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Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Earth science

{{Vital articles navigation/level 5/Physical sciences}}

Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.

{{Wikipedia:Vital articles 5/Labels}}

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For specific geographical objects see Geography

Quota 1,200 articles.

Total 1,189 articles.

class="wikitable sortable"
Class#Articles
{{Icon|FA}} FA7
{{Icon|GA}} GA53
{{Icon|B}} B207
{{Icon|C}} C410
{{Icon|LIST}} LIST3
{{Icon|FFA}} FFA11
{{Icon|DGA}} DGA16
{{Icon|Start}} Start456
{{Icon|Stub}} Stub53

=Earth science basics =

{{Vital article count|174}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

Earth science basics: General

{{Vital article count|46}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Earth science (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Biogeochemical cycle
  3. {{Icon|C}} Calcium cycle
  4. {{Icon|B}} Carbon cycle
  5. {{Icon|B}} Carbon sequestration
  6. {{Icon|B}} Nitrogen cycle
  7. {{Icon|B}} Oxygen cycle
  8. {{Icon|C}} Phosphorus cycle
  9. {{Icon|B}} Natural environment
  10. {{Icon|C}} Environmental issues
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Environmental conflict
  12. {{Icon|C}} Environmental justice
  13. {{Icon|B}} Tragedy of the commons
  14. {{Icon|C}} Environmental degradation
  15. {{Icon|C}} Human–wildlife conflict
  16. {{Icon|C}} Environmental protection
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Environmental studies
  18. {{Icon|C}} Environmental policy
  19. {{Icon|C}} Environmental science
  20. {{Icon|C}} Human impact on the environment
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Land use
  22. {{Icon|B}} Wilderness
  23. {{Icon|B}} Earth's rotation
  24. {{Icon|C}} Foucault pendulum
  25. {{Icon|C}} Figure of the Earth
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Earth ellipsoid
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Equatorial bulge
  28. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Flat Earth
  29. {{Icon|C}} Spherical Earth
  30. {{Icon|GA}} Schiehallion experiment
  31. {{Icon|C}} Gaia hypothesis
  32. {{Icon|B}} History of Earth (Level 3)
  33. {{Icon|Start}} Early Earth
  34. {{Icon|B}} Extinction event (Level 4)
  35. {{Icon|B}} Ice age (Level 4)
  36. {{Icon|B}} Milankovitch cycles
  37. {{Icon|C}} Natural disaster (Level 4)
  38. {{Icon|C}} Disaster response
  39. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Wildfire (Level 4)
  40. {{Icon|C}} Natural resource (Level 4)
  41. {{Icon|C}} Conflict minerals law
  42. {{Icon|C}} Environmental resource management
  43. {{Icon|B}} Overexploitation
  44. {{Icon|B}} Overfishing
  45. {{Icon|B}} Planetary boundaries
  46. {{Icon|C}} Thermocline

Biomes

{{Vital article count|49}}

=Biomes: General=

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Drylands
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Desert (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Desertification
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Oasis (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Deserts and xeric shrublands
  6. {{Icon|C}} Drought (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Shrubland (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Chaparral
  9. {{Icon|C}} Fynbos
  10. {{Icon|C}} Heath
  11. {{Icon|C}} Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Moorland
  13. {{Icon|B}} Tundra (Level 4)
  14. {{Icon|C}} Alpine tundra

=Forests =

{{Vital article count|17}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Forest (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Rainforest (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Tropical rainforest (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
  5. {{Icon|C}} Temperate rainforest
  6. {{Icon|B}} Taiga (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Temperate forest
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|C}} Temperate coniferous forest
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Temperate deciduous forest
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical forest
  12. {{Icon|C}} Jungle (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Seasonal tropical forest
  14. {{Icon|C}} Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Woodland
  17. {{Icon|Stub}} Grove (nature)

=Grasslands =

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Grassland (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Meadow (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Montane grasslands and shrublands
  4. {{Icon|B}} Prairie (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|B}} Savanna (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Steppe (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

=Wetlands =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Wetland (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Bog (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Fen
  4. {{Icon|Stub}} Flooded grasslands and savannas
  5. {{Icon|C}} Mangrove (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Marsh (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Peatland
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Riparian zone
  9. {{Icon|B}} Salt marsh
  10. {{Icon|C}} Swamp (Level 4)

Climatology

{{Vital article count|66}}

=Climatology: General=

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Climatology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Climate system
  3. {{Icon|C}} El Niño–Southern Oscillation (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|B}} Köppen climate classification (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Microclimate

=Climates =

{{Vital article count|17}}

  1. {{Icon|GA}} Climate (Level 2)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Alpine climate
  3. {{Icon|B}} Montane ecosystem
  4. {{Icon|C}} Continental climate
  5. {{Icon|C}} Desert climate
  6. {{Icon|C}} Humid subtropical climate
  7. {{Icon|C}} Polar climate
  8. {{Icon|C}} Climate of Antarctica
  9. {{Icon|B}} Climate of the Arctic
  10. {{Icon|C}} Semi-arid climate
  11. {{Icon|C}} Subarctic climate
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Temperate climate (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|C}} Mediterranean climate
  14. {{Icon|B}} Tropical climate (Level 4)
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical monsoon climate
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical rainforest climate
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical savanna climate

