List of University of Chicago alumni

• Luis Alvarez (A.B. 1932, S.M. 1934, Ph.D. 1936) – Physics, 1968
• Emily Green Balch (attended) – Peace, 1946NNDB list of notable people affiliated with the [http://www.nndb.com/edu/520/000068316/ University of Chicago].
• Moungi Bawendi (Ph.D. 1988) – Chemistry, 2023
• Gary Becker (A.M. 1953, Ph.D. 1955) – Economics, 1992
• Saul Bellow (X. 1939) – Literature, 1976
• Bruce A. Beutler (M.D. 1981) – Medicine, 2011
• Herbert Brown (S.B. 1936, Ph.D. 1938) – Chemistry, 1979
• James M. Buchanan (Ph.D. 1948) – Economics, 1986
• Owen Chamberlain (Ph.D. 1949) – Physics, 1959
• J. M. Coetzee (Professor) – Literature, 2003
• James Cronin (S.M. 1953, Ph.D. 1955) – Physics, 1980
• Clinton Davisson (S.B. 1909) – Physics, 1937
• Eugene Fama (M.B.A. 1963, Ph.D. 1964) – Economics, 2013
• Jerome Friedman (A.B. 1950, S.M. 1953, Ph.D. 1956) – Physics, 1990
• Milton Friedman (A.M. 1933) – Economics, 1976
• Claudia Goldin (Ph.D. 1972) – Economics, 2023
• John B. Goodenough (Ph.D. 1952) – Chemistry, 2019
• John M. Jumper (Ph.D. 2017) - Chemistry, 2024
• Ernest Lawrence (X. 1923) – Physics, 1939
• Tsung-Dao Lee (Ph.D. 1950) – Physics, 1957
• Robert Lucas Jr. (A.B. 1959, Ph.D. 1964) – Economics, 1995
• Harry Markowitz (A.B. 1947, A.M. 1950, Ph.D. 1955) – Economics, 1990
• Robert Millikan (X. 1894) – Physics, 1923
• Robert Mulliken (Ph.D. 1921) – Chemistry, 1966
• Paul Romer (S.B. 1977, Ph.D. 1983) – Economics, 2018
• Irwin Rose (S.B. 1948, Ph.D. 1952) – Chemistry, 2004
• F. Sherwood Rowland (S.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1952) – Chemistry, 1995
• Paul Samuelson (A.B. 1935) – Economics, 1970
• Myron Scholes (M.B.A. 1964, Ph.D. 1969) – Economics, 1997
• Herbert A. Simon (A.B. 1936, Ph.D. 1943) – Economics, 1978
• George E. Smith (Ph.D. 1959) – Physics, 2009
• Roger Sperry (Ph.D. 1941) – Medicine, 1981
• Jack Steinberger (S.B. 1942; Ph.D. 1949) – Physics, 1988
• George Stigler (S.B. 1942, Ph.D. 1949) – Economics, 1982
• Edward Lawrie Tatum (X. 1931) – Medicine, 1958
• Daniel Tsui (S.M. 1963, Ph.D. 1967) – Physics, 1998
• James Dewey Watson (S.B. 1947) – Medicine, 1962
• Frank Wilczek (A.B. 1970) – Physics, 2004; MacArthur Fellow (1982)
• Chen Ning Yang (Ph.D. 1948) – Physics, 1957

• Hastings Banda (Ph.B. 1931) – Prime Minister of Malawi (1964–1966, 1966–1994){{cite web|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/9802/html/body_deaths.html|title=Deaths|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=February 19, 2011}}
• William Lyon Mackenzie King (A.M. 1897) – Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)
• Lien Chan (Ph.D. 1965) – Premier of the Republic of China (1993–1997)
• Álvaro Magaña (A.M. 1955) – President of El Salvador (1982–1984)
• Geoffrey Palmer (J.D. 1967) – Prime Minister of New Zealand (1989–1990)
• Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (A.B. 1952) – President of Bolivia (1993–97, 2002–2003){{cite web|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/alumni/notable/|title=Notable alumni|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=December 18, 2009}}

• Shimon Agranat (J.D. 1929) – President of the Supreme Court of Israel (1965–1976)
• Prince Chad Al-Sherif Pasha (A.M. 2006) – of the Hijaz and Turkey{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/yemen/shihrmukalla.html|title=SHIHR & MUKALLA|first=Henry|last=Soszynski|website=members.iinet.net.au|access-date=2017-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418154926/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/yemen/shihrmukalla.html|archive-date=2017-04-18|url-status=dead}}
• Saul Alinsky (Ph.B. 1930) – labor organizer and political activist
• Daniel Ankeles (A.B. 2004) – Member of the Maine House of Representatives (2022–present) {{Cite web |title=Dan Ankeles |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Dan_Ankeles |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Ballotpedia |language=en}}
• Bernard W. Aronson (A.B. 1967) – United States Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs (1989–1993)
• John Ashcroft (J.D. 1967) – Attorney General of the United States (2001–2005)
• David Axelrod (A.B. 1977) – author and former senior advisor to President Barack Obama
• Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill (J.S.D.) – judge and academic; justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana (1971–1972)
• Paul Bloom (1939–2009) – lawyer who recovered $6 billion for the United States Department of EnergyMartin, Douglas. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/us/13bloom.html "Paul L. Bloom, Who Tackled Overcharging by Oil Companies, Dies at 70"], The New York Times, October 13, 2009. Accessed October 27, 2009.
• Robert H. Bork (A.B. 1948, J.D. 1953) – Attorney General of the United States (1973–1974); United States Court of Appeals Judge (1982–1988)
• Marvin Braude (A.B. 1941) – member of Los Angeles City Council (1965–1997)
• Lisa Brown (J.D. 1986) – White House Staff Secretary (2009–2011)
• William Holmes Brown (J.D. 1954) – Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives (1974–1994)
• Charles W. Bryan (1867–1945) – 20th and 23rd Governor of Nebraska{{cite web|title=Charles W. Bryan|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_nebraska/col2-content/main-content-list/title_bryan_charles.html|publisher=National Governors Association|access-date=24 September 2012}}
• Lindsey Burke (A.M. 2012) – lawyer and member of the Kentucky house of representatives (2023–present)
• John E. Cashman (J.D.) – Member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 1st district (1923–1938, 1941–1946)
• Ahmed Chalabi (Ph.D. 1969) – interim Oil Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq
• Elizabeth Cheney (J.D. 1996) – member of the United States House of Representatives from Wyoming (2017–2023) and daughter of former U.S. Vice President Richard Cheney
• Ramsey Clark (A.M. 1950, J.D. 1951) – Attorney General of the United States (1967–1969)
• Benjamin V. Cohen (Ph.B 1914, J.D. 1915) – member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's brain trust
• James Comey (J.D. 1985) – seventh director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Lycurgus Conner (A.B., J.D.) – member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1961–1963)
• Richard Cordray (J.D. 1986) – 1st director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 49th attorney general of Ohio, 46th Treasurer of Ohio
• Jon S. Corzine (M.B.A. 1973) – Governor of New Jersey (D) (2006–2010); United States Senator (D-NJ) (2001–2006); former chairman and CEO of Goldman Sachs; University trustee
• Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (X. 1933) – General of the United States Air Force (1954); Assistant Secretary of Transportation under Richard Nixon
• Francisco Gil Diaz (Ph.D. 1972) – former Secretary of Finance and Public Credit of Mexico (2000–2006)
• James I. Dolliver (J.D. 1921) – Republican U.S. representative from Iowa's 6th congressional district (1945–1957)
• Jon Dudas (J.D.) – former Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property
• Frank H. Easterbrook (J.D. 1973) – Circuit Judge, United States Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
• Allison H. Eid (J.D. 1991) – 95th Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
• Troy Eid (J.D. 1991) – United States Attorney for the District of Colorado (2006–2009)
• Harvey Feldman (A.B. ?, A.M. 1954) – drafter of the Taiwan Relations Act, United States Ambassador to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (1979–1981){{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/08/AR2009030801657.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2009-03-08|access-date=2009-08-19|title=Obituaries: Harvey J. Feldman, 77 – Ambassador Helped Plan Nixon's China Visit|last=Bernstein|first=Adam}}
• Noel Francisco (A.B. 1991, J.D. 1996) – 47th solicitor general of the United States
• Jerome Frank (A.B. 1909, J.D. 1912) – legal philosopher, Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission
• Stanton Friedman (S.B. 1955, S.M. 1956) – nuclear physicist, UFOlogist
• Douglas H. Ginsburg (J.D. 1973) – Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
• Jackie Goldberg (M.A.T. 1973) – California State Assembly member (2000–2006)
• Anastasia Golovashkina (A.B. 2015) – social media director for Elizabeth Warren's 2020 presidential campaign
• Paulo Guedes (Ph.D. 1978) – Brazilian Minister of the Economy
• Avril Haines (A.B. 1992) – Deputy Director of the CIA (2013–2015), Deputy National Security Advisor (2015–2017), Director of National Intelligence (2021–2025)
• Alexander Hoehn-Saric (A.B. 1991) – Chairman of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (2021–2025)
• William J. Holloway (A.B. 1910) – 8th governor of Oklahoma (1929–1931)
• James Hormel (J.D. 1958) – United States Ambassador to Luxembourg (1999–2001)
• Constance Horner (A.M. 1967) – member of the United States Commission on Civil Rights (1993–1998); public official in the Reagan and first Bush administrations, independent director of Pfizer, Prudential Financial, and Ingersoll Rand{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/169/000123797/|title=Constance J. Horner|publisher=nndb.com|access-date=August 1, 2014}}
• Harold LeClair Ickes (A.B. 1897, J.D. 1907) – United States Secretary of the Interior (1933–1946)
• Fred Ikle (A.M. 1948, Ph.D. 1950) – former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; Director of U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1973–1977)
• Peter Jambrek (Ph.D. 1971) – President of the Constitutional Court (1991–1993) and Minister of the Interior of Slovenia (2000), member of the European Court for Human Rights (1993–1999)
• Raymond A. Joseph (A.M. 1963) – twice in charge of the Haiti Embassy in Washington, D.C. (1990–1991 and 2004–2010)
• Patricia Kabbah (A.M. 1963) – former first lady of Sierra Leone
• Anne Kaiser (A.B. 1990) – Member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 2003–present
• Harold C. Kessinger – newspaper editor and publisher, lecturer, and Illinois state legislator
• Zalmay Khalilzad (Ph.D. 1979) – United States Ambassador to the United Nations (2007–2009); former United States Ambassador to Afghanistan
• Ro Khanna (A.B. 1998) – Member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 17th district (2017–present)
• Koh Tsu Koon (Ph.D. 1977) – third Chief Minister of the State of Penang, Malaysia (1990–2008)
• Andy Kim (A.B. 2004) – member of the United States Senate from New Jersey (2024–present), United States House of Representatives (2019–2024), and former national security adviser for Barack Obama
• Amy Klobuchar (J.D. 1985) – United States Senate (D-MN) (2007–present)
• Larry Krasner (A.B. 1983) – District Attorney of Philadelphia since 2018 and former federal public defender
• Alexander Krasnoshchyokov (J.D. 1912) – Soviet politician, first chairman of the Government of the Far Eastern Republic
• Jewel Lafontant (J.D. 1946) – United Nations delegate
• Brad Lander (A.B. 1991) – 45th New York City Comptroller and former New York City Council Member, 39th district
• Rex E. Lee (J.D. 1963) – 37th solicitor general of the United States
• Thomas Rex Lee (J.D. 1991) – professor and former Associate Justice of the Utah Supreme Court (2010–2022)
• Edward Levi (A.B. 1932, J.D. 1935) – Attorney General of the United States (1975–1977)
• Paul Alan Levy (J.D. 1976) — attorney at Public Citizen specializing in Internet-related free speech issues
• Lori Lightfoot (J.D. 1989) – Mayor of Chicago (2019–2023)
• Lien Chan (Ph.D. 1965) – Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under President Lee Teng-hui (1996–2000)
• Justin Yifu Lin (Ph.D. 1986) – senior vice president and first chief economist from a developing country for the World Bank (2008–present)
• Robert Todd Lincoln (J.D. 1867) – 35th United States Secretary of War
• T. D. A. Lingo (S.B., S.M.) – folk singer, radio personality, and brain researcher
• Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo – Kenyan trade unionist and politician
• Jack Markell (M.B.A. 1985) – Governor of Delaware (2009–2017)
• Antonio Martino (M.B.A. 1968) – Italian Minister of Defence (2001–2006), minister of foreign affairs (1994–1995), and scholar
• Michael W. McConnell (J.D. 1979) – Circuit Judge, United States Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals
• David M. McIntosh (J.D. 1983) – Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana's 2nd district, President of the Club for Growth
• Marco Antonio Mena Rodríguez – Governor-elect of Tlaxcala
• Abner J. Mikva (J.D. 1951) – Illinois congressman (1956–1966); United States congressman (1969–1973, 1975–1979); United States Court of Appeals Judge (1979–1994)
• Patsy Mink (J.D. 1951) – United States House of Representatives (D-HI) (1965–1977, 1990–2002)
• Carol Moseley Braun (J.D. 1972) – United States Senate (D-IL) (1992–1998); United States Ambassador (1999–2001)
• Richard A. Mugalian – Illinois state representative and lawyerIllinois Blue Book 1979–1980 Biographical Sketch of Richard A. Mugalian, pg. 71
• Eliot Ness (A.B. 1925) – United States Treasury and Bureau of Prohibition agent, head of The Untouchables
• William Niskanen (A.M. 1955, Ph.D. 1962) – chairman of the Cato Institute in Washington, D.C.
• Ajit Pai (J.D. 1997) – chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (2017–2021)
• James B. Parsons (A.M. 1946, J.D. 1949) – first African-American Federal District Court Judge (1991–1992)University of Chicago [https://www.uchicago.edu/alumni/notable/ Notable Alumni] page
• Peter George Peterson (M.B.A. 1951) – United States Secretary of Commerce (1972–1973)
• Abraham A. Ribicoff (J.D. 1933) – 4th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, 80th governor of Connecticut
• Pete Ricketts (A.B. 1986, M.B.A. 1991){{cite web|last1=Greenberg|first1=Jon|title=Here's the pitch|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/1008/features/heres-the-pitch.shtml|website=University of Chicago Magazine|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=9 January 2015}} – 40th Governor of Nebraska (2015–2023); United States Senate (R-NE) (2023–present)
• Paul Romer (B.A. 1977, Ph.D. 1983) – Chief Economist of the World Bank
• Kyle Sampson (J.D. 1996) – chief of staff and counselor of United States Attorney General Alberto Gonzales
• Bernie Sanders (A.B. 1964) – United States Senator (VT); United States House of Representatives; 2016 and 2020 presidential candidate
• David Schuman (Ph.D. 1974) – Oregon Court of Appeals Judge{{cite web|url= http://courts.oregon.gov/COA/judgebios/schumanbio.page |title=The Honorable David Schuman|publisher=Court of Appeals – Oregon Judicial Department|access-date=April 8, 2011}}
• Masaaki Shirakawa (A.M. 1977) – governor, Bank of Japan (2008–present)
• Ed Siskel (J.D. 1997) - White House Counsel (2023-2034)
• Thomas Sowell (Ph.D. 1968) – winner of the National Humanities Medal (2003); economist and senior fellow at Hoover Institution, Stanford University
• John Paul Stevens (A.B. 1941) – United States Supreme Court Justice (1975–2010)
• Jim Talent (J.D. 1981) – United States Senator (R-Mo) (2002–2007)
• Jennifer Stewart – Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
• John Thomas (J.D. 1970) – Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
• Joe Walsh – conservative talk radio host; former Republican Representative from Illinois's 8th congressional district (M.P.P. 1991){{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000266240/|title=Joe Walsh|website=www.nndb.com}}
• Paul Wolfowitz (Ph.D. 1972) – president of the World Bank (2005–2007); United States Deputy Secretary of Defense (2001–2005)
• Todd Young (M.B.A. 2000) – U.S. senator from Indiana (2017–present)
• Kateryna Yushchenko (M.B.A. 1986) – First Lady of Ukraine (2005–2010)

