:1900

The year 1900 was the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Two days into the new year, The U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy regarding China, advocating for equal access for all nations to the Chinese market. The Galveston hurricane would become the deadliest natural disaster in United States history, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people, mostly in and near Galveston, Texas, as well as leaving 10,000 people homeless, destroying 7,000 buildings of all kinds in Galveston. As of 2025, it remains the fourth deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.

An ongoing Boxer Rebellion in China escalates with multiple attacks by the Boxers on Chinese and European civilians, killing hundreds, the rebellion would progress with the Russian Empire's invasion of Manchuria and the Battle of Peking (1900). On the Scramble for Africa, The Battle of Kousséri would see French forces secure their domination of Chad, which would become a French colony. Britain would annex the South African Republic and the Orange Free State in Southern Africa, becoming the Orange River Colony till 1910

For Britain, developments such as the Battle of Platrand, Battle of Spion Kop and the Battle of Paardeberg in the Second Boer War highlighted the harsh nature of Boer guerrilla tactics. The British Labour Party was founded in 1900, emerging out of the Labour movement and socialist parties of the 19th century, it would go on to become a major political force in Britain after the First World War. The Federation of Australia is enacted, marking the unification of its colonies into a single country.

Four main scientific discoveries were achieved in the year 1900:

1. Max Planck formulates Planck's law of black-body radiation, marking the birth of modern quantum mechanics, which would revolutionize humanity's understanding of the universe, leading to groundbreaking discoveries in technology, energy, and the fabric of reality itself
2. Botanist Hugo de Vries would rediscover Mendel's laws of heredity, laying the foundation for the field of genetics.
3. The ABO blood group system, which becomes fundamental in transfusion medicine is discovered by Karl Landsteiner, saving countless of lives across the globe.
4. Gamma Rays are discovered by French physicist Paul Villard, while studying uranium decay, unveiling the mystery of the universe's most powerful phenomena, marking an important advancement in nuclear physics.

Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca premiers, one of the most frequently performed operas worldwide, a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder, and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias.{{Year nav|1900}}

L. Frank Baum, an American author, publishes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a cornerstone of American children’s literature, marking the first book of the Oz series.

The U.S. Senate accepts the British-German Treaty of 1899 on January 14. This formally ended U.S. claims to the Samoan Islands, U.S.-UK Treaty for a Central American Canal would be signed on February 5. While the initial plan for a Nicaraguan canal did not materialize, this treaty laid the groundwork for the construction of the Panama Canal, a project of immense geopolitical and economic importance.

The year 1900 also marked the Year of the Rat on the Chinese calendar.

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File:Flag Map of The World (1900).png

{{Main|January 1900}}

File:BoxerSoldiers.jpg

• January 2 – U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote American trade with China.
• January 6 – Second Boer War: Boers attempt to end the Siege of Ladysmith, which leads to the Battle of Platrand.
• January 14
• Puccini's opera Tosca premieres in Rome.
• The U.S. Senate accepts the British-German Treaty of 1899, in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the American Samoa portion of the Samoan Islands.

File:Boers at Spion Kop, 1900 - Project Gutenberg eText 16462.jpg: Boers at Spion Kop]]

• January 24 – Second Boer War: Battle of Spion Kop – Boer troops defeat the British Army.
• January 27 – Boxer Rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking, Qing dynasty China, demand that the Boxer rebels (who oppose foreign interests in the country) be disciplined.
• January 31 – Datu Muhammad Salleh, leader of the Mat Salleh Rebellion in North Borneo, is shot dead in Tambunan.

{{Main|February 1900}}

File:LabourPartyPlaque.jpg in 1900.]]

• February 5 – The United Kingdom and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal across Central America in Nicaragua.
• February 6 – The International Arbitration Court at The Hague is created, when the Netherlands' Senate ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
• February 8 – Second Boer War: British troops defeat the Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
• February 15 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Kimberley is lifted.
• February 16 – The Southern Cross expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink achieves a new Farthest South of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the Great Ice Barrier.{{cite book|author-link= Hugh Robert Mill|last=Mill|first= Hugh Robert|title= The Siege of the South Pole|publisher=Alston Rivers|location= London|year= 1905 |pages=402}}
• February 17 – Second Boer War: Battle of Paardeberg – British troops defeat the Boers.
• February 27
• The British Labour Party is officially established, at a meeting in the Congregational Memorial Hall in London, and Ramsay MacDonald is appointed as its first secretary.
• Second Boer War: British military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé.
• FC Bayern, Germany's most successful football club, is founded in Munich.

{{Main|March 1900}}

• March 5 – Two U.S. Navy cruisers are sent to Central America to protect American interests in a dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
• March 6 – A coal mine explosion in West Virginia, United States, kills 50 miners.
• March 14 – Botanist Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel's laws of heredity.
• March 16 – British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans purchases the land on Crete on which the ruins of the Palace of Knossos stand. He begins to unearth some of the palace three days later.
• March 23 – Karl Landsteiner first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of blood type, which will universally be referred to as the ABO blood group systemLandsteiner, Karl (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe". Zbl f. Bakt. 27:357–362 (issue of March 23, 1900) and for which he will be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.