=Climate change =

{{Vital article count|44}}

  1. {{Icon|FA}} Climate change (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Climate change in Africa
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Climate change in Antarctica
  4. {{Icon|C}} Climate change denial
  5. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Europe
  6. {{Icon|C}} Climate change feedbacks
  7. {{Icon|B}} Arctic methane emissions
  8. {{Icon|GA}} Climate sensitivity
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Ice–albedo feedback
  10. {{Icon|GA}} Tipping points in the climate system
  11. {{Icon|B}} Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa
  12. {{Icon|C}} Climate change mitigation
  13. {{Icon|C}} Climate change vulnerability
  14. {{Icon|C}} Climate model
  15. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Climate variability and change (Level 4)
  16. {{Icon|C}} Deforestation and climate change
  17. {{Icon|C}} Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
  18. {{Icon|C}} Earth's energy budget
  19. {{Icon|C}} Outgoing longwave radiation
  20. {{Icon|B}} Radiative forcing
  21. {{Icon|C}} Solar irradiance
  22. {{Icon|C}} Economic analysis of climate change
  23. {{Icon|GA}} Effects of climate change
  24. {{Icon|C}} Arctic sea ice decline
  25. {{Icon|C}} Effects of climate change on agriculture
  26. {{Icon|B}} Effects of climate change on human health
  27. {{Icon|C}} Effects of climate change on oceans
  28. {{Icon|B}} Ocean acidification
  29. {{Icon|C}} Effects of climate change on small island countries
  30. {{Icon|C}} Extreme weather
  31. {{Icon|GA}} Global dimming
  32. {{Icon|C}} Greenhouse effect (Level 4)
  33. {{Icon|B}} Greenhouse gas
  34. {{Icon|C}} Greenhouse gas emissions
  35. {{Icon|C}} Carbon budget
  36. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Australia
  37. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Brazil
  38. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Canada
  39. {{Icon|B}} Climate change in India
  40. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Indonesia
  41. {{Icon|C}} Climate change in Japan
  42. {{Icon|C}} Methane emissions
  43. {{Icon|C}} Politics of climate change
  44. {{Icon|C}} Solar activity and climate

Seasons

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Season (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Spring (season) (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Summer (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Heat wave
  5. {{Icon|C}} Autumn (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Winter (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Cold wave
  8. {{Icon|GA}} Wet season
  9. {{Icon|Start}} East Asian monsoon
  10. {{Icon|B}} Monsoon of South Asia
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Dry season
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Harmattan
  13. {{Icon|C}} Atlantic hurricane season

{{Div col end}}

=Air =

{{Vital article count|133}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

Atmosphere

{{Vital article count|27}}

=Atmosphere: General=

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Atmosphere of Earth (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Troposphere
  3. {{Icon|C}} Stratosphere
  4. {{Icon|C}} Ozone layer
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Mesosphere
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Thermosphere
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Exosphere
  8. {{Icon|C}} Atmospheric escape
  9. {{Icon|C}} Kármán line
  10. {{Icon|GA}} Air mass (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|B}} Atmospheric pressure (Level 4)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Atmospheric science (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|B}} Ozone depletion (Level 4)

=Atmospheric optics =

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Aurora (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Glory (optical phenomenon)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Halo (optical phenomenon)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Haze
  5. {{Icon|B}} Smog
  6. {{Icon|Stub}} Heiligenschein
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Light pillar
  8. {{Icon|C}} Mirage (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|C}} Fata Morgana (mirage)
  10. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Rainbow (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Sky (Level 4)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Diffuse sky radiation
  13. {{Icon|C}} Sun dog
  14. {{Icon|B}} Sunlight

Meteorology

{{Vital article count|106}}

=Meteorology: General=

{{Vital article count|11}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Meteorology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Weather (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Weather front (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|GA}} Weather forecasting (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Marine weather forecasting
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Weather station
  7. {{Icon|GA}} Surface weather observation
  8. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Surface weather analysis
  9. {{Icon|C}} Humidity (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|GA}} Low-pressure area (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Indian summer

=Clouds =

{{Vital article count|23}}

  1. {{Icon|GA}} Cloud (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|FA}} Cirrus cloud (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Cumulonimbus cloud (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|GA}} Cumulus cloud (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Cumulus congestus cloud
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Cumulus humilis cloud
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Cumulus mediocris cloud
  8. {{Icon|B}} Fog (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Mist
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Diamond dust
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Funnel cloud
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Cirrostratus cloud
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Cirrostratus nebulosus
  14. {{Icon|C}} Nimbostratus cloud
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Fractus cloud
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Stratus cloud
  17. {{Icon|GA}} Altostratus cloud
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Altostratus undulatus cloud
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Stratocumulus cloud
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Altocumulus cloud
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Cirrocumulus cloud
  22. {{Icon|GA}} Noctilucent cloud
  23. {{Icon|Start}} Polar stratospheric cloud

=Precipitation =

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|GA}} Precipitation (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Rain (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|B}} Acid rain (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Freezing rain
  5. {{Icon|GA}} Snow (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|GA}} Hail (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Dew (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Frost (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Ice pellets
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Rain and snow mixed
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Graupel
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Drizzle
  13. {{Icon|C}} Cloudburst
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Rain shadow

=Atmospheric circulation =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Atmospheric circulation (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} High-pressure area (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Cyclone (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Extratropical cyclone (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Hadley cell (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Polar vortex (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Walker circulation (Level 4)

=Storms =

{{Vital article count|38}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Storm (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Winter storm
  3. {{Icon|C}} Blizzard (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Ice storm
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Snow squall
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Whiteout (weather)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Whirlwind
  8. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Tornado (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Landspout
  10. {{Icon|GA}} Waterspout
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Gustnado
  12. {{Icon|C}} Fire whirl
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Dust devil
  14. {{Icon|GA}} Steam devil
  15. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Tropical cyclone (Level 3)
  16. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Atlantic hurricane
  17. {{Icon|FA}} Eye (cyclone)
  18. {{Icon|GA}} Saffir–Simpson scale
  19. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Storm surge
  20. {{Icon|GA}} Tropical cyclogenesis
  21. {{Icon|GA}} Tropical cyclone forecasting
  22. {{Icon|GA}} Dvorak technique
  23. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting
  24. {{Icon|GA}} Tropical cyclone track forecasting
  25. {{Icon|Start}} Tropical cyclone preparedness
  26. {{Icon|GA}} Typhoon
  27. {{Icon|C}} Dust storm (Level 4)
  28. {{Icon|C}} Dust
  29. {{Icon|C}} Atmospheric electricity
  30. {{Icon|B}} Lightning (Level 4)
  31. {{Icon|C}} Lightning strike
  32. {{Icon|B}} Ball lightning
  33. {{Icon|C}} Sprite (lightning)
  34. {{Icon|Start}} Thunder
  35. {{Icon|GA}} Thunderstorm (Level 4)
  36. {{Icon|C}} Supercell
  37. {{Icon|C}} Geomagnetic storm
  38. {{Icon|C}} St. Elmo's fire

