Lists of foods

{{Short description|List of lists of food products}}

File:Good Food Display - NCI Visuals Online.jpg

This is a categorically organized list of foods. Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/food|title=food | Definition & Nutrition|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=5 August 2024 }} It is produced either by plants, animals, or fungi, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.

Note: due to the high number of foods in existence, this article is limited to being organized categorically, based upon the main subcategories within the Foods category page, along with information about main categorical topics and list article links.

List of foods

{{Incomplete list|date=January 2025}}

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= Basic foods =

== Baked goods ==

{{main|List of baked goods}}

Baked goods are cooked by baking, a method of cooking food that uses prolonged dry heat.

=== Breads ===

File:FD 1.jpg breads]]

:*List of breads

::* List of American breads

::* List of brand name breads

::* List of bread rolls

::* List of buns

::* List of British breads

::* List of Indian breads

::* List of Pakistani breads

::* List of quick breads

::* List of sweet breads

:*List of bread dishes

== Cereals ==

:* Cereals – True cereals are the seeds of certain species of grasses. Maize, wheat, and rice account for about half of the calories consumed by people every year. Grains can be ground into flour for bread, cake, noodles, and other food products. They can also be boiled or steamed, either whole or ground, and eaten as is. Many cereals are present or past staple foods, providing a large fraction of the calories in the places that they are eaten.

::* List of porridges

== Dairy products ==

  • Dairy productsDairy products are food produced from the milk of mammals. Dairy products are usually high energy-yielding food products. A production plant for the processing of milk is called a dairy or a dairy factory. Apart from breastfed infants, the human consumption of dairy products is sourced primarily from the milk of cows, yet goats, sheep, yaks, horses, camels, and other mammals are other sources of dairy products consumed by humans.

:* List of dairy products

:* List of butter dishes

:* List of cheeses

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:::*List of American cheeses

:::* List of brined cheeses

:::*List of British cheeses

:::* List of French cheeses

:::* List of Irish cheeses

:::* List of Italian cheeses

:::* List of Norwegian cheeses

:::* List of Polish cheeses

{{div col end}}

::* List of cheese dishes

File:Cheeses in Freiburg - DSC06494.jpg|Various cheeses

File:Dairy Crest Semi Skimmed Milk Bottle.jpg|A bottle of milk

File:Bulgarian yogurt.JPG|Yogurt

== Edible plants ==

{{see|Plant-based diet}}

:*Fruit – In common language usage, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of a plant that are sweet or sour and edible in the raw state, such as apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, bananas, and lemons. On the other hand, the botanical sense of "fruit" includes many structures that are not commonly called "fruits", such as bean pods, corn kernels, wheat grains, and tomatoes.{{cite book |last=Schlegel |first=Rolf H J |title=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding and Related Subjects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7J-3fD67RqwC&q=acarpous&pg=PA177 |date= 2003 |publisher=Haworth Press |isbn=1-56022-950-0 |page=177}}{{cite book |last=Mauseth |first=James D. |title=Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DfYJsVRmUcC&pg=PA271 |year=2003 |publisher=Jones and Bartlett |isbn=0-7637-2134-4 |pages=271–272}}

::* List of culinary fruits

::* List of citrus fruits

::* List of coconut dishes

::* List of fruit dishes

:::* List of apple dishes

:::* List of avocado dishes

:::* List of banana dishes

:::* List of cherry dishes

:::* List of grape dishes

:::* List of lemon dishes and beverages

:::* List of melon dishes

:::* List of plum dishes

:::* List of squash and pumpkin dishes

::* List of edible plants and mushrooms of southeast Alaska

::* List of plants used in South Asian cuisine

:* Edible tubers – Not all tubers are edible. Those that are include potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams. Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to survive the winter or dry months, to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season, and as a means of asexual reproduction.{{Citation | title = Rooting cuttings of tropical trees | year = 1993 | publisher = Commonwealth Science Council | location = London | isbn = 978-0-85092-394-0 | page = 11 }} There are both stem and root tubers.