{{Main|April 1900}}

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• April 14 – The Exposition Universelle, a world's fair, opens in Paris.
• April 22 – Battle of Kousséri: French forces secure their domination of Chad. Warlord Rabih az-Zubayr is defeated and killed.

{{Main|May 1900}}

• May – American explorer Robert Peary is the first person to sight Kaffeklubben Island.{{cite book|title=The Canadian Surveyor|publisher=Canadian Institute of Surveying and Mapping|year=1970 |page=150}}
• May 1 – Scofield Mine disaster: An explosion of blasting powder in a coal mine in Scofield, Utah, kills 200 people.
• May 14 – The second Olympic Games, Paris 1900, open (as part of the Paris World Exhibition).
• May 17
• Second Boer War: The British Army relieves the Siege of Mafeking.
• Boxer Rebellion: Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians.
• L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's Oz books, chronicling the fictional Land of Oz for children.
• May 18 – The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.{{cite book |last1=Minnerop |first1=Petra |last2=Wolfrum |first2=Rüdiger |last3=Lachenmann |first3=Frauke |title=International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-883509-7 |page=784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiKQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA784 |language=en}}
• May 21 – The Chinese province of Manchuria is invaded by the Russian Empire.
• May 24 – Second Boer War: The British annex the Orange Free State, as the Orange River Colony.
• May 28 – Boxer Rebellion: Boxers attack Belgians in the Fengtai railway station.
• May 29 – N'Djamena, the capital city of Chad, is founded as Fort-Lamy by French commander Émile Gentil.
• May 31 – Boxer Rebellion: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they eventually unite with Japanese forces.

{{Main|June 1900}}

• June 5 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
• June 11 – 1899–1900 peasant unrest in Bulgaria starts to turn passive.{{cite book|last=Hristov|first=Hristo|year=1962|title=Селските вълнения и бунтове 1899–1900|trans-title=Peasant Disturbances and Rebellions 1899–1900|url=https://chitanka.info/text/29695-selskite-vylnenija-i-buntove-1899-1900.epub|format=epub|language=bg|publisher=Izdatelstvo na Natsionalnia Savet na Otechestvenia Front|via=chitanka.info}}
• June 14 – The Reichstag approves the second of the German Naval Laws allowing expansion of the Imperial German Navy.
• June 17 – Boxer Rebellion: Battle of Dagu Forts – Naval forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture the Taku Forts, on the Hai River estuary in China.
• June 20 – Boxer Rebellion: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking, and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
• June 25 – Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.
• June 30 – Hoboken Docks fire: A wharf fire at the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey, spreads to German passenger ships {{SS|Saale||2}}, {{SS|Main|1900|2}} and {{SS|Bremen|1896|2}}. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.

{{Main|July 1900}}

File:First Zeppelin ascent.jpg: First successful rigid airship flight by Zeppelin LZ 1]]

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• July 1 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria makes a morganatic marriage with Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg.
• July 2 – The first zeppelin airship flight, by Zeppelin LZ 1, is carried out over Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
• July 9 – The Federation of Australia is enacted, marking the unification of its colonies into a single country.
• July 12 – The new German cruise liner SS Deutschland breaks the record for the Blue Riband on her maiden transatlantic voyage with an average speed of {{convert|22.4|kn|km/h}}.
• July 19 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens.
• July 23 – 25 – The First Pan-African Conference is held in London.
• July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci in Monza.

{{Main|August 1900}}

• August – The first Michelin Guide is published in France."What's Observed in a Rating? Rankings as Orientation in the Face of Uncertainty", by Elena Esposito and David Stark, in The Performance Complex: Competition and Competitions in Social Life, ed. by David Stark (Oxford University Press, 2020) p.124
• August 14 – Boxer Rebellion: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the European hostages.

{{Main|September 1900}}

• September 8 – The 1900 Galveston hurricane, killing around 8,000 people. It is the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history.
• September 12 – Admiral Fredrik von Otter becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
• September 13 – Philippine–American War: Battle of Pulang Lupa – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a detachment of American soldiers.
• September 17 – Philippine–American War: Battle of Mabitac – Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat the Americans.

{{Main|October 1900}}

• October 9 – The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
• October 19 – Max Planck first states Planck's law of black-body radiation to a meeting of the German Physical Society in Berlin, marking the birth of modern quantum mechanics.{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=Max|title=Thirty Years that Shook Physics|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=978-0486248950|year=1985}} He restates it on December 14.
• October 24 – 1900 United Kingdom general election: voting concludes with the Unionists led by the Marquess of Salisbury re-elected.
• October 25 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

{{Main|November 1900}}

• November 6 – 1900 United States presidential election: Republican incumbent William McKinley is re-elected by defeating Democratic challenger William Jennings Bryan in a rematch.
• November 7 – 1900 Canadian federal election: Liberal incumbent Sir Wilfrid Laurier is reelected by defeating Conservative leader Sir Charles Tupper again after having done that in the 1896 Canadian federal election.
• November 29 – Herbert Kitchener succeeds Frederick Roberts as commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa and implements a scorched earth strategy.{{cite book|last=Pakenham|first=Thomas|title=The Boer War|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishers|year=1979|isbn=978-0868500461}}