=Winds =

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Wind (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Foehn wind
  3. {{Icon|C}} Intertropical Convergence Zone
  4. {{Icon|GA}} Jet stream (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Katabatic wind
  6. {{Icon|C}} Mistral (wind)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Monsoon (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|GA}} Prevailing winds
  9. {{Icon|C}} Sea breeze
  10. {{Icon|GA}} Trade winds (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Vertical draft
  12. {{Icon|GA}} Westerlies
  13. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Wind shear

{{Div col end}}

=Geology =

{{Vital article count|646}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

Geology: General

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Geology (Level 2)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Core sample
  3. {{Icon|B}} Dendrochronology
  4. {{Icon|FA}} Ice core
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Geologic record
  6. {{Icon|C}} Mohs scale
  7. {{Icon|C}} Internal structure of Earth (Level 3)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Earth's crust
  9. {{Icon|B}} Earth's inner core (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Earth's outer core (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|B}} Mantle (geology) (Level 4)
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Mohorovičić discontinuity
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Geological hazard

Geochemistry

{{Vital article count|16}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Geochemistry
  2. {{Icon|B}} Isotope geochemistry
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Primordial nuclide
  4. {{Icon|C}} δ13C
  5. {{Icon|Start}} δ18O
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Geochemical cycle
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Goldschmidt classification
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Igneous differentiation
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Partial melting
  10. {{Icon|C}} Natural hydrogen
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Trace element
  12. {{Icon|C}} Biogeochemistry
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Organic geochemistry
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Remineralisation
  15. {{Icon|B}} Radium and radon in the environment
  16. {{Icon|Stub}} Recrystallization (geology)

Geophysics

{{Vital article count|56}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Geophysics (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Earth's internal heat budget
  3. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Earth's magnetic field (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Geomagnetic pole
  5. {{Icon|C}} Geomagnetic reversal
  6. {{Icon|B}} Ionosphere
  7. {{Icon|C}} Magnetic anomaly
  8. {{Icon|B}} North magnetic pole
  9. {{Icon|Start}} South magnetic pole
  10. {{Icon|C}} Van Allen radiation belt
  11. {{Icon|C}} Forensic geophysics
  12. {{Icon|C}} Geodesy (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|B}} Physical geodesy
  14. {{Icon|C}} Geodynamics
  15. {{Icon|Stub}} Byerlee's law
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Geomathematics
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Geophysical fluid dynamics
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Geothermal gradient
  19. {{Icon|C}} Gravimetry
  20. {{Icon|B}} Gravity of Earth
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Isostasy
  22. {{Icon|C}} Mantle convection
  23. {{Icon|B}} Mantle plume
  24. {{Icon|C}} Near-surface geophysics
  25. {{Icon|C}} Soil liquefaction
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Theory of tides

=Seismology =

{{Vital article count|30}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Seismology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Seismic wave
  3. {{Icon|Start}} P wave
  4. {{Icon|Start}} S wave
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Love wave
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Seismic intensity scales
  7. {{Icon|C}} Modified Mercalli intensity scale
  8. {{Icon|C}} Seismic magnitude scales
  9. {{Icon|C}} Richter scale
  10. {{Icon|C}} Moment magnitude scale
  11. {{Icon|C}} Seismic refraction
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Seismic tomography
  13. {{Icon|Stub}} Seismic zone
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Shadow zone
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Elastic-rebound theory
  16. {{Icon|C}} Earthquake (Level 3)
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Mainshock
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Foreshock
  19. {{Icon|B}} Aftershock
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Megathrust earthquake
  21. {{Icon|C}} Epicenter
  22. {{Icon|B}} Focal mechanism
  23. {{Icon|Start}} Earthquake preparedness
  24. {{Icon|B}} Earthquake prediction
  25. {{Icon|Stub}} Earthquake forecasting
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Earthquake early warning system
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Slow earthquake
  28. {{Icon|Stub}} Interplate earthquake
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Intraplate earthquake
  30. {{Icon|C}} Deep-focus earthquake

Historical geology

{{Vital article count|95}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Geological history of Earth (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Age of Earth
  3. {{Icon|C}} Historical geology

=Geochronology =

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Geochronology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Absolute dating
  3. {{Icon|B}} Radiometric dating
  4. {{Icon|Stub}} Closure temperature
  5. {{Icon|B}} K–Ar dating
  6. {{Icon|C}} Argon–argon dating
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Rubidium–strontium dating
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Uranium–lead dating
  9. {{Icon|C}} Relative dating
  10. {{Icon|C}} Detrital zircon geochronology
  11. {{Icon|C}} Monazite geochronology
  12. {{Icon|C}} Paleomagnetism

  1. {{Icon|B}} Thermochronology

=Paleoclimate =

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Paleoclimatology
  2. {{Icon|C}} Geological history of oxygen
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Paleotempestology
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Paleothermometer

=Events =

{{Vital article count|21}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Late Heavy Bombardment
  2. {{Icon|B}} Great Oxidation Event (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|B}} Snowball Earth
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Huronian glaciation
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Sturtian glaciation
  6. {{Icon|C}} Marinoan glaciation
  7. {{Icon|B}} Cambrian explosion (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|B}} Late Ordovician mass extinction (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|C}} Hirnantian glaciation
  10. {{Icon|B}} Late Devonian mass extinction (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Late Paleozoic icehouse
  12. {{Icon|B}} Permian–Triassic extinction event (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|B}} Triassic–Jurassic extinction event (Level 4)
  14. {{Icon|FA}} Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (Level 4)
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Alvarez hypothesis
  16. {{Icon|B}} Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
  17. {{Icon|B}} Quaternary glaciation
  18. {{Icon|B}} Last Glacial Period
  19. {{Icon|B}} Last Glacial Maximum
  20. {{Icon|B}} Late Pleistocene extinctions
  21. {{Icon|B}} Holocene extinction

