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September 1915

{{short description|Month of 1915}}

{{Events by month|1915}}

{{calendar|year=1915|month=September}}

File:Gruelleann1.jpg of the first Raggedy Ann doll.]]

The following events occurred in September 1915:

[[September 1]], 1915 (Wednesday)

  • Siege of Mora – Allied forces brought in larger artillery pieces to bombard the German fort on Mora mountain in German Cameroon.{{cite journal|last1=Damis|first1=Fritz|title=Auf Dem Moraberge – Erinnerungen an Die Kämpfe Der 3. (German soldiers' collective account of the siege)|journal=Kompagnie der Ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe für Kamerun|date=1929|location=Berlin}}
  • The No. 19, No. 20, No. 22 and No. 23 Squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps were established.{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/19squadron.cfm |title=19 Squadron |work=Royal Air Force |year=2014 |access-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194519/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/19squadron.cfm |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}{{cite web |url= http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/20squadron.cfm |title=20 Squadron |work=Royal Air Force |year=2014 |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182419/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/20squadron.cfm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/22squadron.cfm |title=22 Squadron |work=Royal Air Force |year=2014 |access-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121103431/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/22Squadron.cfm |archive-date=21 November 2016 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/23squadron.cfm |title=23 Squadron |work=Royal Air Force |year=2014 |access-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194519/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/23squadron.cfm |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}
  • Ross Sea party – While marooned from the British polar ship Aurora after it drifted away from the Antarctic in the Southern Ocean, the main party regrouped and used stores from previous expeditions to replenish food, clothing and equipment for the next ten months. Expedition commander Aeneas Mackintosh decided the group would complete their original mission to set up supply depots on the Ross Ice Shelf for the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, one that would result in the longest sledging journey on record.{{cite book|author-link= Kelly Tyler-Lewis|last= Tyler-Lewis|first= Kelly|title= The Lost Men: The Harrowing Saga of Shackleton's Ross Sea Party|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|location= London|year= 2007|isbn= 978-0-7475-7972-4|page=249}}
  • Electronic manufacturer Yokogawa Electric was founded in Tokyo as a research institute specializing in metering before incorporating as a manufacturer in 1920.{{cite web |url=http://www.yokogawa.com/pr/corporate/pr-corp-history-en.htm |title=Corporate History |access-date=March 25, 2014 }}
  • The Iwate Light Railway was extended in the Iwate Prefecture, Japan, with station Aozasa serving the line.{{cite magazine|last = Miyata|first = Hiroyuki|script-title=ja:釜石線ショートヒストリー ～路線と蒸気機関車～|trans-title=A short history of the Kamaishi Line: The line and steam locomotives|magazine=Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 54|issue = 638|pages=24–25|publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location = Japan |language= ja|date = June 2014}}
  • Born: Ken Aston, English sports official, developed the penalty card system for association football; as Kenneth George Aston, in Colchester, England (d. 2001){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died: Inoue Kaoru, 79, Japanese state leader, cabinet minister for the Itō Hirobumi administration including the first Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1836){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 2]], 1915 (Thursday)

  • The British troopship SS Vaderland was hit by a torpedo launched by German submarine {{SMU|UB-14||2}} in the Aegean Sea and beached on the island of Lemnos, with the entire crew surviving. The ship was repaired and returned to service in 1916.{{cite web | last = Matthews | first = Leslie William | title = Diary | url = http://matthewsreevesfamily.blogspot.com/2007/11/6-leslie-william-matthews.html | access-date = 2008-06-23 }}
  • Siege of Mora – A French force of 42 men made a second attempt to capture a local village near the Mora German fort in German Cameroon that had been helping the defenders, but were again repulsed with seven dead.Damais 1929{{citation not found|date=January 2025}}
  • The Knockaloe rail line opened on the Isle of Man to serve the Knockaloe Internment Camp and its 23,000 prisoners of war and 3,000 guards.{{cite book |last=Butt|first=R.V.J.|title=The Directory of Railway Stations|year=1995|publisher=Patrick Stephens|isbn=1-85260-508-1|page=137}}
  • American actor John Barrymore's fifth film The Incorrigible Dukane was released through Famous Players, and remains the earliest surviving Barrymore film.{{cite book |title=The Film Acting of John Barrymore |last=Garton |first=Joseph W. |year=1980 |publisher=Ayer Publishing |isbn=978-0-405-12910-0 |pages=64–66}}
  • Born: Meinhardt Raabe, American actor, last surviving cast member of the film The Wizard of Oz with dialogue, played the Munchkin coroner who certified that the Wicked Witch of the East was dead; in Watertown, Wisconsin, United States (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 3]], 1915 (Friday)