{{Main|December 1900}}

• December 5 – The final Anglo-Ashanti War, "War of the Golden Stool", is declared over. Most of the British troops and Governor James Willcocks depart the city of Kumasi.
• December 14 – History of quantum mechanics: Max Planck presents his groundbreaking paper on quantum theory to the German Physical Society in Berlin.
• December 16 – The German training frigate Gneisenau, with 450 naval cadets on board, sinks in a storm during exercises off of the Spanish coast at Málaga, drowning 136.
• December 17 – The Prix Guzman, first and only prize ever offered for communication with extraterrestrial life, is announced in Paris. A prize of 100,000 francs is provided, except for communication with Mars, which is considered too easy.
• December 19 – Hopetoun Blunder: The first Governor-General of Australia, John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government, and is forced to resign.
• December 23 – Reginald Fessenden makes the first use of amplitude modulation (the basis for AM radio) for wireless transmission of the human voice, from Cobb Island (Maryland).
• December 24 – Boxer Rebellion Demands: The foreign powers present their 12 conditions for reform to the Chinese Imperial government, including the payment of a large indemnity.
• December 28 – The first steel produced by electrometallurgy (from an electric furnace) is delivered.

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• January 1
• Xavier Cugat, Spanish-born Cuban bandleader (d. 1990){{cite book | last = Roberts | first = John | title = The Latin tinge : the impact of Latin American music on the United States | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780195121018 | page=59}}
• Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat and humanitarian (d. 1986){{Cite news|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|title=Sempo "Chiune" Sugihara, Japanese Savior|work=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en-US|archive-date=April 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421045129/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/others/sempo-quot-chiune-quot-914/|url-status=dead}}
• January 2 – William Haines, American actor (d. 1973)
• January 3 – Maurice Jaubert, French composer and soldier (d. 1940)
• January 4 – James Bond, American ornithologist (d. 1989)
• January 5 – Yves Tanguy, French painter (d. 1955)
• January 6 – Maria of Yugoslavia, queen consort (d. 1961){{Cite news|url=http://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-queen-maria-of-yugoslavia/|title=HM Queen Maria of Yugoslavia|work=Royal Family of Serbia|access-date=2017-10-17|language=en-US|archive-date=April 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413202412/http://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-queen-maria-of-yugoslavia/|url-status=live}}
• January 8
• Dorothy Adams, American character actress (d. 1988){{Citation|title=Dorothy Adams : Classic Movie Hub (CMH)|url=http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=September 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917150900/http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/dorothy-adams/|url-status=live}}
• Solon Earl Low, Canadian social credit politician (d. 1962)
• January 16 – Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (d. 1945){{Cite web|url=http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706062831/http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Franks-History/All-people/Edith-Frank/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-07-06|title=Edith Frank|date=2010-07-06|access-date=2017-10-18}}
• January 18 – Wan Laiming, Chinese animator (d. 1997)
• January 20 – Colin Clive, British actor (d. 1937)
• January 24 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
• January 26 – Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
• January 27 – Hyman G. Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
• January 30 – Martita Hunt, Argentine-born British actress (d. 1969){{Cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/67/101067806/|title=Martita Hunt|website=oxforddnb.com|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220125843/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/67/101067806/|url-status=live}}
• January 31 – Betty Parsons, American artist, art dealer and collector (d. 1982){{Cite web|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-01999.html|title=American National Biography Online: Parsons, Betty|website=anb.org|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-date=March 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322025247/http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-01999.html|url-status=live}}

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• February 4 – Jacques Prévert, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
• February 5 – Adlai Stevenson II, American politician (d. 1965)
• February 11
• Ellen Broe, Danish nurse, pioneer in nursing education (d. 1994){{Cite web|url=http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708132625/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-07-08|title=Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon – Ellen Broe|date=2007-07-08|access-date=2017-10-19}}
• Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (d. 2002)
• Jōsei Toda, Japanese educator and activist (d. 1958)
• February 12
• Vasily Chuikov, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union during WWII (d. 1982)
• Roger J. Traynor, American judge (d. 1983)
• February 21 – Jeanne Aubert, French singer and actress (d. 1988){{cite web|url=http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|title=Biographie de Jeanne Aubert (1900–1988)|website=histoire-vesinet.org|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061414/http://www.histoire-vesinet.org/j-aubertbio.htm|url-status=live}}
• February 22 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
• February 24 – Irmgard Bartenieff, German-American dancer, physical therapist and pioneer of dance therapy (d. 1981)
• February 26 – Halina Konopacka, Polish discus thrower, Olympic champion (1928) (d. 1989){{Cite web|url=http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/bio/1020,konopacka-matuszewska-szczerbinska-halina-wlasciwie-leonarda-kazimiera.html|title=Biografie • Polski Komitet Olimpijski|last=Olimpijski|first=Polski Komitet|website=olimpijski.pl|language=pl|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-date=October 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014212253/http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/bio/1020,konopacka-matuszewska-szczerbinska-halina-wlasciwie-leonarda-kazimiera.html|url-status=dead}}