=Paleogeography =

{{Vital article count|18}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Paleocontinent
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Baltica
  3. {{Icon|C}} Laurentia
  4. {{Icon|C}} Supercontinent
  5. {{Icon|C}} Gondwana
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Kenorland
  7. {{Icon|B}} Laurasia
  8. {{Icon|B}} Pangaea (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Pannotia
  10. {{Icon|B}} Rodinia
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Ur (continent)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Vaalbara
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Iapetus Ocean
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Paleo-Tethys Ocean
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Panthalassa
  16. {{Icon|C}} Rheic Ocean
  17. {{Icon|C}} Tethys Ocean
  18. {{Icon|C}} Western Interior Seaway

=Geological timescale =

{{Vital article count|36}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Geologic time scale (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Precambrian (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|B}} Hadean
  4. {{Icon|C}} Archean
  5. {{Icon|C}} Eoarchean
  6. {{Icon|C}} Paleoarchean
  7. {{Icon|C}} Mesoarchean
  8. {{Icon|C}} Proterozoic
  9. {{Icon|C}} Paleoproterozoic
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Mesoproterozoic
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Neoproterozoic
  12. {{Icon|B}} Ediacaran
  13. {{Icon|B}} Phanerozoic (Level 4)
  14. {{Icon|B}} Paleozoic (Level 4)
  15. {{Icon|B}} Cambrian (Level 4)
  16. {{Icon|B}} Ordovician
  17. {{Icon|B}} Silurian
  18. {{Icon|B}} Devonian
  19. {{Icon|B}} Carboniferous
  20. {{Icon|B}} Permian (Level 4)
  21. {{Icon|C}} Mesozoic (Level 4)
  22. {{Icon|B}} Triassic (Level 4)
  23. {{Icon|B}} Jurassic (Level 4)
  24. {{Icon|B}} Cretaceous (Level 4)
  25. {{Icon|C}} Cenozoic (Level 4)
  26. {{Icon|B}} Paleogene (Level 4)
  27. {{Icon|FA}} Paleocene
  28. {{Icon|B}} Eocene
  29. {{Icon|B}} Oligocene
  30. {{Icon|B}} Neogene (Level 4)
  31. {{Icon|B}} Miocene
  32. {{Icon|B}} Pliocene
  33. {{Icon|C}} Quaternary (Level 4)
  34. {{Icon|B}} Pleistocene
  35. {{Icon|B}} Holocene (Level 4)
  36. {{Icon|B}} Anthropocene

Terrestrial geology

{{Vital article count|466}}

=Terrestrial geology: General=

{{Vital article count|1}}

  1. {{Icon|Stub}} Aggregate (geology)

=Geologic features =

{{Vital article count|21}}

  1. {{Icon|GA}} Algoman orogeny
  2. {{Icon|C}} Andean orogeny
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Belt Supergroup
  4. {{Icon|B}} Central Asian Orogenic Belt
  5. {{Icon|C}} Columbia River Basalt Group
  6. {{Icon|C}} Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Deccan Traps
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Diapir
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Dike (geology)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Geology of the Appalachians
  11. {{Icon|C}} Geology of the Himalayas
  12. {{Icon|GA}} Hawaii hotspot
  13. {{Icon|C}} Hydrothermal vent
  14. {{Icon|C}} Laramide orogeny
  15. {{Icon|B}} Siberian Traps
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Sill (geology)
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Slave Craton
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Acasta Gneiss
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Slickenside
  20. {{Icon|Stub}} Terra Australis Orogen
  21. {{Icon|C}} Yellowstone hotspot