::* List of root vegetables

::* List of potato dishes

::* List of sweet potato cultivars

:* Vegetables – In culinary terms, a vegetable is an edible plant or its part, intended for cooking or eating raw.{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA |title=Fruits And Vegetables |isbn=92-832-3008-6|publisher=IARC |author1=Vainio, Harri |author2=Bianchini, Franca |name-list-style=amp|year=2003 |page=2}}

::* List of vegetables

::* List of leaf vegetables

::* List of vegetable dishes

:::* List of cabbage dishes

:::* List of carrot dishes

:::* List of eggplant dishes

:::* List of garlic dishes

:::* List of onion dishes

File:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|Several culinary fruits

File:Patates.jpg|Edible tubers – a variety of potato cultivars

File:Marketvegetables.jpg|Vegetables

== Edible fungi ==

File:Asian mushrooms.jpg species]]

  • Edible fungiEdible fungi are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked by hand.{{cite book|last = Chang| first = Shu-Ting|author2=Phillip G. Miles | title = Mushrooms: cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and Environmental Impact|publisher = CRC Press|year = 1989|pages = 4–6|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XO4EGzpp1M0C|isbn = 0-8493-1043-1}} Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma.{{cite book|author=Arora D|title=Mushrooms demystified|year=1986|publisher=Ten Speed Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0/page/23 23]|isbn=0-89815-169-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0/page/23}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Mattila P, Suonpää K, Piironen V |title=Functional properties of edible mushrooms|journal=Nutrition|volume=16|issue=7–8|pages=694–96 |year=2000 |pmid=10906601 |doi=10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00341-5}}

:* Edible mushroom

:* List of mushroom dishes

== Edible nuts and seeds ==

File:Fancy raw mixed nuts macro.jpg]]

File:White, Brown, Red & Wild rice.jpg is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). Pictured is a mixture of brown, white, and red indica rice, (also containing wild rice).]]

  • Edible nuts and seedsNut is a fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed, where the hard-shelled fruit does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). In a culinary context, a wide variety of dried seeds are often called nuts, but in a botanical context, only ones that include the indehiscent fruit are considered true nuts. The translation of "nut" in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous.

: Many seeds are edible and the majority of human calories comes from seeds,{{cite journal|author1=Sabelli, P.A. |author2=Larkins, B.A. |year=2009|title=The Development of Endosperm in Grasses|journal=Plant Physiology|volume=149|issue=1|pages=14–26|url=http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/149/1/14|doi=10.1104/pp.108.129437|pmid=19126691|pmc=2613697}} especially from cereals, legumes and nuts. Seeds also provide most cooking oils, many beverages and spices and some important food additives.

::* List of culinary nuts

::* List of edible seeds

::* List of sesame seed dishes

== Legumes ==

File:Various legumes.jpgs]]

== Meat ==

  • MeatMeat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.{{cite book|last=Lawrie|first=R. A.|author2=Ledward, D. A. |title=Lawrie's meat science|publisher=Woodhead Publishing Limited|location=Cambridge|year=2006|edition=7th|isbn=978-1-84569-159-2}}{{rp|1}} Humans are omnivorous,{{cite book|title = Advanced Human Nutrition|author=Robert E. C. Wildman |author2=Denis M. Medeiros | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2000 | page = 37| access-date = October 6, 2013 |isbn = 0-8493-8566-0| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CXwylbbRXvAC&q=en&pg=PA37}}{{cite book|title = The Anthropology of Health and Healing|author=Robert Mari Womack| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2010 | page = 243| access-date = October 6, 2013 |isbn = 978-0-7591-1044-1| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RqAraOM_CKgC&pg=PA243}}{{cite web|last=McArdle|first=John|title=Humans are Omnivores|publisher=Vegetarian Resource Group|access-date=October 6, 2013|url=http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/omni.htm}} and have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times. The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, pigs and cattle, and eventually their use in meat production on an industrial scale. Today, humans consume not only chicken, mutton, pork and beef but also meats of camel, horse, dog, cat, alligator, crocodile, turtle, dolphin, emu, ostrich, duck, deer, zebra, water buffalo, whale, snake, frog, guinea pig, rabbit, squirrel, porcupine, and monkey.

