} Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement){{cite web|url=http://www.groupebelier.ch/|title=Groupe Bélier – Mouvement de lutte pour l'Unité du Jura|trans-title=Aries Group – Movement struggling for Jura Unity|language=fr|publisher=Groupebelier.ch |date=14 March 2015|access-date=23 June 2015}}

{{Flag|Ticino}}{{cite web|title=Regionalism and Euroscepticism|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348704157}}{{cite web|title=Regionalist Movements in Contemporary Switzerland: Ticino and Bernese Jura Cases|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354096943}}

Ukraine

File:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg]]

File:Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG

{{Main|Russo-Ukrainian War|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

{{flag|Autonomous Republic of Crimea}} and {{flag|Sevastopol}}

{{Main|Political status of Crimea}}

  • People: Russians in Ukraine, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums
  • Proposed: {{flag|Republic of Crimea}} and {{flag|Sevastopol}} independence or autonomy{{Cite web |date=2014-02-28 |title=Gelil Eserghep, președintele UDTTMR, despre situația tătarilor din Crimeea: "Nu ne dorim ca Peninsula Crimeea să devină a doua Transnistria" |url=https://m.ziuaconstanta.ro/stiri/actualitate/gelil-eserghep-presedintele-udttmr-despre-situatia-tatarilor-din-crimeea-nu-ne-dorim-ca-peninsula-crimeea-sa-devina-a-doua-transnistria-485884.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=ZIUA de Constanța |language=ro}} within unitary {{flag|Ukraine}}, or unification with {{flag|Russia}} (pro-Russian ethnic Russians){{cite web |date=21 November 2019 |title=Crimean Tatar autonomy: Mejlis urges to introduce bills to Parliament |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/2822778-crimean-tatar-autonomy-mejlis-urges-to-introduce-bills-to-parliament.html |access-date=20 December 2020 |agency=Ukrinform}}
  • Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, State Council of Crimea, Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol

{{flag|Donetsk Oblast}}, {{flag|Luhansk Oblast}}

File:Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast.svg Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, File:Flag_of_Kherson_Oblast_(Russia).svg Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, File:Flag of Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast.svg Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast{{Citation |title=Pro-Russian Protesters Declare 'People's Republic' In Kharkiv |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-separatists-declare-republic/25325304.html |language=en |access-date=2022-07-16}}

{{Main|Regionalism in Ukraine|Rusyns#Autonomist and separatist movement}}

File:Flag of Rusyns 2007.svg Carpathian Ruthenia{{Cite web |date=2019-07-19 |title=Ukraine Accuses Hungarian Advocacy Org of Separatism |url=https://hungarytoday.hu/ukraine-accuses-cultural-alliance-hungarians-sub-carpathia-separatism/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Hungary Today |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian Statehood at Risk: The Kremlin's Secessionist Plans |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/ukrainian-statehood-risk-kremlins-secessionist-plans |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |date=19 April 2022 |language=en}}{{Cite news |title=Ukrainian News |url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/158450.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029002658/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/158450.html |archive-date=29 October 2008 }}{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=Foreign interference in the Zakarpattia region of Ukraine: The 2019 elections and beyond |url=https://neweasterneurope.eu/2020/05/06/foreign-interference-in-the-zakarpattia-region-of-ukraine-the-2019-elections-and-beyond/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |magazine=New Eastern Europe - A bimonthly news magazine dedicated to Central and Eastern European affairs |language=en-GB}}