=Minerals =

{{Vital article count|173}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Mineral (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Mineralogy (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Arsenate mineral
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Erythrite
  5. {{Icon|Stub}} Arsenide mineral
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Loellingite
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Skutterudite
  8. {{Icon|C}} Sperrylite
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Borate mineral
  10. {{Icon|Stub}} Boracite
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Kernite
  12. {{Icon|Stub}} Colemanite
  13. {{Icon|C}} Ulexite
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Painite
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Carbonate mineral
  16. {{Icon|C}} Aragonite
  17. {{Icon|C}} Azurite
  18. {{Icon|C}} Bastnäsite
  19. {{Icon|C}} Calcite
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Iceland spar
  21. {{Icon|C}} Dolomite (mineral)
  22. {{Icon|C}} Magnesite
  23. {{Icon|C}} Malachite
  24. {{Icon|Start}} Rhodochrosite
  25. {{Icon|Start}} Siderite
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Smithsonite
  27. {{Icon|Stub}} Calamine (mineral)
  28. {{Icon|Start}} Crocoite
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Earth pigment
  30. {{Icon|C}} Chalk
  31. {{Icon|C}} Ochre
  32. {{Icon|Start}} Sienna
  33. {{Icon|Start}} Umber
  34. {{Icon|C}} Gemstone
  35. {{Icon|Start}} Halide mineral
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Cryolite
  37. {{Icon|B}} Fluorite
  38. {{Icon|Stub}} Antozonite
  39. {{Icon|C}} Halite
  40. {{Icon|Start}} Sylvite
  41. {{Icon|C}} Mineral physics
  42. {{Icon|Start}} Native element mineral
  43. {{Icon|C}} Native metal
  44. {{Icon|B}} Meteoric iron
  45. {{Icon|Start}} Native copper
  46. {{Icon|Start}} Telluric iron
  47. {{Icon|Start}} Oxide mineral
  48. {{Icon|C}} Anatase
  49. {{Icon|C}} Brookite
  50. {{Icon|Start}} Brucite
  51. {{Icon|Start}} Cassiterite
  52. {{Icon|Start}} Chrysoberyl
  53. {{Icon|C}} Corundum
  54. {{Icon|B}} Sapphire (Level 4)
  55. {{Icon|B}} Ruby (Level 4)
  56. {{Icon|Start}} Cuprite
  57. {{Icon|B}} Hematite
  58. {{Icon|B}} Ilmenite
  59. {{Icon|C}} Limonite
  60. {{Icon|C}} Magnetite
  61. {{Icon|C}} Perovskite
  62. {{Icon|Stub}} Portlandite
  63. {{Icon|Start}} Psilomelane
  64. {{Icon|C}} Pyrolusite
  65. {{Icon|C}} Rutile
  66. {{Icon|Start}} Spinel group
  67. {{Icon|B}} Chromite
  68. {{Icon|Start}} Spinel
  69. {{Icon|Start}} Tantalite
  70. {{Icon|B}} Coltan
  71. {{Icon|C}} Thorianite
  72. {{Icon|Start}} Uraninite
  73. {{Icon|Start}} Phosphate mineral
  74. {{Icon|C}} Apatite
  75. {{Icon|C}} Fluorapatite
  76. {{Icon|Start}} Monazite
  77. {{Icon|C}} Phosphorite
  78. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Turquoise
  79. {{Icon|Start}} Scheelite
  80. {{Icon|Start}} Silicate mineral
  81. {{Icon|Stub}} Aluminosilicate
  82. {{Icon|Start}} Pollucite
  83. {{Icon|C}} Stilbite
  84. {{Icon|B}} Zeolite
  85. {{Icon|B}} Asbestos (Level 4)
  86. {{Icon|Stub}} Feldspathoid
  87. {{Icon|Stub}} Nosean
  88. {{Icon|Start}} Petalite
  89. {{Icon|Start}} Sodalite
  90. {{Icon|Start}} Hauyne
  91. {{Icon|C}} Lazurite
  92. {{Icon|Stub}} Tugtupite
  93. {{Icon|C}} Olivine
  94. {{Icon|Start}} Fayalite
  95. {{Icon|C}} Forsterite
  96. {{Icon|C}} Peridot
  97. {{Icon|B}} Garnet
  98. {{Icon|Start}} Hemimorphite
  99. {{Icon|B}} Zircon
  100. {{Icon|Start}} Andalusite
  101. {{Icon|Start}} Sillimanite
  102. {{Icon|Start}} Kyanite
  103. {{Icon|C}} Staurolite
  104. {{Icon|C}} Topaz
  105. {{Icon|C}} Opal
  106. {{Icon|Start}} Titanite
  107. {{Icon|B}} Tourmaline
  108. {{Icon|Start}} Epidote
  109. {{Icon|Start}} Allanite
  110. {{Icon|Start}} Tanzanite
  111. {{Icon|C}} Beryl
  112. {{Icon|C}} Aquamarine (gem)
  113. {{Icon|C}} Emerald (Level 4)
  114. {{Icon|C}} Pyroxene (Level 4)
  115. {{Icon|Start}} Augite
  116. {{Icon|Start}} Diopside
  117. {{Icon|Start}} Enstatite
  118. {{Icon|C}} Hedenbergite
  119. {{Icon|Stub}} Pigeonite
  120. {{Icon|C}} Spodumene
  121. {{Icon|C}} Wollastonite
  122. {{Icon|Start}} Amphibole
  123. {{Icon|Start}} Hornblende
  124. {{Icon|Start}} Cummingtonite
  125. {{Icon|B}} Jade (Level 4)
  126. {{Icon|B}} Mica (Level 4)
  127. {{Icon|C}} Biotite
  128. {{Icon|C}} Lepidolite
  129. {{Icon|C}} Muscovite
  130. {{Icon|Start}} Clay mineral
  131. {{Icon|Stub}} Hectorite
  132. {{Icon|C}} Kaolinite (Level 4)
  133. {{Icon|Start}} Serpentine subgroup
  134. {{Icon|B}} Serpentinization
  135. {{Icon|B}} Serpentinite
  136. {{Icon|C}} Talc (Level 4)
  137. {{Icon|C}} Chlorite group
  138. {{Icon|B}} Quartz (Level 4)
  139. {{Icon|C}} Amethyst
  140. {{Icon|Start}} Chalcedony
  141. {{Icon|Start}} Carnelian
  142. {{Icon|Start}} Flint
  143. {{Icon|Start}} Onyx
  144. {{Icon|Start}} Feldspar (Level 4)
  145. {{Icon|Start}} Plagioclase
  146. {{Icon|Start}} Labradorite
  147. {{Icon|Start}} Orthoclase
  148. {{Icon|Start}} Microcline
  149. {{Icon|Start}} Anorthite
  150. {{Icon|Start}} Albite
  151. {{Icon|B}} Vermiculite
  152. {{Icon|Start}} Sulfate mineral
  153. {{Icon|Start}} Alunite
  154. {{Icon|C}} Anhydrite
  155. {{Icon|C}} Baryte
  156. {{Icon|C}} Gypsum (Level 4)
  157. {{Icon|C}} Jarosite
  158. {{Icon|Start}} Sulfide mineral
  159. {{Icon|Start}} Arsenopyrite
  160. {{Icon|Start}} Bornite
  161. {{Icon|C}} Chalcopyrite
  162. {{Icon|C}} Cinnabar
  163. {{Icon|Start}} Cobaltite
  164. {{Icon|C}} Galena
  165. {{Icon|Start}} Greenockite
  166. {{Icon|C}} Pentlandite
  167. {{Icon|Start}} Orpiment
  168. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Pyrite
  169. {{Icon|C}} Realgar
  170. {{Icon|Start}} Sphalerite
  171. {{Icon|C}} Stibnite
  172. {{Icon|C}} Troilite
  173. {{Icon|Start}} Wolframite