[[September 4]], 1915 (Saturday)

  • British submarine {{HMS|E7}} was scuttled after being caught in an anti-submarine net in the Dardanelles.{{cite book|last1=Stern|first1=Robert Cecil|title=The Hunter Hunted: Submarine Versus Submarine: Encounters from World War I to the Present|date=2007|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-379-6|page=30}}
  • Following heavy casualties sustained at the Battle of Scimitar Hill during the Gallipoli campaign, five depleted British mounted brigades were combined to form the 1st and 2nd Composite Mounted Brigades, which were active four months until dissolved on their return to Egypt.{{cite book | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1936 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42-56) | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office | location = London | isbn = 1-871167-12-4 | page=17}}

[[September 5]], 1915 (Sunday)

File:Casablanca fair 1915 poster.png.]]

  • The first Zimmerwald Conference was held in the Swiss city for over three days by anti-militarist socialist parties from countries that were originally neutral during World War I.{{cite book |editor-first1=Olga Hess |editor-last1=Gankin |editor-first2=H.H. |editor-last2=Fisher |title=The Bolsheviks and the First World War: The Origins of the Third International |location=Stanford, CA |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1940 |pages=309, 311–312}}
  • The Casablanca Fair officially opened for a two-month affair in Casablanca, with exhibitions representing the six major regions of Morocco as well as engineering and government projects.{{cite book| last=Irbouh| first=Hamid| title=Art in the Service of Colonialism: French Art Education in Morocco, 1912-1956| year=2005| publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co| location=New York| isbn=1-85043-851-X| page=59| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNY86ulQLvUC}}
  • The first baptism was recorded in the Flower Lane Church, established months earlier in Fuzhou, China by Methodist missionary John W. Gowdy.{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaculture.org/library/2008-02/04/content_25594.htm |website=ChinaCulture.org |title=Flower Lane Church in Fuzhou City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716101542/http://www1.chinaculture.org/library/2008-02/04/content_25594.htm |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}
  • Born:
  • Raymond Telles, American politician, first Mexican American to serve as a U.S. ambassador and serve as mayor for a major American city, Mayor of El Paso from 1957 to 1961, ambassador to Costa Rica from 1961 to 1967; in El Paso, Texas, United States (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Paul Păun, Romanian-Israeli poet, member of the Proletkult movement in Eastern Europe; as Zaharia Herșcovici, in Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania (present-day Romania) (d. 1994){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died: David Bedell-Sivright, 34, Scottish rugby player, forward for the Scotland national rugby union team from 1900 to 1908 and the British and Irish Lions from 1903 to 1904; killed in action during the Gallipoli campaign (b. 1880){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 6]], 1915 (Monday)

[[September 7]], 1915 (Tuesday)

  • Two Imperial German Army airships raided England. One of the airships bombed Millwall, Deptford, Greenwich, and Woolwich, but crash-landed in Germany short of her base after suffering engine failure on the way home. The other dropped most of her bomb load on greenhouses in Cheshunt before dropping her lone remaining incendiary bomb onto a shop on Fenchurch Street in London.{{sfn|Whitehouse|1966|p=109}}
  • Siege of Mora – British forces launched an attack on the German defensive positions around Mora in German Cameroon but were beaten back, with 15 African colonial soldiers and a British officer killed and five German troops wounded.Damais 1929{{citation not found|date=January 2025}}
  • The British Army established the 120th Brigade.{{cite book |first=Maj A.F. |last=Becke |title=History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division |orig-date=Originally published by HM Stationery Office, 1939 |location=Uckfield |publisher=Naval & Military Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84734-741-1 |pages=32–37}}
  • American cartoonist Johnny Gruelle was given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.{{cite web| url = http://www.raggedy-ann.com/jgill.html | title=Johnny Gruelle Inspired Illustrator|first=Patricia |last=Hall| publisher=Raggedy-Ann.com | date=1999|access-date= October 29, 2015| archive-date=September 10, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910091740/http://www.raggedy-ann.com/jgill.html | url-status=live}}
  • The community of Dikson was established in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.{{cite web |title=Historical reference |url=http://dikson-taimyr.ru/istoricheskaya-spravka/ |website=Dikson-Taimyr |publisher=City Administration Dikson |access-date=17 September 2019 |language=ru}}
  • Born: Jock Dodds, Scottish association football player, striker for the Scotland national football team during World War II and clubs including Sheffield from 1932 to 1950; as Ephraim Dodds, in Grangemouth, Scotland (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 8]], 1915 (Wednesday)