• Ed Asner (X. 1948) – Emmy Award-winning actor, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Lou Grant, Up, Elf
• David Auburn (A.B. 1991) – playwright; winner of the Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award for Proof
• Lester Beall (A.B. 1926) – modernist graphic designer
• Elvin Bishop (X, 1972) – rock musician; blues icon
• JoAnne Carson – painter and sculptor, Guggenheim Fellow (2016)
• Anna Chlumsky (A.B. 2002) – actress; film My Girl and TV series Veep
• Misha Collins (A.B. 1997) – actor; star of TV series Supernatural
• Kahane Cooperman (A.B. 1980) – documentary filmmaker and television producer{{Cite web|last=Seevers |first=Katie |author-link= |title=Kahane Cooperman ('80) moves from school publication to 'The Daily Show' |publisher=The Black and White|date=March 24, 2011 |url=https://theblackandwhite.net/12295/feature/kahane-cooperman-80-moves-from-school-publication-to-the-daily-show/ |access-date=}}
• Jan Crull Jr. (A.M. 1984) – documentary filmmaker
• Roger De Koven (1930) – Actor on stage, radio, film and TV; star of Peabody Award-winning radio drama Against the StormWillis, John (1988). [https://archive.org/details/theatreworld43will/page/200/mode/2up?q=%22DeKoven%2C+Roger%22 Theatre World]. New York: Crown Publishers. p. 200. {{ISBN|0517568284}}.New York Times News Service (January 30, 1988). [https://www.newspapers.com/image/388919660/?clipping_id=149141857 "Stage Actor Once Placed on Blacklist"]. Chicago Tribune. Sec. 1, p. 6. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
• Katherine Dunham (Ph.B. 1936) – dancer and choreographer, National Medal of Arts winner
• Roger Ebert (X. 1970) – film critic and Pulitzer Prize winner
• Kurt Elling (X. 1992) – jazz singer and nine-time Grammy Award nominee
• Jonathan Elliott (Ph.D. 1988) – classical composer
• George R. Ellis (A.B. 1959, M.F.A. 1962) – author, art historian and director of the Honolulu Museum of Art
• David B. Eskind (X. 1934) – radio scriptwriter, producer
• Irwin Leroy Fischer (A.B. 1924){{cite web|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09722|title=Oxford Index|date=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09722 |last1=Borroff |first1=Edith |publisher=Oxford University Press }} – classical composer, former dean of faculty American Conservatory of Music and former principal organist Chicago Symphony Orchestra
• Alyce Frank (1950) – artist
• Melvin Frank (A.B. 1935) – Academy Award-nominated filmmaker and screenwriter, A Touch of Class
• Philip Glass (A.B. 1956) – Academy Award-nominated composer and musician
• Leon Golub (A.B. 1942) – artist
• John Grierson (A.M. 1927) – coined the word "documentary"; founder of the British documentary film movement; founded and headed Canada's National Film Board during World War II; director of mass communications for UNESCO, 1948–50
• Sessue Hayakawa (A.B. 1913) – Academy Award-nominated film actor; starred in Cecil B. DeMille's The Cheat and Bridge on the River Kwai
• Marilu Henner (X. 1974) – actress; starred in TV series Taxi
• Daryl Hine (Ph.D. 1967) – Canadian poet and translator
• Mark Hollmann (A.B. 1985) – Tony Award-winning composer{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Blue |title=Urinetown: The Musical about the Privileges of Peeing: A conversation with composer Mark Hollmann |date=July 24, 2002 |access-date=11 December 2008 |url=http://www.usoperaweb.com/2003/spring/urinetown.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006152020/http://usoperaweb.com/2003/spring/urinetown.htm |archivedate=October 6, 2008 }}
• Celeste Holm (X. 1934) – Academy Award-winning actress, Gentleman's Agreement, All About Eve, High Society
• Irene Whitfield Holmes (Ph.D. 1924) – Ethnomusicologist and collector of French language American folk songs
• Rebecca Jarvis (A.B. 2003) – runner-up on the fourth season of The Apprentice
• Tyehimba Jess (A.B. 1991) – Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
• Wolf Kahn (A.B. 1950) – artist
• Philip Kaufman (A.B. 1958) – film director, The Right Stuff, The Unbearable Lightness of Being
• Rose Kaufman (X. 1959) – screenwriter, The Wanderers and Henry & June
• Greg Kotis (A.B. 1988) – Tony Award-winning playwright
• Leopold and Loeb (attended) – murderers
• Brian Liesegang (A.B. 1992) – guitarist, former member of Nine Inch Nails and Filter{{cite news |title=At home with musician Brian Liesegang: Rocker creates welcoming "locker" |url=https://www.jaehakim.com/1997/09/at-home-with-musician-brian-liesegang-rocker-creates-welcoming-locker/ |work=Chicago Sun-Times |date=September 26, 1997}}
• Aaron Lipstadt (A.B. 1974) – director
• Joshua Marston (A.M. 1994) – film director, Maria Full of Grace
• Peter Marzio – former director of Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
• Tucker Max (A.B. 1998) – Internet celebrity and New York Times bestselling author
• Elaine May (audited) – screenwriter, actress, and director, comedian with Nichols and May, Oscar-nominated writer of Heaven Can Wait and Primary Colors, director of A New Leaf and The Heartbreak Kid
• Amy Meyers (A.B. 1977) – art historian and museum director
• Harry Morgan (X. 1937) – actor
• Mike Nichols (X. 1953) – film and stage director; winner of a Tony Award and an Academy Award; directed The Graduate, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Catch-22, Silkwood; co-founder of The Second City comedy troupe
• Sheldon Patinkin (A.B. 1953) – theater director
• Kimberly Peirce (A.B. 1990) – film director, Boys Don't Cry (Academy Award for Best Actress, Hilary Swank) and Stop-Loss
• Dan Peterman – artist
• Gordon Quinn (A.B. 1965) – filmmaker, founder of Kartemquin Films
• Bernard Sahlins (A.B. 1943) – co-founder of The Second City comedy troupe
• Hayden Schlossberg (A.B. 2000) – writer, Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle
• Eddie Shin (A.B. 1998) – actor
• Paul Sills (A.B. 1951) – co-founder of The Second City comedy troupe
• Arieh Smith (A.B. 2012) – polyglot and creator of Youtube Channel Xiaomanyc
• David Steinberg – comedian, actor, writer, director, and author
• Michael Stevens – creator of educational YouTube channel Vsauce
• Fritz Weaver (A.B. 1951) – actor, Holocaust, Fail-Safe, Black Sunday
• Gavin Williamson – harpsichordist
• Arthur Zegart – documentary film producer{{cite news |title=Arthur Zegart Is Dead; Writer of Film Was 72 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/07/obituaries/arthur-zegart-is-dead-writer-of-film-was-72.html |access-date=November 25, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=February 7, 1989}}
• David Medina – political advisor{{Cite web |date=2010-02-16 |title=Alumnus David Medina describes a career in public service that emerged at UChicago {{!}} University of Chicago News |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/alumnus-david-medina-describes-career-public-service-emerged-uchicago |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=news.uchicago.edu |language=en}}

• Jay Berwanger (A.B. 1936) – first Heisman Trophy winner
• Gene Clapp (M.B.A. 1974) – Olympic silver medalist, men's eight rowing
• Willie D. Davis (M.B.A. 1968) – professional football player and former university trustee
• Kim Ng (A.B. 1990) – General Manager of Miami Marlins, former senior vice president of operations with Major League Baseball, former assistant general manager of Los Angeles Dodgers
• Craig Robinson (M.B.A. 1992) – former men's basketball head coach at Oregon State University; older brother of Michelle Obama
• Milton "Mitt" Romney – football player for Chicago Bears; college basketball coach; cousin of former Michigan governor George W. Romney
• Adam Silver (J.D. 1988) – Commissioner of the National Basketball Association
• John Jayne (A.B. 2019), Olympic judoka, Paris 2024