=Petrology =

{{Vital article count|74}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Petrology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Rock (geology) (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Bedrock
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Ore (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Bowen's reaction series
  6. {{Icon|B}} Igneous rock (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic rock
  8. {{Icon|Stub}} Extrusive rock
  9. {{Icon|B}} Andesite
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Boninite
  11. {{Icon|GA}} Basalt (Level 4)
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Dacite
  13. {{Icon|B}} Komatiite
  14. {{Icon|B}} Rhyolite
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Intrusive rock
  16. {{Icon|B}} Granite (Level 4)
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Greisen
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Granodiorite
  19. {{Icon|C}} Diorite
  20. {{Icon|C}} Gabbro
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Pegmatite
  22. {{Icon|C}} Peridotite
  23. {{Icon|Start}} Kimberlite
  24. {{Icon|C}} Tuff (Level 4)
  25. {{Icon|B}} Magma (Level 4)
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Igneous intrusion
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Batholith
  28. {{Icon|Start}} Porphyry (geology)
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Porphyry copper deposit
  30. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic glass
  31. {{Icon|C}} Obsidian
  32. {{Icon|C}} Pumice
  33. {{Icon|B}} Metamorphic rock (Level 4)
  34. {{Icon|Start}} Schist (Level 4)
  35. {{Icon|Start}} Greenschist
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Blueschist
  37. {{Icon|Start}} Marble (Level 4)
  38. {{Icon|Start}} Gneiss (Level 4)
  39. {{Icon|Start}} Slate (Level 4)
  40. {{Icon|C}} Amphibolite
  41. {{Icon|Start}} Granulite
  42. {{Icon|Start}} Hornfels
  43. {{Icon|B}} Migmatite
  44. {{Icon|Stub}} Phyllite
  45. {{Icon|Start}} Quartzite
  46. {{Icon|Start}} Tectonite
  47. {{Icon|Stub}} Cataclasite
  48. {{Icon|Start}} Mylonite
  49. {{Icon|B}} Sedimentary rock (Level 4)
  50. {{Icon|Start}} Carbonate rock
  51. {{Icon|C}} Limestone (Level 4)
  52. {{Icon|Start}} Dolomite (rock)
  53. {{Icon|Start}} Oolite
  54. {{Icon|Start}} Clastic rock
  55. {{Icon|C}} Shale
  56. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Oil shale (Level 4)
  57. {{Icon|B}} Mudrock
  58. {{Icon|Start}} Siltstone
  59. {{Icon|C}} Sandstone (Level 4)
  60. {{Icon|Start}} Greywacke
  61. {{Icon|C}} Conglomerate (geology) (Level 4)
  62. {{Icon|B}} Breccia (Level 4)
  63. {{Icon|C}} Bauxite (Level 4)
  64. {{Icon|B}} Concretion
  65. {{Icon|C}} Manganese nodule
  66. {{Icon|Start}} Evaporite
  67. {{Icon|C}} Carnallite
  68. {{Icon|Stub}} Kainite
  69. {{Icon|GA}} Banded iron formation
  70. {{Icon|Start}} Ironstone
  71. {{Icon|Start}} Nodule (geology)
  72. {{Icon|Start}} Turbidite
  73. {{Icon|B}} Meteorite (Level 4)
  74. {{Icon|Start}} Porosity

=Sedimentology =

{{Vital article count|41}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Sediment (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Grain size
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Boulder
  4. {{Icon|B}} Clay (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Cobble (geology)
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Gravel (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Loam
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Mud
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Pebble
  10. {{Icon|C}} Sand (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Silt
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Pelagic sediment
  13. {{Icon|C}} Siliceous ooze
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Till
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Alluvium
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Deposition (geology)
  17. {{Icon|C}} Diagenesis
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Sedimentary basin (Level 4)
  19. {{Icon|C}} Sediment transport
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Sediment gravity flow
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Bed load
  22. {{Icon|Stub}} Suspended load
  23. {{Icon|Stub}} Dissolved load
  24. {{Icon|Start}} Aggradation
  25. {{Icon|Stub}} Degradation (geology)
  26. {{Icon|C}} Bioturbation
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Cementation (geology)
  28. {{Icon|C}} Sedimentary structures
  29. {{Icon|C}} Cross-bedding
  30. {{Icon|Start}} Hummocky cross-stratification
  31. {{Icon|Start}} Bedform
  32. {{Icon|Stub}} Ripple marks
  33. {{Icon|Start}} Soft-sediment deformation structures
  34. {{Icon|Start}} Mudcrack
  35. {{Icon|Stub}} Graded bedding
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Lamination (geology)
  37. {{Icon|C}} Bed (geology)
  38. {{Icon|Start}} Roundness (geology)
  39. {{Icon|B}} Regolith
  40. {{Icon|Start}} Paleosol
  41. {{Icon|Start}} Loess

=Soil science =

{{Vital article count|26}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Soil science (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Detritus
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Edaphology
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Humus
  5. {{Icon|B}} Soil (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|B}} Peat (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Podzol
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Topsoil
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Soil chemistry
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Soil acidification
  11. {{Icon|B}} Soil pH
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Soil classification
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Soil texture
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Soil type
  15. {{Icon|C}} Soil erosion
  16. {{Icon|C}} Soil fertility (Level 4)
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Soil formation (Level 4)
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Soil health
  19. {{Icon|C}} Soil horizon
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Soil morphology
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Soil physics
  22. {{Icon|Start}} Pedology
  23. {{Icon|Stub}} Leaching (pedology)
  24. {{Icon|Start}} Pedosphere (Level 4)
  25. {{Icon|C}} Plant litter
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Tilth

=Stratigraphy =

{{Vital article count|29}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Stratigraphy (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Lithostratigraphy
  3. {{Icon|C}} Biostratigraphy
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Chronostratigraphy
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Magnetostratigraphy
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Sequence stratigraphy
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Stratigraphic unit
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Group (stratigraphy)
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Geological formation
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Greenstone belt
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Stratum
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Marine regression
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Marine transgression
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Basement (geology)
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Contact (geology)
  16. {{Icon|B}} Unconformity
  17. {{Icon|B}} Law of superposition
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Facies
  19. {{Icon|Stub}} Stratigraphic section
  20. {{Icon|Start}} System (stratigraphy)
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Series (stratigraphy)
  22. {{Icon|Start}} Stage (stratigraphy)
  23. {{Icon|Start}} Biozone
  24. {{Icon|LIST}} List of index fossils
  25. {{Icon|Stub}} Sequence (geology)
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Parasequence
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Type locality (geology)
  28. {{Icon|Stub}} Cratonic sequence
  29. {{Icon|C}} Past sea level

=Structural geology =

{{Vital article count|22}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Structural geology
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Boudinage
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Ductility (Earth science)
  4. {{Icon|Stub}} Brittle–ductile transition zone
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Fabric (geology)
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Foliation (geology)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Crenulation
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Lineation (geology)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Fold (geology) (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Anticline
  11. {{Icon|Stub}} Syncline
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Fracture (geology)
  13. {{Icon|C}} Joint (geology)
  14. {{Icon|C}} Fault (geology) (Level 4)
  15. {{Icon|C}} Thrust fault (Level 4)
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Detachment fault
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Shear (geology)
  18. {{Icon|C}} Cleavage (geology)
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Vein (geology)
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Shear zone
  21. {{Icon|B}} Strike and dip
  22. {{Icon|Start}} Structural basin