[[September 9]], 1915 (Thursday)

  • At a meeting of the Fourth State Duma, the legislative assembly of the Russian Empire, elected members associated with the Progressive Bloc pushed for the resignations of all ministers if the Bloc's program of expanded democratic freedoms was not adopted. This led to calls for the Fourth Duma to be suspended.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/Governments-Parliaments_and_Parties_%28Russian_Empire%29 |title=Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Russian Empire) |first=Fedor Aleksandrovich |last=Gaida |date=8 October 2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the First World War|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708230617/https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/Governments-Parliaments_and_Parties_(Russian_Empire) |archive-date=8 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}

File:Little Willie.jpg

  • William Foster & Co. of Lincoln, England, completed the first prototype military tank, nicknamed "Little Willie".{{cite book |title=The Landships of Lincoln |last=Pullen |first=Richard |publisher=Tucann |edition=2nd |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-873257-79-1 |page=30}}
  • An ammunition explosion aboard the U.S. Navy destroyer {{USS|Decatur|DD-5}} killed three sailors.{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/c/casualties-usnavy-marinecorps-personnel-killed-injured-selected-accidents-other-incidents-notdirectly-result-enemy-action.html#1900 |title=Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action |date=3 November 2020 |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=19 February 2023 }}
  • American academic scholars Carter G. Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in Chicago and incorporated it as an official organization in Washington, D.C., on October 2. It would be renamed Association for the Study of African American Life and History in 1973. The organization's official mission is "to promote, research, preserve, interpret, and disseminate information about Black life, history, and culture to the global community."{{cite web |url=https://asalh.org/about-us/our-history/ |title=Our History |website=ASALH.org |publisher=Association for the Study of African American Life and History |access-date=30 January 2025 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/affiliated-societies/association-for-the-study-of-african-american-life-and-history |website=American Historical Association |title=Association for the Study of African American Life and History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211923/http://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/affiliated-societies/association-for-the-study-of-african-american-life-and-history |archive-date=7 March 2016 |via=Wayback Machine}}
  • Born:
  • Arthur Lithgow, American actor, member of the Little Theatre Movement, father to John Lithgow; in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic (d. 2004){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Richard B. Sellars, American business executive, chairman and CEO of Johnson & Johnson from 1970 to 1976; in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Gozo Shioda, Japanese martial artist, founder of the Yoshinkan style of aikido, in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Empire of Japan (present-day Japan) (d. 1994){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died: A. G. Spalding, 66, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer, co-founder of Spalding and pitcher for the Chicago White Stockings; died of a stroke (b. 1850){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 10]], 1915 (Friday)

[[September 11]], 1915 (Saturday)

  • Bulgaria began to mobilize its forces for World War I, which included 469,169 men in 390 battalions, into the First, Second and Third Armies.Българската армия в Световната война, vol. II , pp. 892–905; Държавна печатница,София 1938Министерство на войната (1938), pp. 1132-1139Министерство на войната (1939), pp. 779–783Марков, Георги. Голямата война и българският ключ за европейския погреб 1914–1916, Sofia 1995, с. 180{{cite book |title=Войнитъ презъ Третото Българско Царство |last=Ганчев |first=Атанас |publisher= Родна Мисълъ | url=http://forum.boinaslava.net/showpost.php?p=274144&postcount=222 | page=375}}
  • The Joseon Industrial Exhibition opened in Gyeongseong, Korea (now Seoul) to mark the fifth anniversary of Japanese Korea.{{cite book| title=Chora 7: Intervals in the Philosophy of Architecture| first1=Alberto| last1=Pérez-Gómez| first2=Stephen| last2= Parcell| date=February 2016| publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP| isbn=9780773598799| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tE11CwAAQBAJ&q=1915+seoul+exhibition&pg=PA142| access-date=12 December 2017}}{{page needed|date=January 2025}}{{cite thesis| title=Inventing the identity of modern Korean architecture, 1904-1929| first1=Yoonchun| last1=Jung| publisher=McGill University, Montreal, Canada| date=November 2014}}{{page needed|date=January 2025}}
  • The Pennsylvania Railroad began electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system was later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLLmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA533 |title=The Electrification of the Pennsylvania Railroad from Broad Street Terminal Philadelphia to Paoli. |journal=The Electric Journal |volume=12 |issue=12 |date=December 1915 |location=Pittsburgh, PA |pages=536–541}}
  • A nitrate fire at Famous Players in New York destroyed several completed but unreleased silent films which were later remade. Films lost included Mary Pickford's Esmerelda and The Foundling and John Barrymore's The Red Widow.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Born:
  • Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Argentine state leader, 39th President of Argentina; in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 1978){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Carl Fallberg, American animator, known for his film and TV work for Disney, Hanna-Barbera, and Warner Bros.; in Cleveland, Tennessee, United States (d. 1996){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died:
  • William Sprague, 84, American politician, 27th Governor of Rhode Island; died of complications from meningitis (b. 1830){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • William Cornelius Van Horne, 72, Canadian rail executive, oversaw the major construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, youngest superintendent of the Illinois Central Railroad (b. 1843){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 12]], 1915 (Sunday)