• Pericles Abbasi
• Andrew Alper (A.B. 1980, M.B.A., 1981) – president of the New York City Economic Development Corporation, youngest Goldman Sachs partner in company history, university trustee
• Roger Altman (M.B.A. 1969) – founder and senior chairman of Evercore, United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
• Victor J. Andrew (M.S. 1928, Ph.D. 1932) Founder of Andrew Corporation.
• José Antonio Alvarez (M.B.A. 1996) – vice chairman and CEO of Santander Group, the largest Eurozone banking group by market value
• Cliff Asness (M.B.A, Ph.D.) – billionaire founder of AQR Capital
• Edward M. Baker (A.B. 1898) – investment broker
• Robert Barnett (J.D. 1971) – partner at the law firm Williams & Connolly LLP
• Bart Becht (M.B.A. 1982) – CEO of Reckitt Benckiser
• Paul G. Blazer (A.A. 1915) – founder of Ashland Oil & Refining Company (Ashland, Inc.)
• David G. Booth (M.B.A. 1971) – billionaire philanthropist, co-CEO and co-founder of Dimensional Fund Advisors
• Bill Browder (A.B. 1985) – CEO of Hermitage Capital Management and human rights activist
• Patrick O. Brown (AB 1976, PhD 1980, MD 1982) – CEO and founder of Impossible Foods
• Debra Cafaro (JD 1982) – chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Ventas, minority owner of the Pittsburgh Penguins
• Agustín Carstens (Ph.D. 1985) – Head of the Bank for International Settlements known as "The Bank for Central Banks"; former governor of Bank of Mexico; current member of Group of Thirty (G-30)
• Tae-won Chey (Ph.D. 1989) – billionaire chairman of the SK Group, son-in-law of Korean president Roh Tae-woo{{Cite web|title=Authors|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/chey-tae-won-ded7df80-53ab-4c03-8b2f-aa84d20b131d/|access-date=2020-06-18|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}
• Norton Clapp (Ph.B. 1928, J.D. 1929) – an original owner of Space Needle; university trustee
• William E. Conway Jr. (MBA) – billionaire co-founder of The Carlyle Group
• L. Gordon Crovitz (A.B. 1980) – publisher of The Wall Street Journal
• Daniel Doctoroff (J.D. 1984) – president of Bloomberg L.P.; former deputy mayor of New York City under Mayor Michael Bloomberg
• Arnold W. Donald (M.B.A. 1980) – CEO of Carnival Corporation & plc
• Brady Dougan (A.B. 1981, M.B.A., 1982) – CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston; CEO-elect of Credit Suisse Group in Zurich (beginning May 2007); youngest CEO on Wall Street (2004)
• J. Patrick Doyle (M.B.A. 1988) – president and CEO of Domino's Pizza
• Larry Ellison (did not graduate) – billionaire founder of Oracle; reportedly wealthiest person in California, third-richest in United States
• Marcel Erni (M.B.A. 1991) – billionaire co-founder of Partners Group
• Eugene Fama (Ph.D. 1964) – "father of modern finance"; 2013 Nobel Laureate in Economics
• Jacob A. Frenkel (M.A., Ph.D.) – chairman of JPMorgan Chase International; chairman of the board of trustees of the Group of Thirty (G-30); former David Rockefeller Professor of International Economics at the University of Chicago; former governor of the Bank of Israel
• Diane Garnick (M.B.A. 2012) – Chief Income Strategist of TIAA (2016–present)
• Gerald Gidwitz (Ph.B. 1927) – co-founder of Helene Curtis Industries, Inc.
• Scott Griffith (M.B.A. 1990) – CEO of Zipcar (2003–present)
• Timothy E. Hoeksema (M.B.A. 1977) – founder of Midwest Airlines
• Gary Hoover – founder of Bookstop and Hoover'sSolomon, Steve. "[http://www.inc.com/magazine/19971015/1468.html The Dynamic Duo]." Inc.. October 15, 1997. Retrieved on April 7, 2014.
• Mark Hoplamazian (M.B.A. 1989) – CEO, Global Hyatt Corporation (2006–present)
• Daniel Ivascyn (M.B.A. 1998) – CIO of PIMCO
• Kenneth M. Jacobs (B.A. 1980) – chairman and CEO of Lazard; university trustee
• Stephen A. Jarislowsky (M.A. 1946) – billionaire founder of Jarislowsky Fraser Limited, one of Canada's largest investment management firms
• Porter Jarvis (M.B.A. 1932) – president, then chairman of Swift & Co., 1955–1967
• John H. Johnson (X. 1942) – founder of Johnson Publishing Company, publisher of Ebony and Jet magazines
• Karen Katen (B.A. Political science, M.B.A.) – pharmaceutical executive
• James M. Kilts (M.B.A. 1974) – chairman, president, and CEO of Gillette Company; founding partner of Centerview Partners
• Bon-Joon Koo (M.B.A.) – billionaire vice chairman of LG Electronics Corporation
• Carlos Langoni (PhD) – former president of the Central Bank of Brazil
• Sherry Lansing (Lab 1962) – chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures
• Michael Larson (M.B.A. 1981) – chief investment officer of Cascade Investment, the investment vehicle for Bill Gates and his foundation
• John Liew (BA 1989, MBA 1994, PhD 1995) – billionaire co-founder of AQR Capital
• Dave MacLennan (M.B.A.) – CEO of Cargill, the largest privately held corporation in the US
• Dennis Malamatinas (M.B.A. 1979) – former CEO of Burger King, Priceline Europe and Smirnoff{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/nov/12/business.theobserve|title=Dotcom price was right for Burger King|work=The Guardian|author=Jamie Doward|date=12 November 2000|accessdate=7 October 2021}}{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/events/showevent?eventId=22924|title=An Evening With Dennis Malmatinas Former CEO of Burger King|date=3 December 2019}}
• Matt Maloney (M.B.A. 2010) – co-founder and former CEO of Grubhub
• Joe Mansueto (A.B. 1978, M.B.A. 1980) – billionaire chairman and CEO of Morningstar, Inc.
• Harry Markowitz (A.B. 1947, A.M. 1950, Ph.D. 1955) – "father of modern portfolio theory"; 1990 Nobel Laureate in Economics
• Howard Marks (M.B.A. 1969) – billionaire founder of Oaktree Capital Management
• James O. McKinsey (B.Phil 1917, M.A. in Commerce 1919) – founder of McKinsey & Company; also served on the faculty of University of Chicago
• Peter Mensch (X, 1975, Masters in Marketing) – rock impresario
• John Meriwether (M.B.A. 1973) – CEO and Principal of JWM Partners; former CEO of Long Term Capital Management
• Satya Nadella (M.B.A. 1997) – CEO of Microsoft
• Martin Nesbitt (M.B.A. 1991) – CEO of The Parking Spot, Treasurer of Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign
• Joseph Neubauer (M.B.A. 1965) – chairman and CEO of Aramark
• Brian Niccol (M.B.A. 2003) – CEO of Starbucks
• Victor Niederhoffer (Ph.D. 1969) – hedge fund manager
• Merle Norman – founder of Merle Norman Cosmetics{{Cite web |date=2018-11-07 |title=HISTORY'S MYSTERIES: Who was Merle Nethercutt and what happened to her? |url=https://www.newsbug.info/monticello_herald_journal/historys-mysteries-who-was-merle-nethercutt-and-what-happened-to-her/article_f0e4d2a1-de9c-521e-9dfd-1965eb70b90c.html |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Newsbug.info |language=en}}
• John Opel (M.B.A. 1949) – president of IBM (1974–1983); CEO of IBM (1981–1985); chairman of IBM (1983–1986)
• Ferdinand Peck – businessman and philanthropist, best known for financing Chicago's Auditorium Building
• Peter Peterson (M.B.A. 1951) – billionaire co-founder and former chairman of Blackstone Group; 20th United States Secretary of Commerce
• Renaud de Planta (M.B.A. 1987) – the sole senior partner of the Pictet Group, a 215-year-old Swiss bank catering to the world's wealthiest individuals
• Michael Polsky (M.B.A. 1987) – billionaire founder of Invenergy, a multinational power generation development firm
• Matthew Prince (J.D. 2000) — billionaire co-founder and CEO of Cloudflare
• Anthony Pritzker (M.B.A. 1987) – billionaire member of the Pritzker family; founder and managing partner of the Pritzker Group
• Donald Pritzker (J.D. 1959) – member of the Pritzker family; former president of Hyatt Corporation
• Nicholas Pritzker (J.D. 1975) – billionaire member of the Pritzker family; former president of Hyatt Corporation and co-founder of Tao Capital
• Thomas Pritzker (J.D./M.B.A. 1976) – billionaire member of the Pritzker family; chairman and CEO of The Pritzker Organization and Executive Chairman of Hyatt Corporation
• Philip J. Purcell (M.B.A. 1967) – former chairman and CEO of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
• Roberta Cooper Ramo (J.D.) – private practice lawyer, president of the American Law Institute
• Jay Rasulo (M.B.A. 1984) (AM 1982) – senior executive vice president and CFO of The Walt Disney Company
• Samuel Reshevsky (A.B. 1934) – accountant and chess grandmaster
• Laura Ricketts (A.B. 1994) – co-owner of Chicago Cubs, board member of Lambda Legal, gay rights activist
• Pete Ricketts (M.B.A. 1991) – 40th governor of Nebraska, former COO of TD Ameritrade
• Thomas S. Ricketts (A.B. 1988, M.B.A. 1993) – CEO of Incapital LLC; Director of TD Ameritrade; chairman of the Chicago Cubs
• David Rockefeller (Ph.D. 1940) – billionaire chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank (1969–81); former trustee of the University of Chicago
• Emmanuel Roman (M.B.A. 1987) – CEO of PIMCO
• David Rubenstein (J.D. 1973) – billionaire co-founder of The Carlyle Group
• David O. Sacks (J.D. 1998) – entrepreneur and venture capitalist; former COO of PayPal; former CEO of Zenefits and Yammer; co-founder and CEO of Craft Ventures
• Álvaro Saieh (AM’76, PhD’80) – billionaire chairman of the CorpGroup; seventh richest man in Chile
• Nassef Sawiris (A.B. 1982) – billionaire member of the Sawiris family; CEO of Orascom Construction; sixth richest man in Africa
• Evan Sharp (A.B. 2005) – billionaire co-founder and Chief Creative Officer of Pinterest
• Masaaki Shirakawa (M.A. 1977) – former governor of the Bank of Japan; current member of the Group of Thirty (G-30)
• Rex Sinquefield (MBA) – billionaire co-founder of Dimensional Fund Advisors
• Patrick Spain (A.B. 1974) – founder of Hoover's and HighBeam Research
• Robert Steel (M.B.A. 1984) – CEO of Wachovia Bank (2008–present); former vice-chairman of Goldman Sachs; former Under Secretary for Domestic Finance within the United States Department of the Treasury
• Dick Stoken (M.B.A., 1958) – founding partner in Lind-Waldock, head of Strategic Capital Management
• John Studzinski (M.B.A., 1980) – vice chairman of PIMCO, former vice chairman of The Blackstone Group, former head of the European investment banking division and Deputy Chairman of Morgan Stanley
• Anthony Tan (B.A. 2004) – co-founder and chief executive officer of Grab, a Nasdaq-listed e-hailing turned superapp technology company and first unicorn in Southeast Asia
• Marion A. Trozzolo (PhB 1947, M.B.A. 1950) – first United States manufacturer to apply teflon to cookware
• Vivian Tu (B.A. 2016) – founder and CEO of Your Rich BFF, a multi-media company that provides financial education
• Susan Wagner (M.B.A. 1984) – co-founder, former vice-chairman, and COO of BlackRock
• John S. Watson (M.B.A. 1980) – chairman and CEO of Chevron Corporation
• Jon Winkelried (A.B. & M.B.A. 1982) – CEO of TPG Capital and former COO of Goldman Sachs
• Changhong Zhu (Ph.D. 1998) – CIO of State Administration of Foreign Exchange manages China's $3.8 trillion reserves{{cite web |last=Rabinovitch |first=Simon |date=2014-01-28 |title=China's 'invisible man' quits forex role |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c4320802-880a-11e3-a926-00144feab7de |website=Financial Times}}