=Tectonics =

{{Vital article count|58}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Plate tectonics (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Continental drift
  3. {{Icon|C}} Continent (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Continental fragment
  5. {{Icon|C}} Craton
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Continental shelf (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Continental margin
  8. {{Icon|Stub}} Continental rise
  9. {{Icon|GA}} Abyssal plain (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Divergent boundary
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Rift
  12. {{Icon|C}} Mid-ocean ridge (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Pull-apart basin
  14. {{Icon|C}} Transform fault
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Convergent boundary
  16. {{Icon|B}} Subduction
  17. {{Icon|B}} Oceanic trench (Level 4)
  18. {{Icon|C}} Accretionary wedge
  19. {{Icon|Stub}} Slab (geology)
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Slab pull
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Tectonic uplift
  22. {{Icon|B}} Orogeny
  23. {{Icon|Stub}} Forearc
  24. {{Icon|B}} Back-arc basin
  25. {{Icon|C}} Foreland basin
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Passive margin
  27. {{Icon|C}} Décollement
  28. {{Icon|C}} Lithosphere (Level 4)
  29. {{Icon|C}} Crust (geology) (Level 4)
  30. {{Icon|C}} Continental crust
  31. {{Icon|C}} Oceanic crust
  32. {{Icon|B}} Upper mantle
  33. {{Icon|C}} Lower mantle
  34. {{Icon|B}} Asthenosphere
  35. {{Icon|Start}} Shield (geology)
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Triple junction
  37. {{Icon|Stub}} Geologic province
  38. {{Icon|Start}} Transition zone (Earth)
  39. {{Icon|Start}} Core–mantle boundary

==Tectonic plates ==

{{Vital article count|19}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} African plate
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Arabian plate
  3. {{Icon|Stub}} Amur plate
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Antarctic plate
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Caribbean plate
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Cocos plate
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Eurasian plate
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Indo-Australian plate
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Nazca plate
  10. {{Icon|Start}} North American plate
  11. {{Icon|Stub}} Okhotsk plate
  12. {{Icon|C}} Pacific plate
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Philippine Sea plate
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Scotia plate
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Somali plate
  16. {{Icon|Start}} South American plate
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Sunda plate
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Farallon plate
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Juan de Fuca plate

=Volcanology =

{{Vital article count|21}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanology
  2. {{Icon|C}} Volcanism
  3. {{Icon|B}} Volcanic arc
  4. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Volcano (Level 3)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Supervolcano
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Cinder cone
  7. {{Icon|B}} Shield volcano
  8. {{Icon|C}} Stratovolcano
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Complex volcano
  10. {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|FFA}} Geyser (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Hotspot (geology) (Level 4)
  12. {{Icon|B}} Lava (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|C}} Lahar
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Magma chamber
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Volatile (astrogeology)
  16. {{Icon|C}} Pyroclastic flow
  17. {{Icon|B}} Hot spring
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Lava dome
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Submarine volcano
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic crater
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic plug

{{Div col end}}

=Geomorphology =

{{Vital article count|115}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

Geomorphology: General

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Geomorphology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Erosion (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Abrasion (geology)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Mass wasting
  5. {{Icon|B}} Avalanche (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|B}} Landslide (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Mudflow
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Rockslide
  9. {{Icon|C}} Weathering (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Subsidence

Landforms

{{Vital article count|105}}

=Landforms: General=

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Landform (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Land (Level 2)
  3. {{Icon|Stub}} Highland
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Upland and lowland
  5. {{Icon|C}} Hill (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Valley (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Rift valley
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Ravine
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Plateau (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Plain (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Depression (geology)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Impact crater (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Isostatic depression
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Escarpment

=Aeolian landforms =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Aeolian processes (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Dune (Level 4)

=Artificial landforms =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Artificial island (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Land reclamation (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Polder (Level 4)

=Caves =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Cave (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Speleology
  3. {{Icon|C}} Karst (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Speleothem
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Stalactite
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Stalagmite
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Solutional cave
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Lava tube
  9. {{Icon|C}} Sinkhole
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Cenote

=Fluvial landforms =

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|Stub}} River morphology
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Alluvial fan (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Canyon (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|Stub}} Cut bank
  5. {{Icon|C}} Floodplain (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Gully
  7. {{Icon|C}} Meander (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Rapids (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Waterfall (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Bar (river morphology)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Point bar
  12. {{Icon|Stub}} Promontory
  13. {{Icon|Stub}} Stream bed
  14. {{Icon|C}} Wadi

=Glacial landforms =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Glacial landform (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Cirque
  3. {{Icon|C}} Esker
  4. {{Icon|C}} Fjord (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Moraine (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Post-glacial rebound
  7. {{Icon|Start}} U-shaped valley

=Montane landforms =

{{Vital article count|9}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Mountain (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Mountain formation
  3. {{Icon|C}} Mountain range (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Fault block
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Fold mountains
  6. {{Icon|C}} Mountain pass
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Ridge
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Summit
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Scree

=Oceanic and coastal landforms =

{{Vital article count|32}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Oceanic basin
  2. {{Icon|C}} Archipelago (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Bay (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Beach (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Shingle beach
  6. {{Icon|C}} Coast (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Cliffed coast
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Coastal geography
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Flat coast
  10. {{Icon|Stub}} Headland
  11. {{Icon|Stub}} Cape (geography)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Lagoon (Level 4)
  13. {{Icon|C}} Peninsula (Level 4)
  14. {{Icon|GA}} Island (Level 3)
  15. {{Icon|LIST}} Tidal island
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Barrier island
  17. {{Icon|Start}} Coral island
  18. {{Icon|C}} Atoll (Level 4)
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic island
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Islet
  21. {{Icon|Start}} Lake island
  22. {{Icon|LIST}} River island
  23. {{Icon|C}} Uninhabited island
  24. {{Icon|Start}} Reef
  25. {{Icon|GA}} Seamount (Level 4)
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Guyot
  27. {{Icon|C}} Mudflat
  28. {{Icon|B}} Bay mud
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Isthmus
  30. {{Icon|B}} Sea cave
  31. {{Icon|C}} Shoal
  32. {{Icon|Start}} Stack (geology)