  • Belgium fighter pilot Jan Olieslagers forced down a German Aviatik while flying a Nieuport named le Demon ("The Demon"), becoming the first Belgian pilot to score an aerial victory.{{cite book |first=Walter M. |last=Pieters |year=1998 |publisher=Grub Street |title=Above Flanders Fields: A Complete Record of the Belgian Fighter Pilots and Their Units During the Great War |pages=72–73}}
  • Fearing growing public backlash for bombing civilian targets in London, Chief of the German General Staff General Erich von Falkenhayn issued a statement that restricted German Army airships to bombing London's docks and harbor works.{{sfn|Whitehouse|1966|pp=112-113}}
  • Sports club El Porvenir was formed in Lanús Partido, Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina as a wrestling club but added association football to the organization in 1918.{{cite web |title=Club El Porvenir |url=http://www.bdfa.com.ar/clubesa-El-Porvenir-1037.html |website=BDFA.com |publisher=Sur On Line |access-date=18 February 2016}}
  • The sports stadium Hammarby was opened in Stockholm as the home field for the recently formed Hammarby association football team.{{cite web |title=hifhistoria.se - 1915 |url=http://hifhistoria.se/Historia/1915.html |website=hifhistoria.se |access-date=13 October 2014 |language=sv}}
  • Born: Billy Daniels, American jazz singer, best known for the hit "That Ole Black Magic;" as William Boone Daniels, in Jacksonville, Florida, United States (d. 1988){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Fritz Bartholomae, 28, German Olympic bronze medalist in rowing; killed in action in Latvia (b. 1886){{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/37752 |title=Fritz Bartholomae |website=Olympedia |publisher=OlyMADMen |access-date=9 May 2024}}
  • Lyman U. Humphrey, 71, American politician, 11th Governor of Kansas (b. 1844){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 13]], 1915 (Monday)

[[September 14]], 1915 (Tuesday)

[[September 15]], 1915 (Wednesday)

  • British troopship Patagonia was torpedoed and sunk in the Black Sea {{convert|10.5|nmi|km}} off Odessa by German submarine {{SMU|UB-7||6}}, with all crew surviving.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/4691.html |title=Patagonia |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=28 October 2012}}
  • German submarine {{ship|SM|U-6|Germany|6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway by Royal Navy submarine {{HMS|E16}} with the loss of 24 of her 29 crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=6 |title=U 6 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=23 September 2012}}
  • British gunboat HMS Aphis was launched by Ailsa Shipbuilding Company in Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland for service at Port Said in Egypt, but won most its battle honors during World War II.{{Cite web | last = Mason | first = Geoffrey B. | title = HMS Aphis - Insect-class River Gunboat | work = Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2 | year = 2005 | url = http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-23RGB-Aphis.htm | access-date = 14 September 2010 }}
  • The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ruled that persons from the Middle East were racially white and have the right to become naturalized U.S. citizens.{{cite book |author-link=Alixa Naff |last=Naff |first=Alixa |title=Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience |location=Carbondale |publisher= Southern Illinois University Press |year=1985 |page=257}}
  • The Chinese magazine New Youth (also known as La Juenesse) published its first issue in Shanghai. Founded by Chen Duxiu, a leader of the anti-imperial Xinhai Revolution, the magazine would play an important role advocating Western-style democracy pertaining to the New Culture Movement in China during the 1910s and 1920s. Duxiu advertised the new magazine his established political publication The Tiger but later merged the editorials in October.{{cite journal|last1=Feng|first1=Liping|title=Democracy and Elitism: The May Fourth Ideal of Literature|journal=Modern China|date=April 1996|volume=2|issue=22|pages=170–196|publisher=Sage Publications, Inc.|issn=0097-7004|oclc=189342}}
  • The Dutch daily newspaper Het Belgisch Dagblad was published in The Hague as an organ of the Flemish Patriotic League.Lancken Wakenitz, Oscar H. von der, and Michaël Amara. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7vmrkhbq5KsC&pg=PA280 Gouverner en Belgique occupée: Oscar von der Lancken-Wakenitz - rapports d'activité 1915 - 1918]. Bruxelles [u.a.]: Lang, 2004. pp. 280-281
  • The Belgium monarchy created the Queen Elisabeth Medal to recognize exceptional services to Belgium in the relief of the suffering of its citizens during World War I.{{cite web | title = Royal Decree of 15 September 1915 creating the Queen Elisabeth Medal| publisher = Belgian government | date = 1915-09-15 }}
  • Born:
  • Fawn M. Brodie, American academic and writer, author of Joseph Smith biography No Man Knows My History; as Fawn McKay, in Ogden, Utah, United States (d. 1981){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Karam Singh, Indian soldier, recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, the first Sikh to be awarded the military honor; in Barnala, British India (present-day India) (d. 1993){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 16]], 1915 (Thursday)

