Help:IPA/Aymaran
{{IPA key|H:IPA-AY}}
The chart below shows the ways in which IPA represents Aymaran languages, such as Aymara, Jaqaru and Kawki pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
A superscript {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x10px}} marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Aymara, and superscript {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} for Jaqaru and Cauqui.
style="background: none" | |
----
| | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" | |
colspan="4" |Consonants | |
---|---|
IPA | style="text-align:center;" | Orthography
!Examples !English approximation |
style="text-align:center;" |h
| style="text-align:center;" |j |jakhu, liju, sujta/h/ is realised as [x] at the end of the syllable in all Aymaran languages. |house | |
style="text-align:center;" |j
| style="text-align:center;" | y |yapu, thaya, llaytha |yes | |
style="text-align:center;" |k
| style="text-align:center;" | k |kaliña, nanaka, sakri |scat | |
style="text-align:center;" |kʰ
| style="text-align:center;" | kh |khankha, akhana |cat | |
style="text-align:center;" |kʼ
| style="text-align:center;" | k' |k' |like scat, but with a restriction of air | |
style="text-align:center;" |l
| style="text-align:center;" | l |lanti |lamp | |
style="text-align:center;" |ʎ
| style="text-align:center;" | ll |llika, mallq'a |similar to billion; equal to Italian figlio | |
style="text-align:center;" |m
| style="text-align:center;" | m |maya |map | |
style="text-align:center;" |n
| style="text-align:center;" | n |nayra |none | |
style="text-align:center;" |ɲ
| style="text-align:center;" | ñ |ñik'uta |similar to canyon | |
rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |ŋ
| style="text-align: center;" |n |p'asanqalla | rowspan="2" |sing | |
style="text-align: center;" |nh {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}}
|marknha | |
style="text-align:center;" |p
| style="text-align:center;" | p |pisi, apilla, ch'iptaIn Moquegua Aymara, /p/ is realised as [ɸ] at the end of the syllable. |spat | |
style="text-align:center;" |pʰ
| style="text-align:center;" | ph |phusu, apharu |pan | |
style="text-align:center;" |pʼ
| style="text-align:center;" | p' |p' |like | |
style="text-align:center;" |q
| style="text-align:center;" | q |qamaqi, yuqch'a |similar to scud, but deeper in the throat | |
style="text-align:center;" |qʰ
| style="text-align:center;" | qh |qhatha, laqhu |similar to scud, but deeper in the throat | |
style="text-align:center;" |qʼ
| style="text-align:center;" | q' |q' |simila | |
style="text-align:center;" |ɾ
| style="text-align:center;" | r |rumu |like atom in American English | |
style="text-align:center;" |s
| style="text-align:center;" | s |sami |son | |
style="text-align: center;" |ʃ
| style="text-align: center;" |sh {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |shimi |she | |
style="text-align:center;" |t
| style="text-align:center;" | t |tuju, itapallu, mutkhu |stop | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʰ
| style="text-align:center;" | th |thithita, llaytha |top | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʼ
| style="text-align:center;" | t' |t' |like stunt, but with a restriction of air | |
style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲ
| style="text-align: center;" |tx {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |shutxi |no equivalent | |
style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲʰ
| style="text-align: center;" |tx" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |q"antx"uru |no equivalent | |
style="text-align:center;" |t̠ʲʼ
| style="text-align: center;" |tx' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |atx' |no equivalent | |
style="text-align:center;" |ts
| style="text-align: center;" |tz {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |patza |cats | |
style="text-align:center;" |tsʰ
| style="text-align: center;" |tz" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |atz"a |tsunami | |
style="text-align:center;" |tsʼ
| style="text-align: center;" |tz' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |ajtz' |like cats, but with a restriction of air | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʃ
| style="text-align:center;" | ch |chillqi, achachi, machka |eschew | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʃʰ
| style="text-align:center;" | chh |chhullunkha, juchha |child | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʃʼ
| style="text-align:center;" | ch' |ch' |like eschew, but with a restriction of air | |
style="text-align:center;" |tʂ
| style="text-align: center;" |cx {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |macxa |no equivalent | |
style="text-align: center;" |tʂʰ
| style="text-align: center;" |cx" {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |cx"apa |no equivalent | |
style="text-align: center;" |tʂʼ
| style="text-align: center;" |cx' {{Flagicon|Lima|size=x10px}} |cx' |no equivalent | |
style="text-align:center;" |w
| style="text-align:center;" | w |wak'inta |water | |
style="text-align: center;" |χ
| style="text-align: center;" |x |phuxtu, thaxa |like loch, but further back |
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
class="wikitable" |
colspan="4" |Vowels |
---|
|IPA
! Orthography !Examples !English approximation |
style="text-align:center;" |a
| style="text-align:center;" | a |ayni |trap |
style="text-align:center;" |aː
| style="text-align: center;" |ä {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}} |mä |similar to father |
style="text-align:center;" |i
| style="text-align:center;" | i |nina, t' |lip |
style="text-align: center;" |iː
| style="text-align: center;" |ï {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}} |sapakïña |see |
style="text-align:center;" |ɛ
| style="text-align:center;" | i |pe |
style="text-align:center;" |ɔ
| style="text-align:center;" | u |similar to off |
style="text-align:center;" |u
| style="text-align:center;" | u |mullu/u/ is realised as [ʊ] in a word-final context. |hook |
style="text-align: center;" |uː
| style="text-align: center;" |ü {{Flagicon|Bolivia|size=x8px}} |qharüru |cool |
|}
Notes
{{Reference list|refs=U}}
Bibliography
- Coler, Matt. 2025. "Aymara". In Matthias Urban (ed.), The Oxford guide to the languages of the Central Andes, 219–244. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Coler, Matt. 2025. "Jaqaru". In Matthias Urban (ed.), The Oxford guide to the languages of the Central Andes, 245–264. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hardman, Martha J., Juana Vásquez & Juan de Dios Yapita, with Lucy Therina Briggs, Nora Clearman England & Laura Martin. [1998] 2001. Aymara: compendio de estructura fonológica y gramatical (Biblioteca Lengua y Cultura Andina 4). 2nd ed. La Paz: Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Aymara (ILCA).
- Hardman, Martha J. [1966] 2017. Jaqaru: outline of phonological and morphological structure (Janua Linguarum Series Practica). The Hague: De Gruyter Mouton.
- Huayhua Pari, Felipe. 2001. Gramática descriptiva de la lengua aimara (Aymara aru yatiwi). 2nd ed. Lima: Instituto de Reafirmación de los Pueblos Aimaras Quechuas y Amazonenses.
- Laime Ajacopa, Teofilo, Virginia Lucero Mamani & Mabel Arteaga Vino. 2020. Paytani arupirwa / Diccionario bilingüe aymara-castellano castellano-aymara. La Paz: Plural Editores.
See also
- {{clc|Pages with Aymara IPA|pages}}
{{IPA keys}}