Outline of Australia

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This outline of Australia is an overview of and topical guide to various aspects of the country of Australia:

Australia refers to both the continent of Australia and to the Commonwealth of Australia, the sovereign country. The continent of Australia, the world's smallest continent, is in the Southern Hemisphere and borders both the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Commonwealth of Australia comprises the mainland of the Australian continent, the major island of Tasmania, other nearby islands, and various external territories.{{cite web|date=2 July 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/australia/|title=Australia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=23 July 2009}} Neighbouring countries are Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east.

The Australian mainland has been inhabited for at least 50,000 years by Aboriginal Australians.[http://news.softpedia.com/news/Both-Aborigines-and-Europeans-Rooted-in-Africa-54225.shtml Both Australian Aborigines and Europeans Rooted in Africa – 50,000 years ago] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north and then European discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606,MacKnight, CC (1976).The Voyage to Marege: Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia. Melbourne University Press the eastern half of Australia was later claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation as part of the colony of New South Wales, commencing on 26 January 1788. As the population grew and new areas were explored, another five largely self-governing Crown colonies were established during the 19th century.

General reference

File:As-map.png]]

Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|audio=EN-Australia-Pronunciation.ogg|ə|ˈ|s|t|r|eɪ|l|i|ə|,_|ɒ|-}}
Common English country name: Australia
Official English country name: The Commonwealth of Australia
Common endonym(s): Land Down Under
Official endonym(s): Australia
Adjectival(s): Australian
Demonym(s): Aussie (colloquially)
Etymology: Name of Australia
International rankings of Australia
ISO country codes: AU, AUS, 036
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:AU
Internet country code top-level domain: .au

Geography

File:Topography of australia.jpg]]

File:Australia-climate-map MJC01.png]]

File:Australian Map Extremities.svg

Geography of Australia

Australia is:
a continent
a country
a nation state
a Commonwealth realm
a megadiverse country
Location:
Australia is a region or subregion of:
The World (Australia is a continent on the planet Earth)
Southern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
Oceania
Australasia
Australia lies between:
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
South Pacific Ocean
Southern Ocean
Time zones:
Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) (UTC+10), Australian Eastern Summer Time (AEDT) (UTC+11)
Australian Central Standard Time (ACST) (UTC+09:30), Australian Central Summer Time (ACDT) (UTC+10:30),
Australian Western Standard Time (AWST) (UTC+08)
Extreme points of Australia (mainland)
Northernmost Point – Cape York, Queensland (10°41' S)
Southernmost Point – South Point, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria (39°08' S)
Westernmost Point – Steep Point, Western Australia (113°09' E)
Easternmost Point – Cape Byron, New South Wales (153°38' E)
Highest Point – Mount Kosciuszko {{convert|2228|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
Lowest Point – Lake Eyre {{convert|-15|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 25,760 km
Population of Australia: 25,694,393 people {{cite web | title=Australian Demographic Statistics December 2020 | url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0 | access-date=3 May 2021}} (December 2020) – 54th most populous country
Area of Australia: {{convert|7741220|km2|abbr=on}} – 6th largest country
Atlas of Australia
Surveying in Australia

=Environment=

File:Australia.jpg]]

Environment of Australia

Image:Koala climbing tree.jpg|A koala.

Image:Kangaroo-in-flight cropped.jpg|A kangaroo.

Image:SaltwaterCrocodile('Maximo').jpg|The Saltwater crocodile is the largest species of crocodile in the world.

Image:Emoe.jpg|An emu.

Image:Chlamydosaurus kingii.jpg|Frill-necked lizard.

==Geographic features==

=Regions=

Ecoregions in Australia

==Multi-state regions==

==Administrative divisions==

File:Australian external territories.png

States and territories of Australia

===States===

===Territories===

====Mainland territories====

====External territories====

===Municipalities===

Local government in Australia

Cities of Australia

=Demography=

Demographics of Australia

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
style="text-align: center; background: #cccccc" \|width="24%"\| State/territory \|width="15%"\| Land area (km²)	width="4%"\| Rank \|width="15%"\| Population (2012)	width="4%"\| Rank \|width="15%"\| Population density (/km²)	width="4%"\| Rank \|width="15%"\| % of population in capital	width="4%"\| Rank
align="left"\| 25x15px New South Wales \| 800,642	5th \| 7,348,900	1st	9.18	3rd	63.5%	5th
align="left"\| 25x15px Victoria \| 227,416	6th \| 5,679,600	2nd	24.97	2nd	74.8%	4th
align="left"\| 25x15px Queensland \| 1,730,648	2nd \| 4,610,900	3rd	2.66	5th	47.5%	7th
align="left"\| 25x15px Western Australia \| 2,529,875	1st \| 2,472,700	4th	0.98	7th	76.7%	3rd
align="left"\| 25x15px South Australia \| 983,482	4th \| 1,662,200	5th	1.69	6th	76.8%	2nd
align="left"\| 25x15px Tasmania \| 68,401	7th \| 512,400	6th	7.49	4th	42.3%	8th
align="left"\| 25x15px Australian Capital Territory \| 2,358	8th \| 379,600	7th	160.98	1st	98.7%	1st
align="left"\| 25x15px Northern Territory \| 1,349,129	3rd \| 236,900	8th	0.18	8th	55.6%	6th