:* List of meat dishes

:* List of beef dishes

:* List of chicken dishes

:* List of domesticated meat animals

:* List of hamburgers

:* List of hams

:* List of kebabs

:* List of pork dishes

::* List of bacon dishes

:* List of sausages

::* List of hot dogs

::* List of sausage dishes

Image:Standing-rib-roast.jpg|The standing rib roast, a cut of beef

File:Lots of meat.jpg|Various meats

File:Chorizo (4776711673).jpg|Chorizo sausage

=== Eggs ===

  • EggsEggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.Kenneth F. Kiple, A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization (2007), p. 22. Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. Popular choices for egg consumption are chicken, duck, quail, roe, and caviar, but the egg most often consumed by humans is the chicken egg, by a wide margin.

:* List of egg dishes

:* List of egg topics

File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Vagtel-spejlæg.jpg|Fried eggs

File:HK Sai Ying Pun Des Voeux Road West Tea Eggs Snack Shop.JPG|A batch of tea eggs with shell still on soaking in a brew of spices and tea, an example of edible eggs

== Rice ==

== Seafood ==

:* FishFish is consumed as a food by many species, including humans. The word "fish" refers to both the animal and to the food prepared from it. In culinary and fishery contexts, the term fish also includes shellfish, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. Fish has been an important source of protein for humans throughout recorded history.

::* List of fish dishes

:::* List of cod dishes

:::* List of herring dishes

:::* List of raw fish dishes

::* List of seafood dishes

::* Edible seaweed

File:Plateau van zeevruchten.jpg|Seafood includes any form of food taken from the sea

File:CantoneseRestaurantSeafood.jpg|Tanks of seafood at a Cantonese restaurant

File:Balik Lachsräucherei, Lachshälften in der Räucherkammer 01.jpg|The preparation of smoked salmon

File:SteamedLobster.jpg|Prepared lobster

== Other ==

= Staple foods =

  • Staple foodsStaple food, sometimes called food staple or staple, is a food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet in a given population, supplying a large fraction of the needs for energy-rich materials and generally a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well. Most people live on a diet based on just a small number of staples.{{cite web | title=Dimensions of Need – Staples: What do people eat? |author1=United Nations Food |author2=Agriculture Organization: Agriculture and Consumer Protection |name-list-style=amp | url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/u8480e/u8480e07.htm | access-date=2010-10-15}} Most staple plant foods are derived either from cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, maize, or rice, or starchy tubers or root vegetables such as potatoes, yams, taro, and cassava.{{Cite web|url=http://www.kew.org/ksheets/tubers.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201070949/http://www.kew.org/ksheets/tubers.html|title=Staple foods – Root and Tuber Crops|archive-date=Feb 1, 2009}} Other staple foods include pulses (dried legumes), sago (derived from the pith of the sago palm tree), and fruits such as breadfruit and plantains.{{Cite web|url=http://www.kew.org/ksheets/fruits.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201071029/http://www.kew.org/ksheets/fruits.html|title=Staple Foods II – Fruits|archive-date=Feb 1, 2009}} Of more than 50,000 edible plant species in the world, only a few hundred contribute significantly to human food supplies. Just 15 crop plants provide 90 percent of the world's food energy intake (exclusive of meat), with rice, maize and wheat comprising two-thirds of human food consumption. These three alone are the staples of over 4 billion people.{{cite web|title=Dimensions of Need: An atlas of food and agriculture|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|year=1995|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/u8480e/U8480E01.htm}}

File:2014 uncooked Thai jasmine rice.jpg|Rice

File:Boiled corn cob in Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh 03.jpg|Maize

File:CSIRO ScienceImage 10909 BARLEYmax grain.jpg|Barley grains

= Prepared foods =

{{Main list|Lists of prepared foods}}

== Appetizers ==

File:Russian Celebration Zakuski.jpg are a type of hors d'oeuvre]]

  • Appetizers (also known as hors d'oeuvre) – Items served before the main courses of a meal, typically smaller than main dishes, and often meant to be eaten by hand (with minimal use of silverware). Hors d'oeuvre may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating. Stationary hors d'oeuvre served at the table may be referred to as "table hors d' oeuvre". Passed hors d'oeuvre may be referred to as "butler-style" or "butlered" hors d'oeuvre.