  • The United States Senate ratified the Haitian–American Convention which allowed United States to provide security and handle finances in Haiti for the next 10 years.{{cite book| first=Ralph |last=Pezzullo| title=Plunging Into Haiti: Clinton, Aristide, and the Defeat of Diplomacy| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex-McfiTKWgC&pg=PA78| access-date=20 April 2013| year=2006| publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-60473-534-5| page=78}}
  • The Fourth State Duma in the Russian Empire was suspended and would not meet again until February 1916.
  • A general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island with the incumbent Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island and Premier John Alexander Mathieson re-elected with 17 seats in the Legislative Assembly, although they lost a number of seats to the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party who gained 13.{{cite web | url=http://www.electionspei.ca/pdfs/ceoreports/results/1915Report.pdf | title=Provincial General Election Results, 1915 | publisher=Elections PEI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233116/http://www.electionspei.ca/pdfs/ceoreports/results/1915Report.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}
  • The first British Women's Institute meeting was held in Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Wales.{{cite web |url=http://www.thewi.org.uk/about-the-wi/history-of-the-wi/the-origins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330221625/https://www.thewi.org.uk/about-the-wi/history-of-the-wi/the-origins |archive-date=2016-03-30 |website=thewi.org.uk |title=The Origins |publisher=The National Federation of Women's Institutes |access-date=12 March 2014}}
  • The Anchorage Woman's Club was established in Anchorage, Alaska.{{cite web |title=History | url=http://gfwcanchoragewomansclub.com/history.html |website=Anchorage Women's Club |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307221541/http://gfwcanchoragewomansclub.com/history.html |archive-date=7 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}
  • The first edition of the UK release of the P. G. Wodehouse novel Something Fresh was published in London by Methuen & Company.{{sfn|McIlvaine|Sherby|Heineman|1990|pp=27–28}}

[[September 17]], 1915 (Friday)

  • The German 1st Army was dissolved but would reform the following summer for the Battle of the Somme.{{cite book | last = Cron | first = Hermann | year = 2002 | title = Imperial German Army 1914–18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937] | publisher = Helion & Co. | page=79 | isbn = 1-874622-70-1}}
  • French Air Force squadron Escadrille 67 was established.{{cite book|last1=Franks|first1=Norman|last2=Bailey|first2=Frank W.|title=Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918|date=1992|publisher=Grub Street|isbn=978-0-948817-54-0|page=95}}
  • The New Zealand Tunnelling Company of the New Zealand Army was established, the first tunnel warfare unit in the Dominion created to serve in World War I.{{cite web| last=Byledbal| first=Anthony| title=New Zealand Tunnelling Company: Chronology| url=http://www.nztunnellers.com/history/chronology.html| access-date=5 July 2015| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706180059/http://www.nztunnellers.com/history/chronology.html| archive-date=6 July 2015}}
  • Born: M. F. Husain, Indian artist, founding member of The Progressive Artists Group of Bombay; as Maqbool Fida Husain, in Pandharpur, British India (present-day India) (d. 2011){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Konstantin Makovsky, 76, Russian painter, member of the Peredvizhniki group; died in a tram accident (b. 1839){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Orme, 26, British racehorse, first two-time winner of the Eclipse Stakes (b. 1889){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 18]], 1915 (Saturday)