  • People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine, File:The flag of the Ruhenian Ethnic Minority Council.png Rusyns{{Cite web|url=http://okruhly-stol.sk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/rusynska_symbolika_final.pdf|title=Rusyn National Symbology}}
  • Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary {{flag|Ukraine}} or unification with {{flag|Hungary}}{{Cite news |last=Higgins |first=Andrew |date=2018-10-05 |title=At War With Russia in East, Ukraine Has Worries in the West, Too |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/05/world/europe/ukraine-hungary-ethnic-languages.html |access-date=2022-10-23 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |date=2015-09-30 |title=Zakarpattia – together, but separated |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2015-09-30/zakarpattia-together-separated |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies |language=en}}
  • Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns{{Cite web |title=Русины Закарпатья требуют признания своей национальности и автономии края через диалог - ТАСС |url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/1828915 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=TACC}}", "Opposition Bloc" (partially), "Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations.{{Cite web |date=2021-12-02 |title=Гибридная война: этнический фактор русинов Закарпатья. Аналитика ИС » Інтернет-видання Світловодськ |url=http://svetlovodsk.com.ua/8964-sbu.html?fb_comment_id=849331198505739_849332888505570 |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202011243/http://svetlovodsk.com.ua/8964-sbu.html?fb_comment_id=849331198505739_849332888505570 |archive-date=2 December 2021 }}{{Cite web |date=2014-12-22 |title=Дмитрий Сидор отказался давать показания СБУ и "наехал"на журналистов {{!}} УЖГОРОД - ОКНО В ЕВРОПУ - UA-REPORTER.COM |url=http://www.ua-reporter.com/novosti/42228 |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222155124/http://www.ua-reporter.com/novosti/42228 |archive-date=22 December 2014 }}{{Cite web |date=2014-12-22 |title=ПОЛІТИЧНЕ РУСИНСТВО І ЙОГО СПОНСОРИ НАДЗВИЧАЙНО ЦІКАВІ НЕ ТІЛЬКИ ДЛЯ ЗАКАРПАТТЯ {{!}} УЖГОРОД - ОКНО В ЕВРОПУ - UA-REPORTER.COM |url=http://www.ua-reporter.com/content/58928 |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222160643/http://www.ua-reporter.com/content/58928 |archive-date=22 December 2014 }}{{Cite news |date=2016-03-03 |title=Україна в лещатах російських спецслужб |newspaper=Радіо Свобода |url=http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/24433107.html |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185729/http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/24433107.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |last1=Гвать |first1=Іван }}{{Cite web |date=2009-03-27 |title=The Rusyn Question in Ukraine: Sorting out Fact from Fiction |url=https://www.taraskuzio.net/Nation%20and%20State%20Building_files/national-rusyns.pdf |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327140741/https://www.taraskuzio.net/Nation%20and%20State%20Building_files/national-rusyns.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2009 }}{{Cite web |date=2006-09-10 |title=Political and Ethno-Cultural Aspects of the Rusyns' Problem |url=https://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.pdf?type=pdf&serial=1036425198529 |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910222404/https://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.pdf?type=pdf&serial=1036425198529 |archive-date=10 September 2006 }} "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor (now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)) {{Cite web|url=https://svetlovodsk.com.ua/8964-sbu.html|title=Гибридная война: этнический фактор русинов Закарпатья. Аналитика ИС|website=Інтернет-видання Світловодськ}}{{Cite news |title='Nobody here is asking to leave Ukraine': Minorities see Russian meddling |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/5/4/ukraines-minority-groups-see-russian-provocations.html |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=america.aljazeera.com}}{{Cite web |title=A new deepened conflict in the heart of Europe? – TudományON |url=https://tudomanyon.hu/a-new-deepened-conflict-in-the-heart-of-europe/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |language=hu}}{{Cite web |last=Mirovalev |first=Mansur |date=2020-08-03 |title=More Separatist Rumblings Cloud Ukraine's Future |url=https://whowhatwhy.org/politics/international/more-separatist-rumblings-cloud-ukraines-future/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=WhoWhatWhy |language=en}}

United Kingdom

{{Main|Separatism in the United Kingdom|Federalism in the United Kingdom|Countries of the United Kingdom|Potential breakup of the United Kingdom}}

{{See also|Devolution in the United Kingdom|List of active separatist movements in Africa#United Kingdom}}

File:Uk-countries-labeled.gif

File:Map of the administrative geography of the United Kingdom.png

;Major movements

{{flag|England}}

{{main|English independence}}

{{See also|English nationalism|English independence|Devolved English parliament}}

  • People: English
  • Proposed state or autonomous region: {{flag|England}}
  • Political parties: English Democrats,{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-26583314 |title=English Democrats seek independence for England |website=BBC News|access-date=27 February 2016}} English Constitution Party{{cite news | url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/20797435.york-english-constitution-party-campaigns-parliament-street/ | title=English independence group campaign for English parliament in York | date=27 August 2022 }}{{cite web | url=https://yorkmix.com/watch-english-nationalists-march-through-the-city-demanding-a-parliament-in-york/ | title=Watch: English nationalists march through the city demanding a parliament in York | date=27 August 2022 }}
  • Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament