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• March 3
• Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, Indian independence activist (d. 1966){{cite web|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|website=mpositive.in|date=August 30, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2022|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123142325/https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-maghfoor-ahmed-ajazi-bihar/|url-status=live}}
• Edna Best, British actress (d. 1974){{Cite web|url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|title=Edna Best – Hollywood Star Walk – Los Angeles Times|website=projects.latimes.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063243/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/edna-best/|url-status=live}}
• March 4 – Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter, film director (d. 1971)
• March 7
• Fritz London, German physicist (d. 1954)
• Carel Willink, Dutch painter (d. 1983)[https://artway.eu/content.php?id=3366&lang=en&action=show Willink, Carel]
• March 8 – Howard H. Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
• March 12 – Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 19th President of Colombia (d. 1975)
• March 13
• Sālote Tupou III, queen regnant of Tonga, (d. 1965){{cite book|last=Wood-Ellem|first=Elizabeth|author-link=Elizabeth Wood-Ellem|title=Queen Sālote of Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900–1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5LL854qzTAC|year=1999|publisher=Auckland University Press|location=Auckland, N.Z|isbn=978-0-8248-2529-4|oclc=262293605|page=1}}
• Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1971)
• March 17 – Alfred Newman, American film composer (d. 1970)
• March 19 – Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958){{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/ |website=NobelPrize.org |access-date=2 January 2022 |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022045213/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/ |url-status=live }}
• March 23 – Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980){{cite web|url=http://www.enelvolcan.com/oct2013/294-fromm-otro-volcan-en-cuernavaca|title=Fromm: otro volcán en Cuernavaca|publisher=En el Volcan|date=October 1, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2019|language=es|trans-title=Fromm: Another volcano in Cuernavaca|archive-date=May 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531165844/http://www.enelvolcan.com/oct2013/294-fromm-otro-volcan-en-cuernavaca|url-status=live}}
• March 29
• Sir John McEwen, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)C.J. Lloyd, '[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619150150/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm |date=June 19, 2006 }}', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 15, Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp 205–208
• Oscar Elton Sette, American fisheries scientist (d. 1972)
• March 31 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, British royal family member (d. 1974)

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• April 1 – Stefanie Clausen, Danish Olympic diver (d. 1981){{Cite web|url=http://www.stefanie-fryland-clausen.com/|title=Stefanie Fryland Clausen|website=stefanie-fryland-clausen.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-19|archive-date=April 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401112722/http://www.stefanie-fryland-clausen.com/|url-status=live}}
• April 3 – Camille Chamoun, 7th president of Lebanon (d. 1987)
• April 5 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
• April 8 – Marie Byles, Australian solicitor (d. 1979){{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411235131/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/byles-marie-beuzeville-9652|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-11|title=Biography – Marie Beuzeville Byles – Australian Dictionary of Biography|date=2015-04-11|access-date=2017-10-22}}
• April 11 – Sándor Márai, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1989)
• April 16 – Polly Adler, Russian-born American author, madam (d. 1962){{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 |title=Notable American women : the modern period : a biographical dictionary |date=1980 |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674627338 |editor-last=Sicherman |editor-first=Barbara |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/7 7] |oclc=6487187 |editor-last2=Green |editor-first2=Carol Hurd}}
• April 18 – Bertha Isaacs, Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. 1997){{Cite web|url=http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128230606/http://www.womensuffragebahamas.com/history/suffrage-women/albertha-isaacs/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-28|title=Albertha Isaacs « Women Suffrage Bahamas|date=2012-11-28|access-date=2017-10-19}}
• April 21 – Hans Fritzsche, German Nazi official (d. 1953)
• April 24 – Elizabeth Goudge, English novelist (d. 1984){{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|title=ELIZABETH GOUDGE|date=1984-04-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130034152/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/27/obituaries/elizabeth-goudge.html|url-status=live}}
• April 25 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• April 26 – Charles Richter, American seismologist and physicist (d. 1985)[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-F-Richter Charles F. Richter American physicist]
• April 28 – Maurice Thorez, French Communist leader (d. 1964)
• April 30 – David Manners, Canadian-American actor (d. 1998)

• May 1 – Ignazio Silone, Italian author (d. 1978)
• May 2 – A. W. Lawrence, British archaeologist (d. 1991)
• May 6 – Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. 2010)
• May 10
• Beryl May Dent, English mathematical physicist (d. 1977){{Cite book|author=|year=2003|title=Beryl Dent at the University of Bristol Department of Physics|publisher=University of Bristol Physics Library|id=DM1961/2|type=Document|location=Bristol|language=en|url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961%2f2&pos=1|access-date=May 11, 2021|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020133627/https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961/2&pos=1|url-status=live}}
• Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, British-American astronomer, astrophysicist (d. 1979){{Cite book|title=The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers |date=2007|publisher=Springer |editor1=Thomas Hockey |editor2=Virginia Trimble |editor3=Thomas R. Williams |editor4=Katherine Bracher |editor5=Richard A. Jarrell |editor6=Jordan D. Marché |editor7=JoAnn Palmeri |editor8=Daniel W. E. Green|isbn=9780387304007|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicalency00hock_878/page/n907 876]|oclc=184930573}}
• May 11 – Thomas H. Robbins Jr., American admiral (d. 1972)
• May 13 – Karl Wolff, German SS functionary and war criminal (d. 1984)
• May 14 – Cai Chang, Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. 1990){{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women social reformers|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp|url-access=limited|first=Helen|last=Rappaport|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1576075818|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp/page/n162 125]–126|oclc=52710512}}
• May 15 – Ida Rhodes, American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. 1986){{Cite book|title=Notable women in mathematics : a biographical dictionary|date=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press |editor1=Morrow, Charlene |editor2=Perl, Teri|isbn=9780313291319|location=Westport, Conn.|oclc=36768082|url=https://archive.org/details/notablewomeninma00morr}}
• May 23 – Hans Frank, German Nazi official (executed 1946)
• May 28 – Tommy Ladnier, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1939)
• May 29 – David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, British politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1967)
• May 31 – Lucile Godbold, American Olympic athlete (d. 1981){{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/godbold-lucile-ellerbe/|title=Godbold, Lucile Ellerbe – South Carolina Encyclopedia|encyclopedia=South Carolina Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020035121/http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/godbold-lucile-ellerbe/|url-status=live}}