• John Alroy (Ph.D. 1994) – paleobiologist and researcher at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, UCSB, 2007 Charles Schuchert Award from the Paleontological Society
• Eric Ashby, Baron Ashby – former Master of Clare College, Cambridge and Vice-Chancellor of University of Cambridge
• Richard C. Atkinson (Ph.B. 1948) – president of the University of California (1995–2003)
• Marguerite Ross Barnett (A.M. 1966, Ph.D. 1972) – first African-American and female president of the University of Houston (1990–92); first African-American chancellor of the University of Missouri (1986–90)
• Werner A. Baum (Ph.D.) – second chancellor of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1973–1979) and the 7th president of University of Rhode Island (1968–1973)
• Laird Bell (J.D.) – lawyer, chairman of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, chairman of the University of Chicago Board of Trustees, and of Carleton College
• Pabitra Sarkar (A.M., Ph.D) – Indian Bengali Linguist, writer and Academician and the Vice Chancellor of Rabindra Bharati University
• Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949) – Israeli philosopher and president of the University of Haifa
• Richard J. Bernstein (A.B.) – philosopher, professor of philosophy at the New School for Social Research, former president of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association
• Henry Bienen (A.M. 1962, Ph.D. 1966) – president of Northwestern University (1995–2009)
• George W. Bond (M.A. 1923) – president of Louisiana Tech University, 1928–1936
• Leon Botstein (A.B. 1967) – president of Bard College (1975–present); principal conductor of American Symphony Orchestra
• John W. Boyer (A.M. 1969, Ph.D. 1975) – dean of the college at the University of Chicago
• Frances R. Brown (M.A. English) – president of Chevy Chase Junior College and dean of Radcliffe College
• Tom Campbell (A.B. 1973, A.M. 1973, Ph.D. 1980) – dean of Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley (2002–2008)
• King Virgil Cheek (J.D. 1969) – president of Shaw University (1969–1971); president of Morgan State University (1971–1974)
• Rebecca S. Chopp (Ph.D. 1983) – former chancellor, University of Denver; former president of Swarthmore College; president of Colgate University (2002–2009); former dean of Yale Divinity School; former provost of Emory University; feminist theologian
• John Royston Coleman (Ph.D. 1950) – labor economist; president of Haverford College; former dean of Carnegie-Mellon University; author of Blue-Collar Journal; host of CBS program Money Talks
• May Louise Cowles – economist; researcher, and nationwide advocate of home economics study
• Peter Dorman (Ph.D. 1985) – president, American University of Beirut (2008–present)
• Mary Elizabeth Downey – director of the Chautauqua School for Librarians who established and promoted library science education courses across the Western and Midwestern United States
• Herman Dreer (Ph.D. 1955) academic administrator, educator, educational reformer and activist, author, editor, minister, and civil rights leader{{Cite web |title=Herman Dreer (1889–1981) |url=https://missouriencyclopedia.org/people/dreer-herman |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Missouri Encyclopedia}}
• Christopher L. Eisgruber (J.D. 1988) – 20th president of Princeton University
• Norman Ericson (Ph.D.) – Bible scholar, faculty at Trinity International University
• Eve Ewing (BA) – sociologist, author, poet, and visual artist; associate professor at the University of Chicago{{Cite web |title=Eve L. Ewing {{!}} The University of Chicago Division of the Social Sciences |url=https://socialsciences.uchicago.edu/directory/eve-l-ewing |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=socialsciences.uchicago.edu}}
• Ward Farnsworth (J.D. 1994) – dean of University of Texas School of Law
• Paul Finkelman (Ph.D. 1976) – president of Gratz College (2017–present)
• Michael Gerhardt (J.D. 1982) – Constitutional Law Professor at UNC School of Law; Special Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee for the nominations of Sonia Sotomayor (2009), Elena Kagan (2010), and Neil Gorsuch (2017) to the U.S. Supreme Court
• Eleanor Churchill Gibbs – educator, writer
• Benjamin Ginsberg (B.A. 1968, A.M. 1970, Ph.D. 1973) – professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University
• Edgar Godbold (Ph.D. 1907) – president of Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas (1923–1929), and Louisiana College in Pineville, Louisiana (1942–1951){{cite web|url=http://www.lahistory.org/site24.php|title=Edgar Godbold|publisher=lahistory.org|access-date=August 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123000721/http://www.lahistory.org/site24.php|archive-date=November 23, 2009|url-status=dead}}
• Marvin L. Goldberger (Ph.D. 1948) – president of California Institute of Technology (1978–1987)
• Clifton Daggett Gray (Ph.D.) – president of Bates College (1920–1944)
• W. G. Hardy (Ph.D. 1922) Professor of Classics of University of Alberta, writer, ice hockey administrator, Member of the Order of Canada{{cite news|title=Writing Is His Hobby|last=Peacock|first=Jim |date=May 3, 1958|newspaper=Lethbridge Herald|location=Lethbridge, Alberta|page=4|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-may-03-1958-1458929/}}{{free access}}{{cite news|title=Prof. George Hardy: Author-Educationist |last=Trimmer|first=Bob|date=September 21, 1963|newspaper=Lethbridge Herald|location=Lethbridge, Alberta|page=5 |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-sep-21-1963-1461284/}}{{free access}}
• Carla Hayden (Ph.D. 1977) – 14th Librarian of Congress
• Susan Henking (Ph.D. 1988) – president of Shimer College (2012–present)
• Laurin L. Henry – academic and educator{{cite web |title=HENRY, LAURIN L.: Papers re Presidential Transitions, 1952-1961 |url=https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/finding-aids/pdf/henry-laurin-papers.pdf |website=www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov |publisher=Dwight D. Eisenhower Library |access-date=8 June 2021 |date=November 2002}}
• Leo I. Higdon Jr. (M.B.A. 1972) – president of Connecticut College (2006–present); president of the College of Charleston (2001–2006); president of Babson College (1997–2001); dean of Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia
• Mari Ruef Hofer - pioneer in the kindergarten movement
• William E. Holmes – former president of Central City College; faculty of the Atlanta Baptist Institute, now called Morehouse College, for 25 years
• Sheila Miyoshi Jager 1994 (PhD): professor of East Asian Studies at Oberlin College{{cite web|title=Sheila Miyoshi Jager|url=https://new.oberlin.edu/arts-and-sciences/departments/east_asian/faculty_detail.dot?id=20867|website=Oberlin College| date=24 October 2016 |access-date=11 May 2017}}
• Howard Wesley Johnson (A.M. 1947) – president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1966–1971)
• Annie Kennedy – first member of the faculty elected at the Alabama Girls' Industrial School (now, University of Montevallo)
• David Aaron Kessler (J.D. 1978) – dean of the University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine; former dean of Yale School of Medicine; former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner
• Robert Kibbee (masters 1947, doctorate 1957) – chancellor of the City University of New York
• Thomas W. Krise (Ph.D. 1995) – 13th president of Pacific Lutheran University (2012–2017)
• H. Gregg Lewis (A.B. 1936, Ph.D. 1947) – professor and labor economist
• Guy A. Marco (M.A. 1952, Ph.D. 1956) – musicologist, professor, and librarian{{Cite encyclopedia |author=Siegmund Levarie|date=2001|entry=Marco, Guy A(nthony) |encyclopedia=Grove Music Online|publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47661}}
• Benjamin E. Mays (A.M. 1925, Ph.D. 1935) – president of Morehouse College (1940–1967); recipient of American Educator Award (1980); civil rights activist
• Alice Rebecca Brooks McGuire (Ph.D. 1958) – professor of library science, president of the American Association of School Librarians (1953–1954)
• William Parker McKee (B.Div., 1887) – second president of Shimer College
• Deborah Meier (A.M. 1955) – founder of small schools in New York and Boston; recipient of MacArthur Fellowship
• Jacob (Kobi) Metzer – economic historian, professor, eighth president of the Open University of Israel
• Clara Worst Miller (1876–1970) (M.A.) – Ashland College professor of Latin and writer
• Eric Muenter (A.B. 1899) - German-American political terrorist, activist, spy, Cornell University professor and would-be assassin.
• Herman Clarence Nixon – professor, member of the Southern Agrarians
• Daniel Nugent (Ph.D. 1988) – Professor of Anthropology, University of Arizona
• Dallin H. Oaks (J.D. 1957) – former president of Brigham Young University
• Edison E. Oberholtzer (A.M. 1915) – founder and first president of the University of Houston
• G. Dennis O'Brien (Ph.D., 1961) – former president of Bucknell University and the University of Rochester
• Leo J. O'Donovan (postdoctoral fellow at University of Chicago) – 47th president of Georgetown University
• Santa J. Ono (A.B. 1984) – 15th president University of Michigan; 15th president and Vice-Chancellor University of British Columbia; 28th president University of Cincinnati
• Passie Fenton Ottley (Honorary D. Litt. 1926) Chair of the Georgia State Library Commission
• Vivian Paley (Ph.B. 1947) – teacher and early childhood education researcher
• Don Patinkin (1922–1995)) – Israeli-American economist, and president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• William L. Pollard (Ph.D. 1976) – president of Medgar Evers College (2009–present)
• Clayton Rose (B.A. 1980, M.B.A. 1981) – president of Bowdoin College (2015–present)
• Thomas Sakmar (A.B. Chemistry 1978, M.D. Medicine 1982) – Senior Physician, professor and former acting president of The Rockefeller University
• Vivian Blanche Small (M.A. 1905) - president, Lake Erie College
• Barbara Snyder (J.D.) – president of Case Western Reserve University
• Gerhard Spiegler – former president of Elizabethtown College
• Samuel L. Stanley (A.B. 1976) – president of Stony Brook University (2009–2019) and Michigan State University (2019–)
• Teresa A. Sullivan (Ph.D.) – sociologist and university administrator, 8th president of the University of Virginia
• Vince Tinto – theorist in field of higher education, particularly concerning university student retention
• David Truman (A.M. 1936, Ph.D. 1939) – president of Mount Holyoke College (1969–1978); president of Russell Sage Foundation (1978–1979)
• Richard R. Wright Jr. – sociologist; president of Wilberforce University

• Solange Ashby (PhD 2016) – egyptologist and nubiologist
• Allan Berube (X. 1968) – founder of the San Francisco Gay and Lesbian History Project, now the Gay and Lesbian Historical Society; author of Coming Out Under Fire (1990) [Lambda Literary Award]; MacArthur Fellow (1996)
• Antoinette Burton (A.M. 1984, Ph.D. 1990) – Catherine A. and Bruce C. Bastian Professor of Global and Transnational Studies and Professor of History at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Chen Hengzhe (M.A) – writer of modern vernacular Chinese literature
• Henry Steele Commager (Ph.B. 1923, A.M. 1924, Ph.D. 1928) – American historian
• Avery Craven (Ph.D. 1923) – Professor of History; Civil War expert
• Herrlee G. Creel (Ph.B. 1926, A.M. 1927, Ph.D. 1929) – sinologist
• Frances Gardiner Davenport (Ph.D. 1904) – editor of the series European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and its DependenciesIntroduction to European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and its Dependencies, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2010 edition), p. ii
• Angie Debo (A.M. 1924, international relations) – Oklahoma and Native American history, author of And the Waters Still Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes (1940)
• Nicholas Dirks (A.M. 1974, Ph.D. 1981) – Franz Boas Professor of History and Anthropology; vice-president for Arts and Sciences at Columbia University
• Paul Finkelman (M.A. 1972, Ph.D. 1976) – President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus, Albany Law School and president of Gratz College; legal historian and author of Supreme Injustice: Slavery in the Nation's Highest Court (2018)
• James L. Fitzgerald (B.A. 1971, M.A. 1974, Ph.D. 1980) – Purandara Das Distinguished Professor of Sanskrit in the Department of Classics, Brown University
• Lawrence M. Friedman (A.B. 1948, J.D. 1951, LL.M. 1953) – Marion Rice Kirkwood Professor of Law at Stanford Law School; legal historian and author of Crime and Punishment in American History
• David Fromkin (A.B. 1950, J.D. 1953) – University Professor of International Relations, History, and Law at Boston University
• Anthony Grafton (A.B. 1971, A.M. 1972, Ph.D. 1975) – prominent Renaissance historian and Henry Putnam University Professor at Princeton University
• Vincent Harding (A.M. 1956, Ph.D. 1965) – scholar of American religion and society
• Gertrude Himmelfarb (Ph.D. 1950) – National Humanities Medal (2004); Professor Emeritus of History at the City University of New York
• Kenneth T. Jackson (A.M. 1963, Ph.D. 1966) – Jacques Barzun Professor of History and the Social Sciences at Columbia University
• Russell Jacoby (S.M. 1978) – Professor in Residence at Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles; author of The Last Intellectuals (1987 [2000])
• KC Johnson (M.A. 1989) – Professor of History at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York, known for his work exposing the facts about the Duke lacrosse case{{cite web|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20070415/NEWS/704150473/1116|title=Duke players say thanks|first=Paul Jarvey TELEGRAM & GAZETTE|last=STAFF|publisher=|access-date=2018-09-24|archive-date=2018-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924072326/http://www.telegram.com/article/20070415/NEWS/704150473/1116|url-status=dead}}
• Raymond A. Joseph (M.A. 1963) — led a psychological campaign against the Duvalier dictatorship in Haiti via Radio Vonvon (1965–69); author of For Whom the Dogs Spy: Haiti, From the Duvalier Dictatorships to the Earthquake, Four Presidents, and Beyond (2014)
• John Komlos (Ph.D. 1978) – professor emeritus, University of Munich economic historian and founder of the journal Economics and Human Biology
• Judith Walzer Leavitt (Ph.D. 1966) – Professor Emerita, History of Medicine Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, author of Typhoid Mary
• Mark Edward Lewis (A.B. 1977, A.M. 1979, Ph.D. 1985) – Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in Chinese Culture, Department of History, Stanford University
• Muhsin Mahdi (A.M., Ph.D.) – Iraqi-American islamologist and Arabist, James Richard Jewett Professor of Arabic at Harvard University
• Walter A. McDougall (A.M. 1971, Ph.D. 1974) – Professor of History and Alloy-Ansin Professor of International Relations, University of Pennsylvania; Pulitzer Prize Winner (1986)
• William Hardy McNeill (A.B. 1938, A.M. 1939) – Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Chicago; author of The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community (1963)
• John Victor Murra (A.M. 1942, Ph.D. 1956) – prominent anthropologist and researcher of the Incan Empire
• Saul K. Padover (Ph.D. 1932) – historian and political scientist at the New School for Social Research in New York City
• Richard Anthony Parker (Ph.D. 1938) – Charles Edwin Wilbour Professor of Egyptology at Brown University; director of the University of Chicago's epigraphic survey studying the mortuary temple of Ramses III
• Rick Perlstein (B.A. 1992) – author of Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America and Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus
• Tom Philpott (Ph.D.) – professor of history at the University of Texas, researcher into child prostitution
• Vijay Prashad (A.M. 1990, Ph.D. 1994) – George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History and Professor of International Studies, Trinity College; author of The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World (2007)
• Nicolas Rasmussen (A.M. 1986) – Professor of History at the University of New South Wales
• Francesca Rochberg (Ph.D. 1980) – Catherine and William L. Magistretti Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley; MacArthur Fellow (1982)
• Joel T. Rosenthal (PhD 1963) – Distinguished Professor and Emeritus at SUNY
• Ovid R. Sellers (A.B. 1904) – Old Testament scholar and archaeologist who played a role in the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
• Gertrude Smith (BA 1916, MA 1917, PhD 1921) – Edwin Olson Professor of Greek (1933–1961) and chair of the Department of Classics (1934–1961)
• Eileen Southern (A.B. 1940, A.M. 1941) – National Humanities Medal (2001); first African-American female professor at Harvard University
• Studs Terkel (Ph.B. 1932, J.D. 1934) – oral historian and radio host; Pulitzer Prize winner for the Good War: An Oral History of World War II (1985); National Humanities Medal (1997)
• Richard H. Timberlake (Ph.D. 1957) – economist, author, and economic historian
• Gerhard Weinberg (A.M. 1949, Ph.D. 1951) – historian, World War II expert; William R. Kenan Jr. Professor Emeritus of History, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Irene J. Winter (M.A. 1967) – Ancient Near East Art historian, professor at Harvard and chair of the department of Fine Arts from 1993 to 1996; MacArthur Fellow (1983), Radcliffe Fellow (2003–04), Mellon Lecturer (2005)
• Carter G. Woodson (A.B. 1908, A.M. 1908) – historian and founder of Negro History Week (1926), which evolved into Black History Month; civil rights activist

