Outline of Israel
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to Israel}}
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Israel:
Israel – country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The State of Israel (Medinat Yisrael) came into existence as the homeland for the Jewish people at the termination of Mandatory British Palestine on 14 May 1948, through the Israeli Declaration of Independence.{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel |date=14 May 1948 |access-date=16 April 2012}}
This was followed by massive migration of Jews from both Europe and the Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, contributing to the extensive and still ongoing Arab–Israeli conflict.
Israel's financial capital and technology center is Tel Aviv{{cite web |title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2008 |work=Globalization and World Cities Research Network |access-date=1 March 2009 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html}} and the proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.{{cite news|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=32762#.Vbpy5flVhBc|title=Jerusalem must be capital of both Israel and Palestine, Ban says|author=United Nations News Centre|work=UN News Centre|date=28 October 2009|access-date=30 July 2015}}{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm |title=Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel |publisher=Knesset.gov.il |access-date=14 October 2013}} About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world.{{cite report |author=DellaPergola, Sergio |date=2015 |title=World Jewish Population, 2015 |url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3394 |publisher=Berman Jewish DataBank |access-date=12 September 2016}}
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General reference
- Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|r|eɪ|əl|,_|-|r|i|-}}
- Common English country name: Israel
- Official English country name: The State of Israel
- Common endonym(s): Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל (formal {{IPA|ˌjisräˈʔel}}; colloquial {{IPA|ˌʔisräˈel}}); Arabic: إسْرائيلُ ({{IPA|ˌʔɪsraːˈʔiːl}})
- Official endonym(s): Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (formal {{IPA|mədiˌnät jisräˈʔel}}; colloquial {{IPA|mediˌnät‿isräˈel}}); Arabic: دَوْلَةُ إسْرائيلَ ({{IPA|ˌdɑwlæt(ʊ) ʔɪsraːˈʔiːl}})
- Adjectival(s): Israeli
- Etymology: Name of Israel
- International rankings of Israel
- 151st largest country
- 96th most populous country
- ISO country codes: IL, ISR, 376
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IL
- Internet country code top-level domain: .il
Geography of Israel
- Israel is: a country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Asia
- Southwest Asia
- Middle East
- The Levant
- Extreme points of Israel
- High: Har Meron {{convert|1208|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Low: Dead Sea {{convert|-412|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} – lowest point on the surface of the Earth
- Time zone: Israel Standard Time (UTC+02), Israel Summer Time (UTC+03)
- Population of Israel: (May 2008) Total: 7,282,000 peopleSource: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics [http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2007/table3.pdf]. Note: Includes over 200,000 people in East Jerusalem, about 270,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, and about 20,000 in the Golan Heights (July 2007 estimate) - 96th most populous country
- Area of Israel: {{convert|22072|km2|abbr=on}} (Including the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem) - 151st largest country
- Atlas of Israel
= Environment of Israel =
Image:Satellite image of Israel in January 2003.jpg and surrounding areas]]
- Climate of Israel
- Ecology of Israel
- Ecoregions in Israel
- Renewable energy in Israel
- Geology of Israel
- Green building in Israel
- National parks of Israel
- Protected areas of Israel
- Wildlife of Israel
- Flora of Israel
- Fauna of Israel
- Birds of Israel
- Mammals of Israel
- Zalul Environmental Association
== Natural geographic features of Israel ==
= Regions of Israel =
== Ecoregions of Israel ==
== Administrative divisions of Israel ==
Administrative divisions of Israel
- Districts of Israel (6)
- Subdistricts of Israel (15)
- Natural regions of Israel (50)
- Municipalities of Israel
=== Districts of Israel ===
=== Subdistricts of Israel ===
=== Natural regions of Israel ===
=== Municipalities of Israel ===
- Cities of Israel
- Capital of Israel: Jerusalem and largest city in area and population.
- Tel Aviv - Israel's commercial center.
- Haifa - largest city of northern Israel and a major seaport.
- Beersheba - largest city of southern Israel.
- Eilat - Israel's southernmost city and only port on the Red Sea.
- Local councils
- Regional councils
= Demography of Israel =
Government and politics of Israel
- Form of government: parliamentary representative democratic republic
- Capital of Israel: Jerusalem
- Elections in Israel
- {{Hlist| 1949| 1951| 1955| 1959| 1961| 1965| 1969| 1973| 1977| 1981| 1984| 1988| 1992| 1996| 1999| 2003| 2006| 2009| 2013| 2015|2019 (Apr)|2019 (Sept)|2020|2021|2022}}
- Political parties in Israel
- Political scandals of Israel
- Taxation in Israel
= Branches of the government of Israel =
== Executive branch of the government of Israel ==
- Head of state: President of Israel, Isaac Herzog
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Israel, Naftali Bennett
- Governments of Israel
- {{Hlist | Provisional | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |36}}
== Legislative branch of the government of Israel ==
== Judicial branch of the government of Israel ==
- The Supreme Court of Israel serves as an appellate court, High Court of Justice and constitutional court
- District Courts serve as appellate courts and also serve as courts of first instance for some cases
- Magistrate Courts serve as the court of first instance; some magistrate courts deal with specific affairs
- Separate systems, which include religious courts, military courts, labor courts
= Foreign relations of Israel =
== International organization membership ==
International organization membership of Israel
Israel is a member of:{{cite web|date=July 14, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/|title=Israel|work=The World Factbook|publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=July 23, 2009}}
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- Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
- Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) (observer)
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (observer)
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- International Criminal Court (ICCt) (signatory)
- International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
- International Development Association (IDA)
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
- International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
- International Labour Organization (ILO)
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- International Organization for Migration (IOM)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
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- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
- International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
- Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (partner)
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) (signatory)
- Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
- Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
- Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer)
- United Nations (UN)
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
- Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- World Customs Organization (WCO)
- World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- World Veterans Federation
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= Law and order in Israel =
= Military of Israel =
- Command
- Commander-in-chief: Gadi Eizenkot
- Defence minister: Avigdor Liberman
- Ministry of Defense of Israel
- Forces
- Army of Israel
- Navy of Israel
- Air Force of Israel
- Special forces of Israel
- Wars involving Israel
- Military operations conducted by the Israel Defense Forces
- Military history of Israel
- Military ranks of Israel
= Local government in Israel =
History of Israel
{{Further|Jewish history|Index of Jewish history-related articles}}
= History of Israel by period =
== Prehistory of Israel ==
== Ancient history of Israel ==
History of ancient Israel and Judah
- Canaan
- Israelites
- Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) (hypothetical)
- Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
- Kingdom of Judah
- Babylonian rule
- Second Temple period
- Persian rule
- Coele-Syria (Hellenistic period)
- Hasmonean dynasty
- Herodian dynasty
- Herodian kingdom
- Herodian Tetrarchy
- Destruction of the Second Temple
- Roman period
- Roman Judea
- Jewish–Roman wars
- First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE)
- Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)
- Destruction of the Second Temple
- Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE)
- Syria Palaestina
==The Jewish "[[Middle Ages]]" in Palestine==
- Ancient synagogues in Israel
- Ancient synagogues in Palestine
- development of most of early Rabbinic literature, from the era of Chazal
- Mishnah, Tosefta, and Minor tractates
- Halakhic Midrash, and most of the Aggadic Midrashim
- Palestinian Talmud
- 4th century - Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
- 7th century - Jewish revolt against Heraclius
- Piyyut
- Jose ben Jose, Yannai (Payetan)
- 6th - 10th centuries- the Palestinian Masoretes
- Niqqud, Hebrew cantillation (trope).
== Mandatory Palestine ==
== History of modern Israel ==
==Years in Israel==
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;1990s
:1990
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:2000
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:2014
:2015
:2016
:2017
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:2020
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= History of Israel by region =
= History of Israel by subject =
- Economic history of Israel
- Start-up Nation
- Jewish history
- History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
- Jewish refugees
- Military history of Israel
- History of the Israel Defense Forces
- Arab–Israeli conflict
- History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- Postage stamps and postal history of Israel
Culture of Israel
- Architecture of Israel
- Cuisine of Israel
- Ethnic minorities in Israel
- Festivals in Israel
- Humor in Israel
- Languages of Israel
- Media of Israel
- National symbols of Israel
- Coat of arms of Israel
- Flag of Israel
- National anthem of Israel
- People of Israel
- Prostitution in Israel
- Public holidays in Israel
- Records of Israel
- Religion in Israel
- Buddhism in Israel
- Christianity in Israel
- Hinduism in Israel
- Islam in Israel
- Judaism in Israel
- World Heritage Sites in Israel
- List of synagogues in Israel
= Art in Israel =
= Sports in Israel =
Economy and infrastructure of Israel
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP
- Agriculture in Israel
- Banking in Israel
- National Bank of Israel
- Communications in Israel
- Internet in Israel
- Companies of Israel
- Currency of Israel: New Sheqel
- ISO 4217: ILS
- Economic history of Israel
- Start-up Nation
- Energy in Israel
- Energy policy of Israel
- Oil industry in Israel
- Health care in Israel
- Mining in Israel
- Science and technology in Israel
- Tourism in Israel
- Transport in Israel
- Israel Stock Exchange
- Transportation in Israel
- Airports in Israel
- Rail transport in Israel
- Roads in Israel
- Water supply and sanitation in Israel
Education in Israel
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
{{Wikiatlas|Israel}}
; Government
- (Hebrew) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106173112/http://www.gov.il/ Israel Government Portal] (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- (Hebrew) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140101195113/http://www.pmo.gov.il/ Prime Minister's Office], official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- (Hebrew) [https://web.archive.org/web/20020925150102/http://www.president.gov.il/ President of the State of Israel], official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- [https://www.knesset.gov.il/ The Knesset], official site of Israel's parliament
- (Hebrew) [http://www.court.gov.il/ The Supreme Court], official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- [http://www.mfa.gov.il/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs], official site
- (Hebrew) [http://www.cbs.gov.il/ Central Bureau of Statistics], official site (with links to English, Arabic versions)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20061113214940/http://goisrael.com/ Ministry of Tourism], official site
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080531075248/http://www.moit.gov.il/ Ministry of Industry Trade & Labor] Official Site
- [http://www.dat.gov.il/ Ministry of Religion]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705041749/http://www.moch.gov.il/MOCH Ministry of construction and Housing]
; General reference
- [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ Israel]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Israel Israel]
- BBC country profile of [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/803257.stm Israel]
- Library of Congress Country Studies entry on [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/iltoc.html Israel]
- Columbia University library related to [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/Israel.html Israel]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080430234538/http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/69/3/ hWeb - Israel-Palestine in Maps]
;Media
- [http://www.jpost.com/ The Jerusalem Post]
- [http://www.ynetnews.com/ Ynet News], based on Tel Aviv
- [http://www.iba.org.il/ Israel Broadcasting Authority], state broadcasting network {{in lang|he}} (with link to English version)
- [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/ Israel National News]
- [http://www.kolisrael.com/ Kol Israel] Voice of Israel
- [http://www.haaretz.com/ HaAretz]
; Other
- {{Wikivoyage inline|Israel}}
- {{Coord|31.625321|35.145264|region:IL_type:country|display=inline,title}} [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=31.625321&lon=35.145264&z=7&l=0&m=a&v=2 Israel] at WikiMapia, Geo Links for Topical outline of Israel
- {{Wikiatlas|Israel}}
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