File:Dennis Gabor 1971b.jpg]]

File:11exupery-inline1-500.jpg]]

• June 5 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-born British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• June 7 – Frederick Terman, American electrical engineer, professor (d. 1982)
• June 11 – Leopoldo Marechal, Argentine writer (d. 1970)
• June 17
• Martin Bormann, German Nazi official (d. 1945)
• Evelyn Irons, Scottish journalist, war correspondent (d. 2000){{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html|title=Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99|last=Lewis|first=Paul|date=2000-04-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=July 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731204124/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html|url-status=live}}
• June 21 – Choi Yong-kun, North Korean general, defense minister (d. 1976)
• June 24 – Raphael Lemkin, Polish international lawyer (d. 1959)
• June 25
• Georgia Hale, American silent film actress (d. 1985){{Cite book|title=Charlie Chaplin: intimate close-ups|last=Hale|first=Georgia|date=1999|publisher=Scarecrow|others=Kiernan, Heather.|isbn=978-1578860043|location=Lanham, Md.|pages=x|oclc=43929623}}
• Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English naval officer and last Viceroy of India (assassinated) (d. 1979)
• June 29 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French aviator and writer (d. 1944)[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoine-de-Saint-Exupery Antoine de Saint-Exupéry French author]

File:Eyvind.JPG]]

• July 3 – Alessandro Blasetti, Italian film director and screenwriter (d. 1987)
• July 4
• Robert Desnos, French poet (d. 1945)
• Nellie Mae Rowe, African-American folk artist (d. 1982){{Cite web|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|title=Nellie Mae Rowe (1900–1982)|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012231435/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/nellie-mae-rowe-1900-1982|url-status=live}}
• July 5 – Bernardus Johannes Alfrink, Dutch cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht (d. 1987)[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balfrink.html Bernardus Johannes Cardinal Alfrink]. Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 25 Sep 2024.
• July 6 – Frederica Sagor Maas, American playwright, essayist and author (d. 2012){{Cite web|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|title=Frederica Sagor Maas – Women Film Pioneers Project|website=wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221111335/https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-frederica-sagor-maas/|url-status=dead}}
• July 7 – Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)
• July 10 – Evelyn Laye, English actress (d. 1996){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evelyn-Laye|title=Evelyn Laye {{!}} British actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=November 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103170449/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evelyn-Laye|url-status=live}}
• July 13 – George Lewis, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1968)
• July 23 – John Babcock, last surviving Canadian World War I veteran (d. 2010)
• July 28 – Lady Dorothy Macmillan, spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1966)
• July 29
• Eyvind Johnson, Swedish novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
• Teresa Noce, Italian labor leader, activist and journalist (d. 1980){{Cite encyclopedia|date=2002-01-01|title=Noce, Teresa (1900–1980)|encyclopedia=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591307063.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220190538/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591307063.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-02-20}}

File:Arturo Umberto Illia 1965.jpg]]

File:Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother portrait.jpg]]

• August 3 – Ernie Pyle, American journalist (d. 1945)
• August 4
• Arturo Umberto Illia, 34th President of Argentina (d. 1983)
• Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, British queen consort of George VI (d. 2002){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-queen-consort-of-United-Kingdom|title=Elizabeth {{!}} queen consort of United Kingdom|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022195611/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-queen-consort-of-United-Kingdom|url-status=live}}
• August 6 – Cecil Howard Green, British-born geophysicist, businessman (d. 2003)
• August 9 – Charles Farrell, American actor (d. 1990)
• August 10 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand politician, athlete (d. 1994)
• August 11 – Alexander Mosolov, Russian composer (d. 1973)
• August 15 – Estelle Brody, American silent film actress (d. 1995){{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryestelle-brody-1585164.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryestelle-brody-1585164.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=OBITUARY:Estelle Brody|date=1995-06-06|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}}
• August 17 – Vivienne de Watteville, British travel writer and adventurer (d. 1957){{Cite web|url=http://www.lukashartmann.ch/pdf/1.7.a.Erw.Tochter%20Materialien.pdf|title=Materialien zum Lukas Hartmanns Roman "Die Tochter des Jägers"|last=Hartmann|first=Lukas|website=Lukas Hartmann|language=de|access-date=October 23, 2017|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201811/http://www.lukashartmann.ch/pdf/1.7.a.Erw.Tochter%20Materialien.pdf|url-status=live}}
• August 18
• Glenn Albert Black, American archaeologist (d. 1964)
• Ruth Norman, American religious leader (d. 1993){{Cite book|title=When prophecy never fails : myth and reality in a flying-saucer group|last=Tumminia|first= Diana G.|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195176759|location=Oxford|pages=Appendix 1|oclc=56481658}}
• August 19
• Colleen Moore, American actress (d. 1988){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|title=Colleen Moore {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023013242/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colleen-Moore|url-status=live}}
• Gilbert Ryle, British philosopher (d. 1976)
• Dorothy Burr Thompson, American archaeologist, art historian (d. 2001){{Cite web|url=http://www.brown.edu/Research/Breaking_Ground/bios/Thompson_Dorothy%20Burr.pdf|title=Dorothy Burr Thompson 1900–2001|last=Uhlenbrock|first=Jaimee P.|website=Brown University|access-date=October 22, 2017|archive-date=August 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809205352/http://www.brown.edu/Research/Breaking_Ground/bios/Thompson_Dorothy%20Burr.pdf|url-status=live}}
• August 23 – Ernst Krenek, Austrian-American composer (d. 1991)
• August 25 – Sir Hans Krebs, German-born British biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1981)