• Rick Atkinson (A.M. 1976) – reporter and author, four-time Pulitzer Prize winner
• David Blum (A.B. 1977) – editor-in-chief of the Village Voice (2006–present)
• David Broder (A.B. 1947, A.M. 1951) – Pulitzer Prize winner for commentary (1973); political correspondent and columnist for The Washington Post
• David Brooks (A.B. 1983) – political commentator; columnist for The New York Times; senior editor of The Weekly Standard; regular commentator on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
• Ana Marie Cox (A.B. 1994) – liberal columnist, founding editor of the Wonkette blog, correspondent for Air America Media
• Roger Ebert (X. 1970) – Pulitzer Prize winner for film criticism (1975); columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times
• Zilfa Estcourt (A.M. 1905) – newspaper columnist and editor at the Tacoma Tribune and San Francisco Chronicle[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=89913623 "Whitworth Is Again Honored"]. The Tacoma Ledger. June 11, 1905. p. 4 . Retrieved December 2, 2021.[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=89253246 "Obituaries: Zilfa Estcourt"]. Oakland Tribune. December 19, 1959. p. 25. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
• Janet Flanner – writer and journalist who served as the Paris correspondent of The New Yorker magazine from 1925 until she retired in 1975
• Thomas Frank (A.M. 1989, Ph.D. 1994) – editor-in-chief of The Baffler; author of The Conquest of Cool (1997) and What's the Matter with Kansas? (2004)
• Jarlath J. Graham (A. B. 1949) –editor of Advertising Age, and executive at Crain Communications{{cite web |title=Deaths |url=https://magazine.uchicago.edu/0498/html/deaths.htm |website=magazine.uchicago.edu (University of Chicago Magazine) |access-date=20 June 2025 |date=1998}}
• Katharine Graham (A.B. 1938) – publisher of The Washington Post for over two decades; Pulitzer Prize winner for her memoir Personal History (1998)
• Virginia Graham (A.S. 1934) – television news correspondent; prosecution witness in the Tate-LaBianca murders trial
• Jan Crawford Greenburg (J.D. 1993) – chief legal correspondent for CBS News
• Nathan Hare (A.M. 1957, Ph.D. 1962) – author, activist, and sociologist; founding publisher of The Black Scholar, later cited as "the most important journal devoted to black issues since the Crisis" by The New York Times
• Seymour Hersh (A.B. 1958) – Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist and author, most famous for exposing the My Lai Massacre, which greatly changed public opinion of the Vietnam War; frequent contributor to The New Yorker
• Daniel Hertzberg (A.B. 1968) – Pulitzer Prize winner 1988; Managing Editor of The Wall Street Journal
• DeWitt John (A.M. 1937) – journalist and editor
• Richard Lloyd Jones (LL.B. 1897, LL.M. 1898) – longtime publisher of the Tulsa Tribune
• Raymond A. Joseph (M.A. 1963, Social Anthropology) The Wall Street Journal (1971–1984), Co-founded in 1971 with his brother Leopold, the Haiti-Observateur, a trilingual weekly (French, Haitian Creole and English), for which he still writes, more than 50 years later.
• Dave Kehr (A.B. 1975) – film critic for The New York Times
• Sarah Koenig (A.B. 1990) – creator of the award-winning Serial podcast
• Tal Kopan (A.B.) – political reporter for CNN
• Sarah Langs (A.B. 2015) – reporter and statistician for MLB.com and ESPN{{cite news |last1=Watkins |first1=Nicole |title="Fearless" in her fight for a career in baseball—and against ALS {{!}} University of Chicago News |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/fearless-her-fight-career-baseball-and-against-als |access-date=28 December 2023 |work=news.uchicago.edu |date=19 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Harvey Levin (J.D. 1975) – Managing Editor of TMZ.com
• Roderick MacLeish (A.B. 1947) – National Public Radio political commentator; journalist and author
• John G. Morris (A.B. 1937) – photo editor for Life, Ladies' Home Journal, The Washington Post, The New York Times, National Geographic
• Greg Palast (A.B. 1974, M.B.A. 1976) – progressive investigative journalist
• John Podhoretz (A.B. 1982) – conservative commentator for the National Review, the New York Post, and The Weekly Standard
• Joshua Cooper Ramo (A.B. 1992) – former foreign editor, Time Magazine; managing director, Kissinger Associates
• David E. Reed (A.B. 1946) – roving editor, Reader's Digest; author, 111 Days in Stanleyville (1965); Up Front in Vietnam (1967); Save the Hostages (1988)
• Emmett Rensin – contributor to the Los Angeles Times{{'}} "Opinion Blog", USA Today, Salon, New Republic, and the Los Angeles Review of Books
• Edward Rothstein (Ph.D. 1994) – cultural critic at The New York Times; former music critic at the New Republic and The New York Times
• Nate Silver (A.B. 2000) – sabermetrician and inventor of PECOTA; writer for Baseball Prospectus; and founder of FiveThirtyEight.com
• Robert B. Silvers (A.B. 1947) – co-founding editor of The New York Review of Books
• Brent Staples (A.M. 1976, Ph.D. 1982) – editorial writer for The New York Times (1990–present); winner of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for his memoir Parallel Time: Growing Up in Black and White (1994)
• Bret Stephens (A.B. 1995) – foreign-affairs columnist and deputy editorial page editor of The Wall Street Journal; winner of the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary
• Ray Suarez (A.M. 1993) – host of Inside Story on Al Jazeera America, former senior correspondent on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
• Ken Taylor (Ph.D. 1984) – co-host of radio program Philosophy Talk; Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University
• Neda Ulaby (A.M. 1996) – National Public Radio reporter
• Mickey Waldman (A.B. 1965) – WBAI radio host and producer

• Jessica Abel (A.B. 1991) – comic book writer and artist
• Saul Bellow (X. 1939) – author, Pulitzer Prize winner and Nobel Prize winner
• Allan Bloom (Ph.B. 1949, A.M. 1953, Ph.D. 1955) – author
• Paul C. Borgman (Ph.D. 1973) – religious author and professor
• Dmitri Borgmann (Ph.B.) – writer
• Alice C. Browning (Ph.B. 1931) — writer, editor of Negro Story (1944–1946)
• Ernest Callenbach (Ph.B. 1949, A.M. 1953) – writer
• Bonnie Jo Campbell (A.B. 1984) – novelist and short story writer
• Paul Carroll (A.M. 1952) – poet
• Hayden Carruth (A.M. 1947) – winner of National Book Award in poetry
• Robert Coover (A.M. 1965) – novelist and short story writer
• Will Cuppy (Ph.B. 1907, A.M. 1914) – humorist
• Mu Dan (A.M. 1951) – Chinese poet and literary translator
• Sebastian de Grazia (A.B. 1944, Ph.D. 1948) – Pulitzer Prize winner
• Caitlin Doughty – mortician, author, and promoter of death acceptance
• Phyllis Eisenstein – author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels
• Joseph Epstein (A.B. 1959) – essayist, literary critic, and short story writer
• James T. Farrell (X. 1929) – novelist, short story writer, journalist, travel writer, poet and literary critic
• Richard Garfinkle (X. 1980) – science fiction and fantasy author, author of Celestial Matters
• Paul Goodman (Ph.D. 1954) – social critic
• Gerald Graff (A.B. 1959) – president-elect of the Modern Language Association (2008)
• Katharine Graham (A.B. 1938) – author, Pulitzer Prize winner
• Sam Greenlee (1954–57) – writer, author of The Spook Who Sat by the Door
• Bette Howland (A.B. 1955) – writer, literary critic, MacArthur FellowMacArthur Fellow List of winners
• Fenton Johnson – poet
• Cyril M. Kornbluth – science fiction author
• Patrick Larkin (A.B. 1982) – author of espionage, military, and historical thrillers
• Stephen Leacock (Ph.D. 1903) – Canadian humourist and professor of economics at McGill University
• Luis Leal (A.B. 1941, Ph.D. 1950) – literary scholar and winner of National Humanities Medal
• Seth Lerer (Ph.D. 1981) – former Stanford professor; dean of arts and humanities at the University of California, San Diego (2009–2014)
• Naomi Lindstrom (A.B. 1971) – Latin American literary critic
• Jackson Mac Low (A.A. 1943) – poet, winner of Wallace Stevens award
• Norman Maclean (Ph.D. 1940) – William Rainey Harper Professor of English at the University of Chicago, author of A River Runs Through It
• Tom Mandel – contemporary poet whose work is often associated with the language poets
• Campbell McGrath (A.B. 1984) – poet, MacArthur Fellow
• Susan Murphy-Milano (B.A. 1981) – non-fiction author and victims' advocate
• Sterling North (A.B. 1929) – children's author
• Norman Panama (A.B. 1936) – screenwriter and film director
• Sara Paretsky (A.M. 1969, M.B.A. 1977, Ph.D. 1977) – crime novelist
• Elizabeth Peters (Ph.B. 1947, A.M. 1950, Ph.D. 1952) – mystery author
• Joseph G. Peterson (A.B. 1988) – author and poet
• Robert Pirsig (attended but did not graduate) – philosopher, author of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and Lila: An Inquiry into Morals
• Edouard Roditi – writer and translator{{cite web | title = Finding Aid for the Edouard Roditi Papers, 1910-1992 | publisher = Online Archive of California / University of California | url = http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/ft5j49n8ft/ | access-date = 18 May 2013}}
• Richard Rorty (A.B. 1949, A.M. 1952) – Professor of Philosophy and Comparative Literature at Stanford University; MacArthur Fellow
• Leo Rosten (Ph.B. 1930, Ph.D. 1937) – humorist
• Philip Roth (A.M. 1955) – author, Pulitzer Prize and National Medal of Arts winner
• Aram Saroyan (X c.1965) – writer, poet, and dramatist, author of famous minimalist poems such as "lighght"
• John Scalzi (B.A. 1991) – novelist
• Susan Fromberg Schaeffer (B.A. 1961, M.A. 1963, Ph.D. 1966) – novelist, poet and professor
• Susan Sontag (A.B. 1951) – author, filmmaker and activist, MacArthur Fellow
• George Steiner (A.B. 1948) – literary critic
• Nancy Tilly (M.A.) – children’s author
• Carl Van Vechten (1903) – writer of novels such as Nigger Heaven and prolific portrait photographer
• Herman Voaden (X) – playwright and social activist
• Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (A.M. 1971) – author of Cat's Cradle, Slaughterhouse-Five, Breakfast of Champions
• Cecelia Watson (A.M. 2005, Ph.D. 2011) – nonfiction author and academic
• Edward F. Wente (Ph.D. 1959) – professor and Egyptologist
• Yvor Winters (attended) – poet and critic{{cite web|url=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/695|title=Yvor Winters|first=Yvor|last=Winters|date=6 June 2001|website=Yvor Winters}}
• Marguerite Young – novelist and poet