Northern Ireland

{{main|Ulster nationalism}}

{{See also|Irish nationalism|Irish republicanism|United Ireland|Ulster Independence Movement|The Troubles|Dissident Irish Republican campaign}}

  • People: Irish, Northern Irish (Nationalists)
  • Proposed state: Re-unification with {{flag|Ireland}} or independence{{cite web|title=Neither British nor Irish rule: arguments for Northern Ireland independence in Unionist political thought|date=13 December 2021 |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/northern-ireland-independence/}}{{cite news|title=Northern Ireland and Scotland Are on a Long Road Out of the UK|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/northern-ireland-and-scotland-are-on-a-long-road-out-of-the-uk/2023/02/24/7e83f914-b465-11ed-94a0-512954d75716_story.html}}
  • Political parties: Sinn Féin,{{cite news |last=Fenton |date=24 June 2016 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-northern-ireland-eu-referendum-result-latest-live-border-poll-united-martin-mcguinness-a7099276.html |title=Northern Ireland's Deputy First Minister calls for poll on united Ireland after Brexit |work=The Independent |first=Siobhan |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215070034/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-northern-ireland-eu-referendum-result-latest-live-border-poll-united-martin-mcguinness-a7099276.html |archive-date=15 December 2016 |url-status=live }} Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú,{{cite news |date= 27 July 2019 |title= SDLP councillor quits to join Aontú |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/health/sdlp-councillor-quits-to-join-aontu-1-9013617 |work= News Letter |access-date= 25 September 2019 |archive-date= 25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925173416/https://www.newsletter.co.uk/health/sdlp-councillor-quits-to-join-aontu-1-9013617 |url-status= dead }}{{cite news |last= Kelly |first= Ben |date= 11 February 2019 |title= The Irish parties reaching across the border towards a new era for nationalism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/irish-border-nationalism-parties-sdlp-fianna-fail-sinn-fein-toibin-aontu-fine-gael-a8773426.html |work= The Independent |access-date= 25 September 2019}} People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers' Party of Ireland
  • Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA{{cite web|author=Connla Young |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2018/01/26/news/republican-groups-have-no-plans-o-nh-ceasefire-style-ceasefire-1242024/ |title=Republican groups have no plans for ÓNH-style ceasefire |work=The Irish News |date=26 January 2018 |access-date=2018-09-22}}

{{flag|Scotland}}

{{See also|Scottish nationalism|Scottish independence|Scottish independence referendum 2014|Proposed second Scottish independence referendum|Devolution in Scotland}}

{{flag|Wales}}

{{See also|Welsh nationalism|Welsh independence}}

;Minor movements

{{flag|Cornwall}}{{Cite web|url=https://dlv.prospect.gcpp.io/politics/37552/why-cornish-independence-could-be-no-joke|title=Why Cornish independence could be no joke|first=Nadia|last=Leigh-Hewitson|website=dlv.prospect.gcpp.io}}

{{See also|Cornish nationalism|Cornish devolution|Constitutional status of Cornwall|Cornish Assembly}}

File:Cornwall UK locator map 2010.svg]]

  • People: Cornish
  • Proposed state or autonomous region: {{flag|Cornwall}} (including the Isles of Scilly)
  • Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
  • Political parties: Mebyon Kernow, Cornish Nationalist Party, Green Party of England and Wales,{{cite news|title=Green Party will support calls for a Cornish Assembly|url=http://www.cornishguardian.co.uk/Green-Party-support-calls-Cornish-Assembly/story-21073305-detail/story.html|newspaper=The Cornish Guardian|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014|archive-date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508223547/http://www.cornishguardian.co.uk/Green-Party-support-calls-Cornish-Assembly/story-21073305-detail/story.html|url-status=dead}} Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats{{cite news|title=Liberal Democrats vote for Cornish Assembly|author=Graeme Demianyk|url=http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/Liberal-Democrats-vote-Cornish-Assembly/story-20789336-detail/story.html|newspaper=The Western Morning News|date=10 March 2014|access-date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090513/http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/Liberal-Democrats-vote-Cornish-Assembly/story-20789336-detail/story.html|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.libdems.org.uk/spring_conference_2014|title=Spring Conference 2014|work=Liberal Democrats |date=3 September 2014|access-date=29 June 2015}}
    Communist Party of Britain (Autonomy){{cite web | url=https://www.communistparty.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Communist-Party-Progressive-federalism-4.pdf | title=Communist Party of Britain - Website of the Communist Party of Britain | date=18 April 2025 }}