File:Urho-Kekkonen-1977-c.jpg]]

• September 3 – Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland (d. 1986)
• September 6 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
• September 8 – Tilly Devine, English-born Australian organised crime boss (d. 1970){{Cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/devine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623031546/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/devine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-06-23|title=Biography – Matilda Mary (Tilly) Devine – Australian Dictionary of Biography|date=2015-06-23|access-date=2017-10-22}}
• September 17 – J. Willard Marriott, American entrepreneur, founder of Marriott International (d. 1985)
• September 18 – Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, 1st prime minister of Mauritius (d. 1985)
• September 20 – Uuno Klami, Finnish composer (d. 1961)
• September 22 – Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)
• September 26 – Suzanne Belperron, French jewellery designer (d. 1983){{Cite web|url=http://www.langantiques.com/university/Belperron|title=Belperron – AJU|website=langantiques.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023064257/http://www.langantiques.com/university/Belperron|url-status=live}}
• September 27 – Miguel Alemán Valdés, 46th President of Mexico, 1946–1952 (d. 1983){{cite web|url=https://www.miguelaleman.org/index.php/biografias/presidente-miguel-aleman-valdes|title=Biografia|publisher=Fundacion Miguel Aleman, A.C.|language=es|access-date=May 31, 2019|archive-date=December 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221031347/https://www.miguelaleman.org/index.php/biografias/presidente-miguel-aleman-valdes|url-status=usurped}}

File:Promotional photograph of Helen Hayes.jpg]]

File:Princess Mother Srinagarindra.jpg]]

File:Douglas Jardine.jpg]]

• October 5 – Bing Xin, Chinese author, poet, known for her contributions to children's literature (d. 1999){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|title=Bingxin {{!}} Chinese author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330180156/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bingxin|url-status=live}}
• October 7 – Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi official, SS head (d. 1945)
• October 10 – Helen Hayes, American actress (d. 1993){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|title=Helen Hayes {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=September 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926082631/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helen-Hayes|url-status=live}}
• October 16 – Edward Ardizzone, English painter, printmaker and author (d. 1979)
• October 17 – Jean Arthur, American actress (d. 1991){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|title=Jean Arthur {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022200126/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Arthur|url-status=live}}
• October 18 – Sarah Bavly, Dutch-Israeli nutritionist, author and educator (d. 1993){{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/Bavly-Sarah|title=Sarah Bavly {{!}} Jewish Women's Archive|website=jwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=June 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603181316/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/bavly-sarah|url-status=live}}
• October 19 – Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
• October 20 – Ismail al-Azhari, 2nd Prime Minister of Sudan, 3rd President of Sudan (d. 1969)
• October 21 – Srinagarindra, Princess Mother of Thailand (d. 1995)
• October 23 – Douglas Jardine, English cricketer (d. 1958)[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/douglas-jardine-15481 Douglas Jardine England]
• October 26
• Ibrahim Abboud, 4th prime minister, 1st president of Sudan (d. 1983)
• Karin Boye, Swedish poet and novelist (d. 1941){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|title=Karin Boye {{!}} Swedish author|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=August 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812155655/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karin-Boye|url-status=live}}
• October 28 – Wajid Ali Khan Burki, Pakistani ophthalmologist and army officer.[https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/wajid-ali-khan-burki Wajid Ali Khan Burki]. Royal College of Physicians. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
• October 30 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish-born Swedish physiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Ragnar Granit |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ragnar-Granit |website=britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=30 November 2022 |language= |date=}}

File:Margaret Mitchell NYWTS.jpg]]

File:Aaron Copland 1970.JPG]]