• Abraham Adrian Albert (B.S. 1926, S.M. 1927, Ph.D. 1928)
• George Birkhoff (Ph.D. 1907) – Bôcher Memorial Prize winner
• Archie Blake (S.M. 1931, Ph.D. 1937)
• Gilbert Ames Bliss (Ph.D. 1900)
• Alberto Calderón (Ph.D. 1950) – co-founded the Chicago school of mathematical analysis; winner of Bôcher Memorial Prize, the Wolf Prize, and the National Medal of Science
• Wei-Liang Chow (B.A. 1931) – known for work in algebraic geometry
• Paul J. Cohen (S.M. 1954, Ph.D. 1958) – Fields Medal winner
• William Dembski (Ph.D. 1988)
• David Eisenbud (Ph.D. 1970)
• Bernard Galler (Ph.D. 1955)
• Murray Gerstenhaber (MA and Ph.D. 1951) – mathematician and lawyer
• Richard Hamming (B.S. 1947) – Turing Award winner
• Thomas W. Hungerford (Ph.D. 1963)
• John Irwin Hutchinson (Ph.D. 1896)
• Apoorva Khare (Ph.D. 2006)
• Ernest Preston Lane (Ph.D. 1918)
• Richard Lyons
• Saunders MacLane (A.M. 1931) – co-founder of category theory
• Janet McDonald (Ph.D. 1943) – mathematician
• Anil Nerode (Ph.D. 1956)
• Ken Ono (B.A. 1989)
• Alice Turner Schafer (Ph.D. 1942)
• Richard D. Schafer (Ph.D. 1942)
• Isadore Singer (Ph.D. 1955) – Abel Prize winner
• Elias M. Stein (Ph.D. 1959)
• John Thompson (Ph.D. 1959) – world leader in group theory, Fields Medal and National Medal of Science winner
• Oswald Veblen (Ph.D. 1903)
• George W. Whitehead (Ph.D. 1941)
• Dudley Weldon Woodard (M.S. 1907)[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/aframer/math.html Pioneer African American Mathematicians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423185222/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/aframer/math.html |date=2017-04-23 }}. University of Pennsylvania University Archives. Retrieved August 20, 2014.

• Charles F. Barlow (B.S. 1945, M.D. 1947) – pediatric neurologist and professor at Harvard Medical School
• Marion Danis (M.D. 1975) – bioethicist and physician-scientist at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae, Marion Danis, M.D. |url=https://www.cc.nih.gov/sites/default/files/bioethics/assets/pdf/cv/m_danis.pdf |access-date=October 5, 2024 |website=NIH.gov}}
• Robert Gallo (Resident in Medicine 1963–1965) – identified first retrovirus in humans{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/913/000117562/|title=Robert C. Gallo|website=www.nndb.com}}
• Maurice Hilleman (Ph.D. 1941) – leading microbiologist specialising in vaccinology, whose vaccines save nearly 8 million lives each year{{Cite journal|last=Dove|first=Alan|date=April 2005|title=Maurice Hilleman|journal=Nature Medicine|language=en|volume=11|issue=4|pages=S2|doi=10.1038/nm1223|pmid=15812484|issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}
• Donald Hopkins (M.D. 1966) – MacArthur Fellow (1995); acting director (1985) of the Centers for Disease Control
• Kathy Hudson (MSc) – microbiologist specializing in science policy{{Cite web |date=2016-12-19 |title=Statement Regarding the Departure of Dr. Kathy L. Hudson |url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-regarding-departure-dr-kathy-l-hudson |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=National Institutes of Health (NIH) |language=EN}}
• John D. Hunter 2004 – neurobiologist
• Sarah H. Kagan – Lucy Walker Honorary Term Professor of Gerontological Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania; MacArthur Fellow in 2003
• Leon Kass (S.B. 1958, M.D. 1962) – chairman of the President's Council on Bioethics; Addie Clark Harding Professor in the Committee on Social Thought; Hertog Fellow in Social Thought at the American Enterprise Institute
• Andrew S. Levey (B.A. 1972) – nephrologist, medical researcher, and professor, Tufts University School of Medicine
• Anne L. Peters – physician, diabetologist and professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC
• Joseph Ransohoff (M.D. 1941) – pioneer in the field of neurosurgery; founder of the first neurosurgical intensive care unit; chief of neurosurgery at NYU Medical Center
• Maurice H. Rees – medical educator, dean of University of Colorado School of Medicine 1925–1945
• Janet Rowley (Ph.B. 1944, S.B. 1946, M.D. 1948) – discovered translocation on chromosome 9 resulted in the Philadelphia chromosome, and had implications for specific types of leukemia; her work has influenced further research into cancer genetics
• Esther Somerfeld-Ziskind – neurologist and psychiatrist
• Samuel Stanley – MD, immunologist, biomedical researcher and 5th president of Stony Brook University
• David Talmage – Professor of Medicine, discovered the clonal selection theory
• Eve van Cauter – sleep medicine director; one of the first people to discover that sleep deprivation affects the body

• Thomas J. J. Altizer (A.B. 1948, A.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1955) – "Death of God" theologian
• M. Craig Barnes (Ph.D. 1992) – president of Princeton Theological Seminary
• George Ricker Berry (Ph.D. 1895) – Semitic scholar, author, archaeologist, and Professor Emeritus of Colgate-Rochester Divinity School
• Nigel Biggar (A.M. 1980, Ph.D. 1986) – Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at the University of Oxford
• Jonathan Butler (Ph.D. 1975) – historian of religion, lecturer for the Seventh-day Adventist Church
• Donald Eric Capps (M.A. 1966, Ph.D. 1970) – scholar and Professor of Pastoral Theology
• Jesse Lee Cuninggim – Methodist clergyman, head of the Department of Religious Education at Southern Methodist University and moved the Scarritt College from Kansas City, Missouri to Nashville, Tennessee as its president
• Frederick William Danker (Ph.D.) – New Testament lexicographer, editor of Bauer's Lexicon, professor at Concordia Seminary, Seminex, and Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago{{cite news|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/obituaries/rev-frederick-william-danker-dies-renowned-bible-scholar-taught-and/article_09364329-9b28-549c-aa6d-be43d44cacde.html|title=Rev. Frederick William Danker dies, renowned Bible scholar taught and was fired in purge at Concordia Seminary|last=Sorkin|first=Michael D.|date=7 February 2012|newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=10 February 2019}}
• Mary Ann Glendon (A.B. 1959, J.D. 1961, L.L.M. 1963) – president of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (highest-ranking female advisor to the Pope); Learned Hand Professor of Law, Harvard Law School; member of the President's Council on Bioethics
• Andrew Greeley (A.M. 1961, Ph.D. 1962) – Senior Study Director at the National Opinion Research Center; Roman Catholic priest; sociologist; best-selling novelist
• Charles Richmond Henderson (Old University A.B. 1870) – sociologist of religion, president of the National Prison Association
• Don Wendell Holter (Ph.D. 1934) – Professor of Church History and Missions at Garrett Theological Seminary; founding President of Saint Paul School of Theology; Bishop of the United Methodist Church
• Vernon Johns – civil rights activist, pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
• Raymond A. Joseph (M.A. 1963) – first translation of the New Testament and Psalms of the Bible into Haitian Creole under the auspices of the American Bible Society (1960)
• Jeffrey Kaplan (Ph.D. 1993) – Associate Professor of Religion at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
• Douglas Laycock (J.D.) – Professor at the University of Virginia School of Law, expert of religious liberties
• Felix A. Levy (Ph.D. 1917) – Rabbi of Emanuel Congregation
• Jeffery D. Long (A.M. 1993, PhD 2000) – Hindu expert and author of A Vision for Hinduism: Beyond Hindu Nationalism{{cite web|url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/526722/|title=Book Presents Hinduism as "˜Universal' Religion|website=www.newswise.com}}
• Martin Marty (Ph.D. 1956) – National Humanities Medal (1997); national figure in non-sectarian religious studies
• Lena B. Mathes (Ph.B. 1911, A.M. 1912, B.D. 1914) – educator, social reformer, ordained Baptist minister
• Ingrid Mattson (Ph.D. 1999) – first female president of Islamic Society of North America; professor of religion at Hartford Seminary
• John Warwick Montgomery (Ph.D. 1962) – lawyer, theologian and academic known for his work in the field of Christian apologetics{{cite web|url=http://www.jwm.christendom.co.uk/|title=JWM's WEB SITE|access-date=10 September 2012}}
• David Novak (A.B. 1961) – Jewish legal theorist at the University of Toronto; a founder of the Institute of Traditional Judaism; author of Covenantal Rights
• Dallin H. Oaks (J.D. 1957) – Apostle; member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
• Jaroslav Pelikan (Ph.D. 1946) – historian of Christian thought; Sterling Professor of History at Yale University; winner of Library of Congress' Kluge Prize in the Human Sciences; author of The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine
• Mordecai Waxman (A.B. 1937) – rabbi in American Jewish Conservative movement, responsible for opening dialogue between American Jews and Pope John Paul II in 1987