=Other erosional landforms =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Badlands
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Butte
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Cliff (Level 4)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Hummock
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Mesa (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Terrace (geology)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Tor (rock formation)

=Volcanic landforms =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Caldera
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Flood basalt
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Fumarole
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Large igneous province
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Lava field
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Maar
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic cone

{{Div col end}}

=Water =

{{Vital article count|121}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

Water: General

{{Vital article count|16}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Aquatic ecosystem
  2. {{Icon|C}} Deep-sea community
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Freshwater ecosystem
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Neuston
  5. {{Icon|C}} Cryosphere (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Eutrophication
  7. {{Icon|B}} Flood (Level 3)
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Flash flood
  9. {{Icon|C}} Hydrosphere (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Salinity
  11. {{Icon|C}} Fresh water
  12. {{Icon|C}} Brackish water
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Saline water
  14. {{Icon|C}} Brine
  15. {{Icon|C}} Water quality
  16. {{Icon|C}} Whirlpool

Oceanography

{{Vital article count|49}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Oceanography (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Marine chemistry
  3. {{Icon|C}} Marine ecosystem
  4. {{Icon|B}} Marine coastal ecosystem
  5. {{Icon|B}} Ocean surface ecosystem
  6. {{Icon|C}} Sea surface microlayer
  7. {{Icon|C}} Marine habitat
  8. {{Icon|B}} Coral reef (Level 4)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Kelp forest
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Littoral zone
  11. {{Icon|B}} Mangrove forest
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Neritic zone
  13. {{Icon|B}} Seagrass meadow
  14. {{Icon|C}} Benthic zone
  15. {{Icon|B}} Marine sediment
  16. {{Icon|B}} Marine life
  17. {{Icon|B}} Ocean (Level 3)
  18. {{Icon|Start}} Ocean dynamics
  19. {{Icon|C}} Ekman transport
  20. {{Icon|C}} Upwelling
  21. {{Icon|C}} Ocean current (Level 4)
  22. {{Icon|C}} Rip current
  23. {{Icon|Start}} Ocean surface topography
  24. {{Icon|C}} Thermohaline circulation (Level 4)
  25. {{Icon|C}} Ocean temperature
  26. {{Icon|GA}} Sea surface temperature
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Oceanic zone
  28. {{Icon|C}} Pelagic zone
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Photic zone
  30. {{Icon|Start}} Aphotic zone
  31. {{Icon|C}} Mesopelagic zone
  32. {{Icon|B}} Bathypelagic zone
  33. {{Icon|Start}} Abyssal zone
  34. {{Icon|C}} Hadal zone
  35. {{Icon|FA}} Sea (Level 2)
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Seabed (Level 4)
  37. {{Icon|Start}} Sea level (Level 4)
  38. {{Icon|GA}} Sea level rise
  39. {{Icon|C}} Seawater
  40. {{Icon|Start}} Strait
  41. {{Icon|B}} Tide (Level 4)
  42. {{Icon|C}} Intertidal zone
  43. {{Icon|C}} Tide pool
  44. {{Icon|C}} Tidal range
  45. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Tsunami (Level 4)
  46. {{Icon|B}} Megatsunami
  47. {{Icon|B}} Turbidity current
  48. {{Icon|C}} Wind wave
  49. {{Icon|B}} Rogue wave

Glaciology

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Glaciology
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Basal sliding
  3. {{Icon|C}} Crevasse
  4. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Glacier (Level 4)
  5. {{Icon|B}} Iceberg (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Ice sheet (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Ice shelf (Level 4)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Methane clathrate
  9. {{Icon|GA}} Permafrost (Level 4)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Sea ice (Level 4)

Hydrology

{{Vital article count|46}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Hydrology (Level 4)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Body of water (Level 4)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Discharge (hydrology)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Streamflow
  5. {{Icon|C}} Groundwater (Level 4)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Spring (hydrology) (Level 4)
  7. {{Icon|B}} Aquifer
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Artesian well
  9. {{Icon|C}} Groundwater recharge
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Hydrography (Level 4)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Lake (Level 3)
  12. {{Icon|B}} Alpine lake
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Dry lake (Level 4)
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Salt pan (geology)
  15. {{Icon|C}} Glacial lake
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Proglacial lake
  17. {{Icon|B}} Lake ecosystem
  18. {{Icon|C}} Lake stratification
  19. {{Icon|B}} Oxbow lake
  20. {{Icon|C}} Pond (Level 4)
  21. {{Icon|C}} Puddle
  22. {{Icon|Start}} Pluvial lake
  23. {{Icon|Stub}} Rift lake
  24. {{Icon|Stub}} Salt lake
  25. {{Icon|C}} Underground lake
  26. {{Icon|Start}} Volcanic crater lake
  27. {{Icon|Start}} Limnology (Level 4)
  28. {{Icon|GA}} River (Level 3)
  29. {{Icon|Start}} Alluvial river
  30. {{Icon|Start}} Arroyo (watercourse)
  31. {{Icon|C}} Avulsion (river)
  32. {{Icon|C}} Bedrock river
  33. {{Icon|B}} Distributary
  34. {{Icon|B}} Braided river
  35. {{Icon|Start}} Confluence
  36. {{Icon|C}} Drainage basin (Level 4)
  37. {{Icon|C}} Endorheic basin
  38. {{Icon|C}} Estuary (Level 4)
  39. {{Icon|Start}} River mouth
  40. {{Icon|C}} River delta (Level 4)
  41. {{Icon|B}} River ecosystem
  42. {{Icon|Start}} River source
  43. {{Icon|Start}} Stream
  44. {{Icon|Start}} Thalweg
  45. {{Icon|Start}} Tributary
  46. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Water cycle (Level 4)

{{Div col end}}

{{Core topics}}

All languages should have

Vital articles