• November 4 – Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. 1954)
• November 5
• Martin Dies Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
• Natalie Schafer, American actress (d. 1991)
• November 8 – Margaret Mitchell, American novelist (Gone With The Wind) (d. 1949){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|title=Margaret Mitchell {{!}} American novelist|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=June 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628021722/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Mitchell|url-status=live}}
• November 13 – David Marshall Williams, American inventor (d. 1975)
• November 14 – Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
• November 16
• Eliška Junková, Czechoslovakian automobile racer (d. 1994){{Cite news|url=https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|title=AVC – Famous Racing drivers – Eliška Junková|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en-gb|archive-date=October 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111929/https://www.auto-veteran.com/index.php/en/latest-news/item/329-eliska-junkova-1900-1994-en|url-status=live}}
• Nikolai Pogodin, Soviet playwright (d. 1962)
• November 19 – Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983){{cite web |title=Anna Seghers |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |website=Jewish Women's Archive |date=July 5, 2021 |access-date=18 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010215329/https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |url-status=live }}
• November 25 – Rudolf Höss, German Nazi official (d. 1947)
• November 29
• Mildred Gillars, American broadcaster (Axis Sally), employed by Nazi Germany to disseminate propaganda during WWII (d. 1988){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mildred-Gillars|title=Mildred Gillars {{!}} American traitor|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-20|language=en|archive-date=October 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026034057/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mildred-Gillars|url-status=live}}
• Håkan Malmrot, Swedish swimmer (d. 1987)
• November 30 – Luigi Stipa, Italian engineer and aircraft designer (d. 1992)

File:Agnes Moorehead Bewitched 1969.JPG]]

• December 3 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967){{cite web | editor=Karl Grandin | title=Richard Kuhn Biography | url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/kuhn-bio.html | work=Les Prix Nobel | publisher=The Nobel Foundation | year=1938 | access-date=29 November 2020 | archive-date=April 9, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409215407/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/kuhn-bio.html | url-status=live }}
• December 6 – Agnes Moorehead, American actress (Bewitched) (d. 1974){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Agnes-Moorehead|title=Agnes Moorehead {{!}} American actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419084143/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Agnes-Moorehead|url-status=live}}
• December 7 – Kateryna Bilokur, Ukrainian folk artist (d. 1961){{Cite web|url=http://en.uartlib.org/kateryna-bilokur-biographical-sketch/|title=Kateryna Bilokur: Biographical sketch – Ukrainian Art Library|website=en.uartlib.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-21|date=2015-01-22|archive-date=October 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009125621/http://en.uartlib.org/kateryna-bilokur-biographical-sketch/|url-status=live}}
• December 16 – Rudolf Diels, German Nazi civil servant, Gestapo chief (d. 1957)
• December 17
• Mary Cartwright, British mathematician (d. 1998){{Cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Cartwright.html|title=Mary Cartwright Times obituary|website=www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk|access-date=2017-10-20|archive-date=May 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512113259/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Cartwright.html|url-status=live}}
• Katina Paxinou, Greek actress (d. 1973){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katina-Paxinou|title=Katina Paxinou {{!}} Greek actress|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108165931/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katina-Paxinou|url-status=live}}
• December 19 – Margaret Brundage, American illustrator (Weird Tales) (d. 1976){{Cite web|url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/brundage_margaret|title=Authors : Brundage, Margaret : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia|website=sf-encyclopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-date=October 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085100/http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/brundage_margaret|url-status=live}}
• December 22 – Alan Bush, British composer, pianist and conductor (d. 1995)
• December 23 – José de León Toral, Mexican assassin of president Álvaro Obregón (d. 1929)
• December 24
• Joey Smallwood, first Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador (d. 1991)
• Hussein Al Oweini, 18th prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1971)
• December 25 – Antoni Zygmund, Polish mathematician (d. 1992)

• Rubén Jaramillo, Mexican peasant leader (d. 1962){{cite web|url=https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/quien-fue-ruben-jaramillo|title=¿Quién fue Rubén Jaramillo?|last=Salmerón|first=Luis A.|date=July 3, 2018|publisher=Relatos e Historias de Mexico|access-date=March 10, 2019|language=es|trans-title=Who was Ruben Jaramillo?|archive-date=April 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415233833/https://relatosehistorias.mx/nuestras-historias/quien-fue-ruben-jaramillo|url-status=live}}
• Yung Fung-shee, Hong Kong philanthropist (d. 1972)

File:John Ruskin 1863.jpg]]

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File:Mary Kingsley West African Studies.jpg]]

File:Josephine Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.jpg]]