Northern England{{cite web|title=Talking about Northern Independence with Luke Blayock|url=https://www.thefourthfloor.co.uk/society/do4qcu1kfq1yssav7m8655sqcsvs6e}}

{{See also|Devolution to the North of England|North–South divide in the United Kingdom}}

File:Northern England.svg]]

  • People: Northerners
  • Proposed state: {{flag|Northumbria}} or greater autonomy within the United Kingdom.
  • Advocacy group: Campaign for the North (Devo-Max){{Cite magazine |date=2014-10-06 |title=An all-party pressure group plans to re-create the ancient kingdom of Northumbria as a federal state in a new United Kingdom |magazine=The Lancashire magazine |url=http://www.thelancashiremagazine.co.uk/news/north-west/campaign-for-the-north-wants-the-lost-kingdom-of-eric-bloodaxe/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006130546/http://www.thelancashiremagazine.co.uk/news/north-west/campaign-for-the-north-wants-the-lost-kingdom-of-eric-bloodaxe/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}{{Cite news |date=2014-10-18 |title=Ex-MP pushes for northern parliament - Blackpool Gazette |url=http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/news/community/community-news/ex-mp-pushes-for-northern-parliament-1-6879899 |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018204650/http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/news/community/community-news/ex-mp-pushes-for-northern-parliament-1-6879899 |archive-date=18 October 2014 }}
  • Political parties: Northern Independence Party{{Cite news |last=Niven |first=Alex |date=2021-04-03 |title=Is the Northern Independence party more serious than it looks? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/03/northern-independence-party-electoral-british-politics |access-date=2023-07-12 |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |title=The curious case of the Northern Independence Party and the future of the British Left |url=https://www.thecourieronline.co.uk/the-curious-case-of-the-northern-independence-party-and-the-future-of-the-british-left/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=The Courier Online |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |date=2020-11-03 |title=An independent north? What an England severed in two might look like |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/independent-north-england-devolution-yorkshire-manchester-north-east-b1481784.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=The Independent |language=en}}

London{{cite web|title=The case for London’s independence|url=https://www.oxfordstudent.com/2024/04/28/the-case-for-londons-independence/#google_vignette}}

{{Main|London independence}}

  • People: Londoners
  • Proposed state: London
  • Political party: File:Flag of Greater London.svg File:Flag of the City of London.svg Londonpendence Party{{cite news | url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/live/eu-referendum/londependence/ | title='Londependence' May be a Dream, but More Autonomy for the City is Not | date=28 June 2016 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brexit-latest-london-independence-time-to-leave-uk-eu-referendum-sadiq-khan-boris-johnson-a7100601.html | title=It's time for London to leave the UK | website=Independent.co.uk | date=25 June 2016 }}{{cite web | url=http://www.london24.com/news/politics/londoners_call_for_independence_from_uk_1_4591200 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625122929/http://www.london24.com/news/politics/londoners_call_for_independence_from_uk_1_4591200 | archive-date=25 June 2016 | title=Londoners call for independence from UK - Politics - London 24 | work=London 24 | last1=Hedges-Stocks | first1=Zoah }}{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Dave |date=2022-12-07 |title=Independence for London? The case for, the case against - and the choice of national anthem |url=https://www.onlondon.co.uk/independence-for-london-the-case-for-the-case-against-and-the-choice-of-national-anthem/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=OnLondon |language=en-GB}}

;Autonomist movements

Canvey Island

  • People: Canvey Islanders
  • Proposed autonomous area: Canvey Island
  • Political Parties: Canvey Island Independent Party{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/residents-of-canvey-island-in-essex-plot-catalanstyle-revolt-from-mainland-a3660471.html|title=Residents of Canvey Island in Essex plot 'Catalan-style' revolt from mainland|date=17 October 2017}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/first-catalonia-next-canvey-island-vtg8xs0br|title = First Catalonia, next Canvey Island}}{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/canvey-island-independence-bid-essex-thames-push-ahead-catalonia-a8002866.html|title=Canvey Island wants independence from mainland Britain|website=The Independent|date=16 October 2017}}