• Janet L. Abu-Lughod (A.B. 1947, A.M. 1950) – Professor Emerita of Sociology at the New School for Social Research
• Guillermo Algaze (A.M. 1979, Ph.D. 1986) – MacArthur Fellow (2003); Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego
• Anne Allison (A.M. 1979, Ph.D. 1986) – Robert O. Keohane Professor of Cultural Anthropology, Duke University
• Alfred C. Aman Jr. (J.D. 1970) – professor of administrative law; author; dean of Indiana University Maurer School of Law – Bloomington and Suffolk University Law School
• Elijah Anderson (A.M. 1972) – William K. Lanman Jr. Professor of Sociology, Yale University
• Arjun Appadurai (A.M. 1973, Ph.D. 1976) – Goddard Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication, New York University
• Robert Axelrod (A.B. 1964) – MacArthur Fellow (1990); Professor of Public Policy, University of Michigan
• Howard S. Becker (Ph.B. 1946, A.M. 1949, Ph.D. 1951) – former Professor of Sociology at Northwestern University and the University of California, Santa Barbara
• Walter Berns (A.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1953) – National Humanities Medal (2005); John M. Olin University Professor Emeritus at Georgetown University
• Lorenzo Bini Smaghi (Ph.D. 1988) – member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank; economist
• Leonard Bloomfield – linguist who led the development of structural linguistics
• Larry Bourne (Ph.D. 1966) – Professor Emeritus of Urban Geography and Planning, University of Toronto
• Sophonisba Breckinridge (JD, 1904) – dean of the College of Arts, Literature, and Science, University of Chicago
• Michael Burawoy (Ph.D. 1976) – Professor of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley
• Lynton K. Caldwell (A.B. 1934, Ph.D. 1943) – Arthur F. Bentley Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Indiana University Bloomington
• Stephen Cameron (Ph.D. 1996) – financial analyst, economist and Adjunct Associate Professor of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University
• Marvin Chirelstein (J.D. 1953) – Professor at Columbia Law School and Yale Law School
• Gregory Chow (A.M. 1952, Ph.D. 1955) – Professor of Economics, Emeritus, and Class of 1913 Professor of Political Economy, Emeritus, at Princeton University
• L. Zenobia Coleman (1898–1999) – librarian
• Ann Weiser Cornell (Ph.D. 1975) – authority on focusing; author of The Power of Focusing
• Carol Blanche Cotton (Ph.D. 1939) – early African-American female psychologist
• Mihály Csíkszentmihályi (A.B. 1960, Ph.D. 1965) – C.S. and D.J. Davidson Professor of Psychology and Management, Claremont Graduate University; pioneer of the concept of "flow"
• Werner J. Dannhauser (Ph.D. 1971) – Professor of Government at Cornell University and Michigan State University, expert on Nietzsche and on Judaism and politics
• Nicholas de Genova (A.B. 1982, Ph.D. 1989) – Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Columbia University
• Stefanie DeLuca (A.B. 1998) – Professor of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University; author of Coming of Age in the Other America
• Kristina Durante – chaired professor at Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick
• Paul Ekman – professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco, pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions
• Eugene Fama (Ph.D. 1964) – father of efficient market theory. Robert R. McCormick Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago
• Marianne Ferber (Ph.D.) – Professor Emeritus of Economics at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• George P. Fletcher (J.D. 1964) – Professor at Columbia Law School
• Roland G. Fryer Jr. – Henry Lee Professor of Economics at Harvard University
• Marc Galanter (J.D.) – Professor Emeritus at University of Wisconsin School of Law
• Alexander L. George (A.M. 1941, Ph.D. 1958) – MacArthur Fellow (1983); Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations, Emeritus, Stanford University; pioneering scholar in political psychology and foreign policy
• Erving Goffman (A.M. 1949, Ph.D. 1953) – former Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Pennsylvania
• Claudia Goldin (Ph.D. 1972) – Winner of the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, Henry Lee Professor of Economics at Harvard University
• Zvi Griliches (A.M. 1955, Ph.D. 1957) – John Bates Clark Medalist (1965); economist
• Sanford J. Grossman (A.B. 1973, A.M. 1974, Ph.D. 1975) – John Bates Clark Medalist (1987); economist
• Daniel S. Hamermesh (B.A. 1965) – Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Texas at Austin{{cite web|title=Curriculum vitae: DANIEL S. HAMERMESH|url=https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/ffiles/hamermes/n6SloqiXsQ|access-date=26 January 2018}}
• Charles V. Hamilton (A.M. 1957, Ph.D. 1964) – civil rights leader and Professor in Political Science, Columbia University
• Robin Hanson (A.M. 1984, M.S. 1984) – associate professor of economics at George Mason University, research associate at the Future of Humanity Institute of Oxford University
• Edward C. Hayes (Ph.D. 1902) – president of the American Sociological Association
• Susanna Hecht (A.B. 1972) – Professor of Urban Planning, UCLA; a founder of "Political Ecology" approach to forestry; Guggenheim Fellow (2008)
• Carolyn Heinrich (Ph.D. 1995) – Sid Richardson Professor and economist at University of Texas at Austin
• Ukshin Hoti (1943–1999?) – professor of international law at the University of Pristina
• Michael Hudson (born 1939) – economics professor
• Samuel P. Huntington (A.M. 1948) – Albert J. Weatherhead Professor of Government at Harvard University; author of The Clash of Civilizations (1998)
• Harold Innis – founder of the Toronto School of Communication
• Robert Kates (A.M. 1960, Ph.D. 1962) – MacArthur Fellow (1981); Professor Emeritus of Geography and Director Emeritus of the World Hunger Program at Brown University
• Vytautas Kavolis – sociologist, literary critic, and cultural historian
• Frances Kellor – social reformer and sociologist, specializing in immigrants' rights
• V. O. Key Jr. (Ph.D. 1934) – taught at UCLA, professor at Johns Hopkins University, Alfred Cowles Professor of Government at Yale University, Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History and Government at Harvard University
• Bruce M. King (Ph.D. 1978) – psychologist and professor at Clemson University
• Keiichiro Kobayashi (Ph.D. 1998) – Professor of Faculty of Economics, Keio University
• John Komlos (Ph.D. 1978) – professor emeritus, University of Munich economic historian and founder of the journal Economics and Human Biology
• Rose Hum Lee (Ph.D. 1947) – first woman and first Chinese American to head a US university sociology department, appointed such at Roosevelt University, 1956
• Charles Miller Leslie – anthropologist
• Frederick B. Lindstrom (Ph.D. 1950) – sociologist and historian of the Chicago School of sociology
• Julie Beth Lovins (Ph.D. 1973) – computational linguist who developed the first stemming algorithm for word matching
• Antonio Martino (Ph.D. 1968) – Professor of Economics at LUISS Guido Carli University in Rome, former Italian Ministry of Defense
• Vivian Carter Mason (A.B. 1925) – gender and civil rights advocate
• Adeline Masquelier (Ph.D. 1993) – cultural anthropologist at Tulane University
• Nolan McCarty (A.B. 1990) – Susan Dod Brown Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University
• Zoila S. Mendoza (M.A. 1987, PhD 1993) – Professor and Chair of Native American Studies, University of California, Davis{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Zoila S. |title=Abbreviated CV |url=https://crittheory.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk5741/files/inline-files/mendozas_short_cv_16.doc |access-date=2023-06-23 |format=doc }}
• Thomas W. Merrill (J.D. 1977) – Charles Evans Hughes professor at Columbia Law School
• Richard Thacker Morris (Ph.D.) – Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago and the UCLA
• Kevin M. Murphy (Ph.D. 1986) – John Bates Clark Medalist (1997); George J. Stigler Professor of Economics, University of Chicago
• John V. Murra (A.M. 1942, Ph.D. 1956) – anthropologist and researcher of the Inca Empire
• Marc Leon Nerlove (A.B. 1952) – John Bates Clark Medalist (1969); economist
• Esther Newton (A.M. 1964, Ph.D. 1968) – Kempner Distinguished Research Professor of Anthropology at SUNY; pioneer in gender and sexuality studies; author of Mother Camp
• Harold L. Nieburg (Ph.B. 1947, A.M. 1952, Ph.D. 1960) – Professor of Political Science at SUNY; author of In the Name of Science
• Anne Norton (A.B. 1977, A.M. 1979, Ph.D. 1982) – Alfred L. Cass Term Chair and Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania; author of Leo Strauss and the Politics of American Empire (2004)
• Walter Oi (Ph.D. 1961) – Elmer B. Milliman Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester
• Sherry Ortner (A.M. 1966, Ph.D. 1970) – MacArthur Fellow (1990); Distinguished Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles
• William Padula (M.Sc. 2015) – professor of Pharmaceutical & Health Economics, University of Southern California
• George L. Priest (J.D.) – John M. Olin Professor of Law and Economics and director of the John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Public Policy at Yale Law School
• Enrico Quarantelli (Ph.D. 1959) – founder of disaster science
• Paul Rabinow (A.B. 1965, A.M. 1967, Ph.D. 1970) – Robert H. Lowie Distinguished Chair in Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley
• Renee Rabinowitz (A.M. 1969, Ph.D. 1974) – psychologist and lawyer
• Amien Rais (Ph.D. 1984) – professor; former chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) of the Republic of Indonesia
• Jonathan Rapping (A.B.) – professor of law at Atlanta's John Marshall Law School and Harvard Law School, criminal defense attorney, founder and president of Gideon's Promise, MacArthur Fellow (2014)
• James M. Redfield (A.B. 1954, Ph.D. 1961) – Edward Olson Distinguished Service Professor and Professor of the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago (1976–present)
• Albert Rees (Ph.D. 1950) – former University of Chicago and Princeton economics professor, former Provost at Princeton, advisor to President Gerald Ford{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/07/us/albert-rees-71-labor-economist-and-an-adviser-to-president-ford.html|title=Albert Rees, 71, Labor Economist And an Adviser to President Ford|first=Clifford J.|last=Levy|work=The New York Times |date=7 September 1992 |publisher=}}
• Harriet Lange Rheingold (Ph.D. 1955) – developmental psychologist and professor at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Philip Rieff (A.B. 1946, A.M. 1947, Ph.D. 1954) – Benjamin Franklin Professor of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania; author of Freud: The Mind of the Moralist (1959); sociologist
• Mario J. Rizzo (Ph.D. 1977) – professor of economics [New York University]
• Lawrence Rosen (Ph.D. 1968, J.D. 1974) – William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University; Adjunct Professor of Law at Columbia University
• Philip Carl Salzman (Ph.D. 1972) – Professor of Anthropology, McGill University
• Paul Samuelson (A.B. 1935) – Institute Professor, MIT. Bank of Sweden Prize in Economics in Memory of Alfred Nobel, 1970
• Ritch Savin-Williams (A.M. 1973, Ph.D. 1977) – Professor of developmental psychology at Cornell University; prolific sexual orientation researcher
• Thomas Sebeok (A.B. 1941, A.M. 1943) – semiotician and linguist
• Richard Sennett (A.B. 1964) – Centennial Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics, Bemis Adjunct Professor of Sociology at MIT, and Professor of Humanities at New York University
• Richard B. Spencer (A.M. 2003) – white supremacist, alt-right leader
• Orin Starn (A.B. 1982) – Sally Dalton Robinson Professor of Cultural Anthropology, Duke University
• Daniel Stokols (A.B. 1969) – Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine
• Edwin Sutherland (Ph.D. 1913) – former professor of sociology at Indiana University
• Wenfang Tang (Ph.D. 1990) – Presidential Chair Professor and the dean of the School of Humanities and Social Science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, former chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Iowa and head of the Division of Social Science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
• Robert Thompson (A.B. 1981) – director of Syracuse University's Center for the Study of Popular Television
• Reeta Chowdhari Tremblay (Ph.D. 1990) – professor of political science and former provost, University of Victoria
• Jeffrey K. Tulis (Ph.D. 1982) – Professor of Government and Law, The University of Texas at Austin
• Jonathan Turley (A.B. 1983) – professor of law at The George Washington University Law School
• Sudhir Venkatesh (A.M. 1992, Ph.D. 1997) – William B. Ransford Professor of Sociology, Columbia University
• Loïc Wacquant (A.M. 1986, Ph.D. 1994) – MacArthur Fellow (1997); Professor of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley
• John M. Wallace Jr. (A.M. 1987) – Professor of Sociology, University of Pittsburgh
• Althea Warren – president of the American Library Association 1943–1944
• John B. Watson (Ph.D. 1903) – established behaviorism and pioneered rat-in-maze laboratory research
• Mildred Mott Wedel (M.A. 1938) – scholar of Great Plains archaeology and ethnohistory
• James Q. Wilson (A.M. 1957, Ph.D. 1959) – Ronald Reagan Professor of Public Policy at Pepperdine University; Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient (2003)
• Michael Woodford (A.B. 1977) – MacArthur Fellow (1981); Professor of Economics, Princeton University
• Henry Tutwiler Wright (A.M. 1965, Ph.D. 1967) – MacArthur Fellow (1983); Professor of Anthropology and Curator of Archaeology, University of Michigan
• Theodore O. Yntema (Ph.D. 1929) – economist, director of the Cowles Commission