:* List of hors d'oeuvre

== Condiments ==

File:Nsima Relishes.JPG relishes here accompany Nshima (top right)]]

  • CondimentsCondiment is something such as a sauce, that is added to some foods to impart a particular flavor, enhance its flavor,{{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/condiment | title=Merriam-Webster: Definition of condiment | publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary | access-date=October 23, 2011}} or in some cultures, to complement the dish. The term originally described pickled or preserved foods, but has shifted meaning over time.{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Andrew F. |title=The Oxford companion to American food and drink|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&pg=PT171|access-date=March 15, 2012|date= 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530796-2|pages=144–146}}

:* List of condiments

::* List of brand name condiments

:* List of syrups

== Confectionery ==

  • ConfectioneryConfectionery, or the making of confections, are food items that are rich in sugar. Confectionery is divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categories, bakers' confections and sugar confections.{{cite book|editor=International Food Information Service |title=Dictionary of Food Science and Technology |date=2009 |publisher=Wiley–Blackwell |location=Chichester, UK|isbn=978-1-4051-8740-4|page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akYLOTMdCSEC&pg=PA106 |edition=2nd}} Bakers' confectionery includes principally sweet pastries, cakes, and similar baked goods. Sugar confectionery includes sweets, candied nuts, chocolates, chewing gum, sweetmeats, pastillage, and other confections that are made primarily of sugar. Confections include sweet foods, sweetmeats, digestive aids that are sweet, elaborate creations, and something amusing and frivolous.[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/confection Confection | Define Confection at Dictionary.com]. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2014-02-16.

:* List of confectionery brands

:* List of chocolate bar brands

::* List of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers

File:Candy in Damascus.jpg|Candy

File:Chocolate02.jpg|Chocolate

== Convenience foods ==

File:Dehydrated shredded potatoes.jpg]]

== Desserts ==

  • DessertsDessert is a typically sweet course that may conclude a meal. The course usually consists of sweet foods, but may include other items.

:* List of desserts

::* Dessert-related lists (category)

File:Desserts.jpg|An assortment of desserts

File:Petits.fours.wmt.jpg|An assortment of petit fours

File:Neapolitan.jpg|Neapolitan ice cream

== Dips, pastes and spreads ==

File:Guacamole IMGP1289.jpg is an avocado-based dip]]

  • DipsDip or dipping sauce is a common condiment for many types of food. Dips are used to add flavor or texture to a food.

:* List of common dips

  • Paste – Food paste is a semi-liquid colloidal suspension, emulsion, or aggregation used in food preparation or eaten directly as a spread.{{Cite book|author=Kipfer, Barbara Ann|year=2012|title=The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference|publisher=Wiley|location=New York|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZgtobqGseEC&pg=PA409 409]|isbn=978-1-118-11061-4}} Pastes are often highly spicy or aromatic.

:* List of food pastes

  • Spread – Foods that are literally spread, generally with a knife, onto bread, crackers, or other food products. Spreads are added to food to provide flavor and texture.

:* List of spreads

== Dried foods ==

  • Dried foodsDrying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the food, which inhibits the growth of bacteria and has been practiced worldwide since ancient times to preserve food. Where or when dehydration as a food preservation technique was invented has been lost to time, however the earliest known practice of food drying is 12,000 BCE by inhabitants of the modern Middle East and Asia regions.[http://www.uga.edu/nchfp/publications/nchfp/factsheets/food_pres_hist.html "Historical Origins of Food Preservation".] Accessed June 2011.

:* List of dried foods

File:Fish drying in the sun poisson seche Madagascar.jpg|Flattened fish being dried in the sun

File:HK Kwun Tong Shui Wo Street Market Dried Goods Shop.JPG|Various dried foods in a dried foods store

== Dumplings ==

:* List of dumplings

File:Dumplings (3911158963).jpg|Dumplings in a basket, served with a dipping sauce

== Fast food ==

  • Fast foodFast food is the term given to food that is prepared and served very quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. Fast food restaurants are traditionally separated by their ability to serve food via a drive-through. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951.