{{flag|Shetland}}

  • People: People of Shetland
  • Proposed autonomous area: {{flag|Shetland}}
  • Advocacy group: Wir Shetland
  • Political Parties: Shetland Movement, Orkney and Shetland Movement, Scottish Green Party{{cite web|title=Shetland autonomy gets seal of approval from the greens|date=30 October 2023 |url=https://www.shetnews.co.uk/2023/10/30/shetland-autonomy-gets-seal-of-approval-from-the-greens/}}

{{Flag|Wessex}}{{cite web|title=Wessex not accepted into Devolution Priority Programme|url=https://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/article/11627/Wessex-not-accepted-into-Devolution-Priority-Programme}}

  • People: People of Wessex
  • Proposed: autonomy for Wessex
  • Political party: Wessex Regionalists
  • Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention{{cite web|title=The Case for Wessex|url=http://www.zyworld.com/wessexsociety/caseforwessex.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220054322/http://www.zyworld.com/wessexsociety/caseforwessex.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2006 }}{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-29742648_ITM | title=Let's run our own affairs in Wessex |agency=Europe Intelligence Wire| date=February 23, 2007 |work=Western Daily Press}}{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23435494_ITM | title=Autonomy for Wessex in UK. |agency=Europe Intelligence Wire| date=March 26, 2007 |work=Western Daily Press}}{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23295651_ITM | title=All hail Wessex region.|agency=Europe Intelligence Wire| date=May 16, 2003 |work=Bristol Evening Post}}

{{Flag|Orkney Islands}}

  • People: Orkney islanders
  • Proposed: Autonomy within the United Kingdom{{cite web|title=First Brexit, now Orxit? Politicians on Scotland's Orkney Islands vote to explore more autonomy|website=Associated Press News |date=4 July 2023 |url=https://apnews.com/article/orkney-islands-scotland-norway-inependence-2fc9903bbd5df7251b52be74dabeb6bf}} or self governance under Norway{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title=Orkney proposals to become territory of Norway |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-66066448 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |date=2017-02-28 |title=Orkney steps up calls for more autonomy |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-39116112 |access-date=2023-07-12}}
  • Advocacy group: Orkney Council
  • Political Parties: Orkney and Shetland Movement

;Separatist movements of dependent territories

{{Flag|Gibraltar}}

  • Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
  • Proposed state: {{Flag|Gibraltar}}
  • Political party: Liberal Party of Gibraltar,{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberal.gi/|title=The Liberal Party of Gibraltar|website=www.liberal.gi}}{{cite web | url=https://www.liberal.gi/aims.php | title=The Liberal Party of Gibraltar }} Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/26/world/advocate-of-independence-wins-in-gibraltar.html | title=Advocate of Independence Wins in Gibraltar | work=The New York Times | date=26 March 1988 }}{{cite journal|author=Hon. J. J. Bossano |title=The Decolonization of Gibraltar |journal=Fordham International Law Journal|volume=18|issue=5|year=1994|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2558&context=ilj}}

{{Flag|Isle of Man}}{{cite news|title= Wha's Like Us: The independence movements of England|date= 28 August 2017|url= https://www.thenational.scot/news/15499621.whas-like-us-the-independence-movements-of-england/}}

{{main article|Manx nationalism}}

File:Kingdom of Mann and the Isles-en.svg about the year 1100]]

File:Europe-Isle of Man.svg]]

See also

{{portal|Europe|Politics}}

{{Clear}}

References

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

External links

  • {{Citation | contribution-url = http://www.alandsframtid.ax/images/Politiskaprogram/F%20valmanifest%202011.pdf | contribution = Manifest | year = 2011 | title = Politiskaprogram | trans-title = Political program | publisher = Ålands framtid | place = AX | access-date = 21 June 2014 | archive-date = 4 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180904024133/http://alandsframtid.ax/images/Politiskaprogram/F%20valmanifest%202011.pdf | url-status = dead }}.
  • [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/29/spain-iraq-secession-madrid-catalonia From Spain to Iraq, states have to see that suppressing secession won't work]
  • [https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/disintegration-of-britain-and-spain-both-possible-1.3255451 Disintegration of Britain and Spain both possible]

{{Stateless nationalism in Europe}}

{{Separatist movements per continent}}

{{Secession in Countries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Europe, List Of}}

Separatist Movements, Active, List Of

Separatist Movements, Active

Europe

Separatist Movements in Europe, Active