• Robert McCormick Adams (Ph.B. 1947, A.M. 1952, Ph.D. 1956) – archeologist, Secretary Emeritus of the Smithsonian Institution
• Warder Clyde Allee (S.M. 1910, Ph.D. 1912) – zoologist and ecologist
• Abhay Ashtekar (Ph.D. 1974) – pioneer in the field of loop quantum gravity
• Zonia Baber – geographer and geologist
• John N. Bahcall (S.M. 1957) – known for contributions to solar neutrino problem and development of the Hubble Space Telescope, and development of Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
• Asish Basu (M.Sc. 1969) – geologist, Professor Emeritus of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Texas at Arlington
• J Harlen Bretz (Ph.D. 1913) – geologist, Penrose Medal 1979
• Ralph Buchsbaum (Ph.D. 1938) – invertebrate zoologist
• Facundo Bueso Sanllehí (M.S. 1929) – Guggenheim Fellow, physicist and educator
• Albert Chan (Ph.D. 1979) – fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, president of Hong Kong Baptist University{{cite news|url=http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1011/0/9/1/101109149.html?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=101109149|title=陳新滋獲委任為香港浸會大學校長 (Chan Sun-Chi appointed as Hong Kong Baptist University president)|work=China Review News|date=2009-10-19|access-date=2013-04-09|archive-date=2018-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022184943/http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1011/0/9/1/101109149.html?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=101109149|url-status=dead}}
• Jane C. Charlton (M.S. 1984) – professor of astronomy and astrophysics{{cite web | url = http://www2.astro.psu.edu/users/charlton/janecv805.pdf | title = CURRICULUM VITAE JANE CHARLTON | access-date = 2011-05-25 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120312043056/http://www2.astro.psu.edu/users/charlton/janecv805.pdf | archivedate = 2012-03-12 }}
• Mihir Chowdhury (post doc 1962–64) – physical chemist, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate
• Margaret S. Collins (Ph.D. 1950) – invertebrate zoologist, professor and dean of the zoology department at Florida A&M University
• William Cottrell (A.B. 2002) – former Ph.D. candidate at the California Institute of Technology, described by scientists as a "genius", convicted in April 2005 of conspiracy to arson of 8 sport utility vehicles and a Hummer dealership in the name of the Earth Liberation Front (ELF)
• George Cowan (Ph.D. 1940) – scientist of the Manhattan Project, founder of the Santa Fe Institute
• Harmon Craig (Ph.D. 1951) – winner of Balzan Prize, the first in geochemistry; pioneer in Earth sciences
• James Dahlberg (Ph.D. 1966) – professor emeritus of biomolecular chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison
• Norman Davidson (B.S. 1937, Ph.D. 1941) – Caltech molecular biology professor, received a National Medal of Science
• Savas Dimopoulos (Ph.D. 1978) – theoretical physicist at Stanford; with Howard Georgi, he formulated the supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model, the leading theory for particle physics beyond the Standard Model
• Eleftherios Economou (Ph.D. 1969) – theoretical physicist at Univ. of Crete, Greece; known for his contributions in the field of surface plasmons; founder and chairman of the Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas (1983–2004)
• Frank Edwin Egler (S.B. 1932) – plant ecologist, winner of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1955
• Larry Ellison (dropped out) – co-founder and CEO of Oracle Corporation, a major database software company
• Harvey Fletcher (Ph.D. 1911) – collaborator with Robert Millikan on the Nobel Prize-winning experiment on the charge of an electron; father of stereophonic sound
• Robert Floyd (A.B. 1953, S.B. 1958) – computer scientist, Turing Award winner
• Jeannette Howard Foster (Ph.D. 1935) – librarian, professor, and researcher
• T. Theodore Fujita (S.B. 1953) – meteorologist, developed the Fujita scale for measuring tornadoes
• Gerald Gabrielse (Ph.D. 1980) – Professor of Physics at Harvard, known for his techniques of creating antimatter
• Martin Gardner (A.B. 1936) – author and columnist of "Mathematical Games" in Scientific American
• Richard Garwin (Ph.D. 1949) – physicist, author of first hydrogen bomb design, recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom
• Greg Gbur – author and physicist who studies classical coherence theory in optical physics
• Piara Singh Gill (Ph.D. 1940) – physicist, pioneer in cosmic ray nuclear physics
• Mack Gipson Jr. (S.M. 1961, Ph.D. 1963) – first African-American to obtain a Ph.D. in Geology; founding advisor of the NABGG in 1981; consultant to NASA
• Richard Gordon (BSc Mathematics 1963) – adapted Kaczmarz method to create the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique
• John M. Grunsfeld – physicist and NASA astronaut
• Gu Yidong (Ph.D. Organic Chemistry 1935) – chemist and one of the founders of inorganic chemistry in China
• Mary Hefferan (Ph.D. Zoology 1903) – bacteriologist
• Caroline Herzenberg (S.M. 1955, Ph.D. 1958) – physicist
• Seymour L. Hess (Ph.D. 1950) – meteorologist and planetary scientist who designed the weather instruments for the Viking 1
• Marie Agnes Hinrichs (Ph.D. 1923) – zoology, editor for the Journal of School Health from 1954 to 1959
• Brian M. Hoffman (S.B. 1962) – bioinorganic chemist at Northwestern University
• Marian E. Hubbard (S.B. 1894) – zoology professor at Wellesley College
• Edwin Hubble (S.B. 1910, Ph.D. 1917) – astronomer who found the first evidence for the Big Bang theory
• Christina Hulbe (Ph.D. 1998) – Antarctic researcher, geophysicist, glaciologist
• J. Allen Hynek (B.S. 1931, Ph.D. 1935) – astronomer, professor, and ufologist known for developing the close encounter classification system of UFO experiences
• Deborah S. Jin (Ph.D. 1995) – physicist; MacArthur Fellow in 2003
• Donald Johanson (A.M. 1970, Ph.D. 1974) – paleoanthropologist who discovered "Lucy", a link between primates and humans
• Jason Jones (X. 1997) – co-founder of Bungie, the company behind Halo and Destiny
• Ernest Everett Just (Ph.D. 1916) – zoologist, biologist, physiologist, and research scientist
• William Tinsley Keeton (B.A. 1952, B.S. 1954) – zoologist known for work in animal navigation, and a popular professor at Cornell University
• Reatha Clark King (Ph.D. 1963) – research chemist whose work in flame fluorine calorimetry contributed to NASA's successful Apollo 11 Moon landing
• Vern Oliver Knudsen (Ph.D. 1922) – co-founder of the Acoustical Society of America; Chancellor of UCLA from 1959 to 1960
• Robert Kowalski – computer scientist in field of logic programming
• Martin Kruskal (S.B. 1945) – Professor Emeritus at Princeton University, started the soliton revolution in mathematics; advances included Kruskal-Shafranov Instability, Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) Modes and the MHD Energy Principle, which laid theoretical foundations of controlled nuclear fusion, and Kruskal coordinates in theory of relativity
• Clark R. Landis (Ph.D. 1983) – chemist and professor of chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
• Stephen Lee (Ph.D. 1986) – Professor of Chemistry at Cornell University; MacArthur Fellow
• Philip S. Low (B.Sc. 1996) – Canadian inventor, computational neuroscientist, and mathematician{{cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae: Philip S. Low |url=https://cnl.salk.edu/~philip/Philip_Low_Resume.pdf |website=Salk Institute for Biological Studies |access-date=2 February 2025}}
• Lynn Margulis (A.B. 1957) – distinguished professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Medal of Science 1999 for Endosymbiotic Hypothesis; developed Gaia theory with James Lovelock
• George Willard Martin – mycologist and professor at the University of Iowa
• Kirtley F. Mather (Ph.D. 1915) – Professor of Geology at Harvard University; president, American Association for the Advancement of Science; civil libertarian
• Sara Branham Matthews – microbiologist
• Stanley Miller (Ph.D. 1954) – performed classic Miller–Urey experiment on origin of life in collaboration with Harold Urey in 1953
• J. Howard Moore (A.B. 1898) – zoologist, philosopher, educator and socialist who was an early advocate for animal rights based on Darwinian principles of shared evolutionary kinship
• William Wilson Morgan (S.B. 1927, Ph.D. 1931) – astronomer who co-developed MK system for classification of stars, as well as classification systems for galaxies and clusters; director of Yerkes Observatory
• Stuart Newman (Ph.D., 1970) – developmental and evolutionary biologist
• Donald Osterbrock (A.B., Ph.D.) – astrophysicist known for his contributions to the body of knowledge on interstellar matter, gaseous nebulae, and the nuclei of active galaxies; president of American Astronomical Society; director of Lick Observatory
• Saundra Herndon Oyewole (M.S.) – microbiologist, professor at Trinity Washington University, and Program Director of Undergraduate Education at the National Science Foundation
• Fushih Pan (M.D. 1986, Ph.D. 1989) – plastic surgeon; developer of the MIRA procedure
• Clair Cameron Patterson (Ph.D. 1951) – geochemist accurately determined the age of the Earth and discovered significant lead contamination of the environment
• Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik – Indian scholar, scientist, and science author
• Jeannette Piccard (S.M. 1919) – Balloon aeronaut, speaker for NASA, teacher, scientist and Episcopal priest
• Edith Abigail Purer (M.S. 1921) – botanist
• Ida Kraus Ragins (B.A. 1918, M.S. 1919) – biochemist
• Raymond R. Rogers (Ph.D. 1995) – geology professor
• Nancy Grace Roman (Ph.D. 1949) – astronomer, NASA's Chief of Astronomy, planning of the Hubble Space Telescope
• Arthur H. Rosenfeld (Ph.D. 1954) – physicist; professor at University of California, Berkeley; energy efficiency pioneer
• Meyer Rubin (S.B. 1947, S.M. 1949, Ph.D. 1956) – geologist
• Carl Sagan (A.B. 1954, S.B. 1955, S.M. 1956, Ph.D. 1960) – astronomer, author of Contact; Pulitzer Prize winner
• Ann Linnea Sandberg (Ph.D. 1964) – immunologist at National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
• John T. Scopes (X. 1931) – proponent of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution that led to the Scopes Trial and the inspiration for the play and film Inherit the Wind
• Nadrian Seeman (S.B. 1966) – physicist, Kavli Prize laureate, inventor of DNA nanotechnology
• Alex Seropian (S.B. 1991) – co-founder of Bungie, the company behind Halo and Destiny
• Herbert A. Simon (A.B. 1936, Ph.D. 1943) – computer scientist, Turing Award winner; economist, Nobel Prize winner
• Joanne Simpson (Ph.D. 1949) – meteorologist
• Pierre Sokolsky (B.A. 1967) – astrophysicist, Panofsky Prize Laureate, directed the HiRES Cosmic Ray Detector project and pioneer in ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics
• Eugene Stevens (Ph.D. 1965) – known for research in biodegradable plastics
• Otto Struve (Ph.D. 1923) – astronomer, Fellow of the Royal Society
• Verner E. Suomi (Ph.D. 1953) – educator, inventor, and scientist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; considered the father of satellite meteorology
• David Suzuki (Ph.D. 1961) – Chair of the David Suzuki Foundation; award-winning scientist, environmentalist and broadcaster
• David Tannor (born 1958) – theoretical chemist, Hermann Mayer Professorial Chair in the Department of Chemical Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science
• Shiro Tashiro (B.S. 1909, Ph.D. 1912) – Japanese-American biochemist and professor
• Moddie Taylor (Ph.D. 1943) – chemist, known for contribution to the Manhattan Project while working in the Metallurgical Laboratory
• Richard Thieme (M.A., 1967) – priest, technology consultant, author
• Richard E. Tracy (Ph.D. 1961) – forensic pathologist
• Sherry Turkle (attended Committee on Social Thought, 1971) – Abby Rockefeller Mauze Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Adah Elizabeth Verder (B.S. 1923, Ph.D.1928) – medical bacteriologist and researcher at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• Chi Che Wang (M.S. 1916, Ph.D. 1918) – biochemist, professor at Northwestern University and University of Cincinnati
• Gerald J. Wasserburg (B.S. 1951, M.S. 1952, Ph.D. 1954) – John D. MacArthur Professor of Geology and Geophysics, Emeritus at California Institute of Technology
• Richard Wassersug (Ph.D. 1973) – professor of anatomy at Dalhousie University
• Alvin M. Weinberg (B.S. 1935, M.S. 1936, Ph.D. 1939) – nuclear physicist, administrator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory during and after the Manhattan Project
• George Wetherill (Ph.B. 1948, S.M. 1949, S.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1953) – National Medal of Science winner, known for seminal work on formation of planets and solar system
• J. Ernest Wilkins Jr. (B.S. 1940) – nuclear scientist, mechanical engineer, and mathematician known for contribution to the Manhattan Project
• Erik Winfree (B.S.) – computer scientist, bioengineer, and professor at California Institute of Technology; MacArthur fellow in 2000

• Sally Albright and Harry Burns, portrayed by Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal, in the film When Harry Met Sally...
• Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones Jr., archaeologist and adventurer portrayed by Harrison Ford in the Indiana Jones film series
• Dr. Richard Kimble, MD, vascular surgeon wrongly convicted of his wife's murder, portrayed by Harrison Ford in the film The Fugitive
• Drixenol "Drix" Koldreliff, a stoic cold pill in the movie Osmosis Jones, played by David Hyde Pierce
• Kitty Pryde, member of the superhero group the X-Men
• Dr. Mark Taylor, ER director in the TV series Code Black
• Mark Watney, astronaut and titular main character in the novel The Martian, portrayed by Matt Damon in the film adaptation

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