Help:IPA/Aymaran

{{IPA key|H:IPA-AY}}

The chart below shows the ways in which IPA represents Aymaran languages, such as Aymara, Jaqaru and Kawki pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

A superscript {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x10px}} marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Aymara, and superscript {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} for Jaqaru and Cauqui.

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| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable"

colspan="4" |Consonants
IPAstyle="text-align:center;" | Orthography

!Examples

!English approximation

style="text-align:center;" |h

| style="text-align:center;" |j

|jakhu, liju, sujta/h/ is realised as [x] at the end of the syllable in all Aymaran languages.

|house

style="text-align:center;" |j

| style="text-align:center;" | y

|yapu, thaya, llaytha

|yes

style="text-align:center;" |k

| style="text-align:center;" | k

|kaliña, nanaka, sakri

|scat

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | kh

|khankha, akhana

|cat

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | k'

|k'alla

|like scat, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |l

| style="text-align:center;" | l

|lanti

|lamp

style="text-align:center;" |ʎ

| style="text-align:center;" | ll

|llika, mallq'a

|similar to billion; equal to Italian figlio

style="text-align:center;" |m

| style="text-align:center;" | m

|maya

|map

style="text-align:center;" |n

| style="text-align:center;" | n

|nayra

|none

style="text-align:center;" |ɲ

| style="text-align:center;" | ñ

|ñik'uta

|similar to canyon

rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |ŋ

| style="text-align: center;" |n

|p'asanqalla

| rowspan="2" |sing

style="text-align: center;" |nh {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|marknha

style="text-align:center;" |p

| style="text-align:center;" | p

|pisi, apilla, ch'iptaIn Moquegua Aymara, /p/ is realised as [ɸ] at the end of the syllable.

|spat

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | ph

|phusu, apharu

|pan

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | p'

|p'akita

|like spat, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |q

| style="text-align:center;" | q

|qamaqi, yuqch'a

|similar to scud, but deeper in the throat

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | qh

|qhatha, laqhu

|similar to scud, but deeper in the throat

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | q'

|q'api

|similar to scud, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |ɾ

| style="text-align:center;" | r

|rumu

|like atom in American English

style="text-align:center;" |s

| style="text-align:center;" | s

|sami

|son

style="text-align: center;" |ʃ

| style="text-align: center;" |sh {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|shimi

|she

style="text-align:center;" |t

| style="text-align:center;" | t

|tuju, itapallu, mutkhu

|stop

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | th

|thithita, llaytha

|top

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | t'

|t'inkha

|like stunt, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲ

| style="text-align: center;" |tx {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|shutxi

|no equivalent

style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲʰ

| style="text-align: center;" |tx" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|q"antx"uru

|no equivalent

style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲʼ

| style="text-align: center;" |tx' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|atx'i

|no equivalent

style="text-align:center;" |ts

| style="text-align: center;" |tz {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|patza

|cats

style="text-align:center;" |tsʰ

| style="text-align: center;" |tz" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|atz"a

|tsunami

style="text-align:center;" |tsʼ

| style="text-align: center;" |tz' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|ajtz'a

|like cats, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" | ch

|chillqi, achachi, machka

|eschew

style="text-align:center;" |tʃʰ

| style="text-align:center;" | chh

|chhullunkha, juchha

|child

style="text-align:center;" |tʃʼ

| style="text-align:center;" | ch'

|ch'iwi

|like eschew, but with a restriction of air

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align: center;" |cx {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|macxa

|no equivalent

style="text-align: center;" |tʂʰ

| style="text-align: center;" |cx" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|cx"apa

|no equivalent

style="text-align: center;" |tʂʼ

| style="text-align: center;" |cx' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}

|cx'asa

|no equivalent

style="text-align:center;" |w

| style="text-align:center;" | w

|wak'inta

|water

style="text-align: center;" |χ

| style="text-align: center;" |x

|phuxtu, thaxa

|like loch, but further back

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

class="wikitable"
colspan="4" |Vowels
|IPA

! Orthography

!Examples

!English approximation

style="text-align:center;" |a

| style="text-align:center;" | a

|ayni

|trap

style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align: center;" |ä {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}}

|mä

|similar to father

style="text-align:center;" |i

| style="text-align:center;" | i

|nina, t'ili/i/ is realised as [ɪ] in a word-final context.

|lip

style="text-align: center;" |

| style="text-align: center;" |ï {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}}

|sapakïña

|see

style="text-align:center;" |ɛ

| style="text-align:center;" | i

|piq'i, sixi/i/ is realised as [ɛ] after uvular consonants and as [e] before uvular consonants, including when there is a sonorant sound in between.

|pet

style="text-align:center;" |ɔ

| style="text-align:center;" | u

|quqa/u/ is realised as [ɔ] after uvular consonants and as [o] before uvular consonants, including when there is a sonorant sound in between.

|similar to off

style="text-align:center;" |u

| style="text-align:center;" | u

|mullu/u/ is realised as [ʊ] in a word-final context.

|hook

style="text-align: center;" |

| style="text-align: center;" |ü {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}}

|qharüru

|cool

|}

Notes

{{Reference list|refs=U}}

Bibliography

  • Coler, Matt. 2025. "Aymara". In Matthias Urban (ed.), The Oxford guide to the languages of the Central Andes, 219–244. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Coler, Matt. 2025. "Jaqaru". In Matthias Urban (ed.), The Oxford guide to the languages of the Central Andes, 245–264. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hardman, Martha J., Juana Vásquez & Juan de Dios Yapita, with Lucy Therina Briggs, Nora Clearman England & Laura Martin. [1998] 2001. Aymara: compendio de estructura fonológica y gramatical (Biblioteca Lengua y Cultura Andina 4). 2nd ed. La Paz: Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Aymara (ILCA).
  • Hardman, Martha J. [1966] 2017. Jaqaru: outline of phonological and morphological structure (Janua Linguarum Series Practica). The Hague: De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Huayhua Pari, Felipe. 2001. Gramática descriptiva de la lengua aimara (Aymara aru yatiwi). 2nd ed. Lima: Instituto de Reafirmación de los Pueblos Aimaras Quechuas y Amazonenses.
  • Laime Ajacopa, Teofilo, Virginia Lucero Mamani & Mabel Arteaga Vino. 2020. Paytani arupirwa / Diccionario bilingüe aymara-castellano castellano-aymara. La Paz: Plural Editores.

See also

  • {{clc|Pages with Aymara IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}