File:In-N-Out Burger cheeseburgers.jpg|Fast food cheeseburgers

File:Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg|Lamb shish kebab

== Fermented foods ==

File:Lassi in Varanasi.jpg is a fermented food prepared from yogurt, water and mango pulp]]

:* List of fermented foods

== Halal food ==

:* List of halal and kosher fish

== Kosher food ==

  • Kosher foodKosher foods are those that conform to the regulations of kashrut (Jewish dietary law). Food that may be consumed according to halakha (Jewish law) is termed kosher in English, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning "fit" (in this context, fit for consumption). Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called treif or treyf, derived from Hebrew trāfáh. Some of the restrictions include not being able to eat seafood. One also can not mix meat with dairy. Pork also can not be eaten. But there are those in the Jewish community that do not actually keep Kosher. {{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv626yc/revision/8 | title=Daily life: Food laws - Practices in Judaism - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - Eduqas }}{{cite web | url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-kosher#:~:text=Kosher%20diet%20rules%20are%20called,their%20faith%20and%20their%20communities. | title=What is kosher? Definition, examples, diet, and more | date=23 December 2020 }}

== Noodles ==

  • Noodles – The noodle is a type of staple food{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/4-000-year-old-noodles-found-in-china|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218145003/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/4-000-year-old-noodles-found-in-china|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 18, 2021|title=4,000-Year-Old Noodles Found in China|date=Oct 12, 2005|website=History}} made from some type of unleavened dough which is rolled flat and cut into one of a variety of shapes. While long, thin strips may be the most common, many varieties of noodles are cut into waves, helices, tubes, strings, or shells, or folded over, or cut into other shapes. Noodles are usually cooked in boiling water, sometimes with cooking oil or salt added. They are often pan-fried or deep-fried. Noodles are often served with an accompanying sauce or in a soup. Noodles can be refrigerated for short-term storage, or dried and stored for future use.

:* List of pasta

:* List of pasta dishes

:* List of noodles

:* List of noodle dishes

File:Noodle.jpg|Various types of noodles commonly found in Southeast Asia

== Pies ==

File:Apple pie.jpg]]

  • PiesPie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.

:* List of pies, tarts and flans

== Salads ==

  • SaladsSalad is a ready-to-eat dish often containing leafy vegetables, usually served chilled or at a moderate temperature and often served with a sauce or dressing. Salads may also contain ingredients such as fruit, grain, meat, seafood and sweets. Though many salads use raw ingredients, some use cooked ingredients.

:* List of salads

== Sandwiches ==

  • SandwichesSandwich is a food item consisting of one or more types of food placed on or between slices of bread, or more generally any dish wherein two or more pieces of bread serve as a container or wrapper for some other food.Abelson, Jenn. [http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/11/10/arguments_spread_thick/ "Arguments spread thick"]. The Boston Globe, 10 November 2006. Retrieved 27 May 2009.{{cite web|title=sandwich|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sandwich|work=Merriam-Webster|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|access-date=29 March 2012}}{{cite book|title=Foundations of Restaurant Management & Culinary Arts Level Two|year=2011|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0-13-138022-6|page=53}} The sandwich was originally a portable food item or finger food which began its popularity primarily in the Western World, but is now found in various versions in numerous countries worldwide.

:* List of sandwiches

File:Salad platter.jpg|A salad platter

File:Chicken salad sandwich 01.jpg|A sandwich prepared with chicken salad

== Sauces ==

File:Sauce poivrade.jpg being prepared, one of many types of sauces]]

:* List of sauces

== Snack foods ==

File:Gorp.jpg" ("good old raisins and peanuts") is a classic trail mix and snack food]]

  • Snack foodSnack food is a portion of food often smaller than a regular meal, generally eaten between meals.{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/snack|title=Definition of Snack at Dictionary.com|access-date=2011-03-13}} Snacks come in a variety of forms including packaged and processed foods and items made from fresh ingredients at home.

:* List of snack foods

== Soups ==

File:Soup with meatballs-01.jpg |alt=]]

  • SoupsSoup is a primarily liquid food, generally served warm (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients such as meat and vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid. Hot soups are additionally characterized by boiling solid ingredients in liquids in a pot until the flavors are extracted, forming a broth.

:* List of soups

== Stews ==

:* List of stews

File:Lamb-stew.jpg|Lamb and lentil stew

= See also =

= References =

{{reflist|30em}}