• January 5 – William A. Hammond, American military physician, neurologist, and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (b. 1828)
• January 11 – James Martineau, English religious philosopher (b. 1805){{cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3242352|title=Obituary – Dr. James Martineau, London – January 12, 1900|work=The West Australian |date=15 January 1900 |page=5 |access-date=15 January 2014 |via=Trove}}
• January 16 – S. M. I. Henry, American evangelist (b. 1839)
• January 20 – John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (b. 1819)
• February 18 – Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (b. 1824)
• February 23 – William Butterfield, British architect (b. 1814)
• March 6
• Carl Bechstein, German piano maker (b. 1826){{cite web |url=http://www.carl-bechstein-gymnasium.de/profil/artikel/geschichte/erkner/erkneranerhefte/heft3.pdf |author=Bernd Rühle |title=Carl Bechstein (1826–1900) Über Leben und Lebenswerk eines grossen Klavierbauers... |accessdate=6 April 2018 |archive-date=May 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505181133/http://www.carl-bechstein-gymnasium.de/profil/artikel/geschichte/erkner/erkneranerhefte/heft3.pdf |url-status=dead }}
• Gottlieb Daimler, German inventor, automotive pioneer (b. 1834)
• March 7 – Rachel Lloyd, American chemist (b. 1839)
• March 10 – Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, Danish composer (b. 1805)
• March 18 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (b. 1835)
• March 28 – Piet Joubert, Boer politician, military commander (b. 1834)
• March 29 – Cyrus K. Holliday, cofounder of Topeka, Kansas, 1st president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (b. 1826)
• April 2 – Gustaf Åkerhielm, 6th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1833)
• April 5
• Joseph Bertrand, French mathematician (b. 1822)
• Maria Louise Eve, American author (b. 1848)
• Osman Nuri Pasha, Ottoman military leader (b. 1832)
• April 7 – Frederic Edwin Church, American landscape painter (b. 1826)
• April 12 – James Richard Cocke, American physician, homeopath, and pioneer hypnotherapist (b. 1863)
• April 17 – George Curry, Wild West robber (Wild Bunch) (shot) (b. 1871)
• April 19 – James Dawson, Australian activist (b. 1806)
• April 21 – Vikramatji Khimojiraj, Indian ruler (b. 1819)
• April 22 – Amédée-François Lamy, French soldier (b. 1858) (killed in battle)
• April 24 – George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, British politician (b. 1823)
• April 30 – Casey Jones, American railway engineer (b. 1864)
• May 1 – Mihály Munkácsy, Hungarian painter (b. 1844)
• May 2 – Seweryn Morawski, Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1819)
• May 9 – Carit Etlar (Carl Brosbøll), Danish author (b. 1816)
• May 18 – Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
• May 28 – Sir George Grove, English music writer (b. 1820)
• June 2 – Samori Ture, West African empire-builder (b. 1830)
• June 3 – Mary Kingsley, English explorer, writer (b. 1862){{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Henrietta-Kingsley|title=Mary Henrietta Kingsley {{!}} English traveler|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-22|language=en|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702040809/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Henrietta-Kingsley|url-status=live}}
• June 5 – Stephen Crane, American author (b. 1871)
• June 11 – Belle Boyd, American Confederate spy, actress (b. 1843)
• June 19 – Princess Josephine of Baden (b. 1813)

File:Ritratto di Umberto I.jpg]]

File:Nietzsche187a.jpg]]

File:Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan.jpg]]

File:Oscar Wilde MET DP136272.jpg]]

• July 5 – Henry Barnard, American educationalist (b. 1811)
• July 8 – Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist (b. 1820)
• July 9 – Gregorio Grassi, Italian Franciscan friar, Roman Catholic martyr and saint (b. 1833)
• July 26 – Nicolae Crețulescu, 2-time prime minister of Romania (b. 1812)
• July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1844)
• July 30 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, second son of Queen Victoria (b. 1844){{cite book |last1=Panton |first1=James |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA40 |language=en}}
• August 1 – Rafael Molina Sanchez, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1841)
• August 4 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian engineer (b. 1822)
• August 7 – Wilhelm Liebknecht, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1826){{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Liebknecht, Wilhelm |volume=16 |page=592}}
• August 8
• Emil Škoda, Czech engineer and industrialist (b. 1839)
• József Szlávy, 6th prime minister of Hungary (b. 1818)
• August 10 – Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1832)
• August 12 – Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian-born chess player, first undisputed World Champion (b. 1836)
• August 13 – Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1853)
• August 16 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
• August 23 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
• August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher, writer (b. 1844)
• September 23
• William Marsh Rice, American philanthropist, university founder (b. 1816)
• Arsenio Martínez-Campos, Spanish general, revolutionary, and Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1831)
• September 29 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician (b. 1814)
• October 15 – Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer (b. 1850)
• October 19 – Sir Roderick Cameron, Canadian shipping magnate (b. 1825)
• October 22 – John Sherman, American politician (b.1823)
• October 28 – Max Müller, German philologist, Orientalist (b. 1823)
• November 22 – Sir Arthur Sullivan, English composer (b. 1842)
• November 26 – Méry Laurent, French artist's muse, model (b. 1849)
• November 30 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854){{cite web |title=Oscar Wilde |url=https://www.bl.uk/people/oscar-wilde |website=www.bl.uk |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112093040/https://www.bl.uk/people/oscar-wilde |url-status=live }}
• December 4 – Aquileo Parra, 11th President of Colombia (b. 1825)
• December 14 – Paddy Ryan, Irish-American boxer, former world's heavyweight champion (b. 1851)
• December 21 – Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, Prussian field marshal (b. 1810)

{{Main|List of countries by population in 1900}}

• World population: 1,640,000,000
• Africa: 133,000,000
• Asia: 947,000,000
• Japan: c. 45,000,000
• Europe: 408,000,000
• Latin America: 74,000,000
• Northern America: 82,000,000
• Oceania: 6,000,000

{{clear}}

{{Reflist}}

• Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events...1900 (1901), vast compendium of data; global coverage [https://books.google.com/books?id=DEwoAAAAMAAJ&q=intitle:cyclopaedia+intitle:events online edition]
• Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century 1900–1933, Vol. 1 (1997) pp 7–35; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare.
• Herbert C. Fyfe, Pearson's Magazine, July 1900: [http://www.forgottenfutures.com/library/wend/wend.htm "How Will The World End?"]

{{Events by month links}}