[[September 19]], 1915 (Sunday)

[[September 20]], 1915 (Monday)

  • Gallipoli campaign – The Royal Newfoundland Regiment landed at Suvla Bay to provide needed support for Allied forces in Gallipoli.{{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Gerald W. L.|author-link = G. W. L. Nicholson |year=2007|title=The Fighting Newfoundlander|volume=209|series=Carleton Library Series|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-3206-9|pages=155–192}}
  • St. Joseph Junior College opened in St. Joseph, Missouri as the eighth junior college in the United States. The college became Western Missouri Junior College in 1965, and a state college by 1973. In 2005, the institution was officially established as the Missouri Western State University.{{cite web|title=MWSU History|url=https://www.missouriwestern.edu/about/our-history/|website=Missouri Western State University|access-date=15 February 2016|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929160218/https://www.missouriwestern.edu/about/our-history/|url-status=dead}}
  • The Cecil Plains railway line opened between Oakey and Evanslea, Queensland.{{cite news| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182680145| title=Advertising| date=11 September 1915| newspaper=Darling Downs Gazette| issue=((7,704))| location=Queensland, Australia| page=1| via=National Library of Australia| access-date=27 January 2017}}
  • Rail stations Hessay, Newby Wiske, and Smardale were closed in England as part of wartime measures.{{cite web |first=Alan |last=Young |date=21 May 2017 |title=Hessay Station |url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/h/hessay/index.shtml |website=Disused Stations |access-date=15 August 2019}}{{cite web |title=Newby Wiske Station |first=Nick |last=Catford |date=21 May 2019 |url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/n/newby_wiske/index.shtml |website=Disused Stations |access-date=15 August 2019}}{{cite web |title=Smardale Station |first=Nick |last=Catford |date=26 May 2017 |url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/s/smardale/index.shtml |website=Disused Stations |access-date=15 August 2019}}
  • The futsal club Atlântico was established in Erechim, Brazil.{{cite web |title=Historia |url=http://www.atlanticofutsal.com.br/clube/historia/ |website=Atlantico Futsal |access-date=13 September 2019 |language=pt}}
  • The association football club Del Plata was formed in Buenos Aires, named after the marketplace where many of the founders worked at. The club was prominent in the Argentine Primera División during the 1920s but dissolved in 1947. The club was revived in the mid-1960s but closed for good by the 1990s.{{cite web |url=http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_41/ |title=Memoria y Balance 1917 |website=Argentine Football Association Library |url-status=dead}}{{dead link|date=January 2025}}
  • Born: Nguyễn Văn Hinh, Vietnamese army officer, chief of staff of the Vietnamese National Army, first Vietnamese officer to be promoted to commanding officer in the French Armed Forces; in Mỹ Tho, French Indochina (present-day Vietnam) (d. 2004){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 21]], 1915 (Tuesday)

File:Stonehengea117875.jpg marches past Stonehenge as it is being restored.]]

  • British land owner and businessman Cecil Chubb acquired Stonehenge at auction for £6600. He would donate the ancient site and land back to public in 1918.{{cite news| last1=Parkinson| first1=Justin| title=The man who bought Stonehenge - and then gave it away| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34282849| work=BBC News Magazine| date=21 September 2015}}
  • The No. 24 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was established at Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in London.{{cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=J. D. R.|title=History of No. 24 Squadron|journal=Air Pictorial|date=April 1972|volume=34|issue=4|page=144}}
  • The Texas Military College was established in Terrell, Texas, providing schooling for junior, senior and junior college students until its closing in 1949. Its building and land was sold to Southwestern Christian College in 1950.{{cite web|title=TEXAS MILITARY COLLEGE |first=Brian |last=Hart |year=1976|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kbt15|website=TSHA|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=26 February 2016}}
  • The New York City Subway added stations to the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn including 45th Street and 53rd Street.{{cite news|title=Stations of Subway are Now Opened|date=September 22, 1915|work=Home Talk the Item|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49708570/ 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49708833/ 14]|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}
  • Born: Roy D. Chapin Jr., American business executive, chairman and CEO of the American Motors Corporation from 1967 to 1977; in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, United States (d. 2001){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died: Austin Flint II, 79, American physician, known for his research into the function of the liver, son of Austin Flint I (b. 1836){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 22]], 1915 (Wednesday)

[[September 23]], 1915 (Thursday)

  • An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred outside of Asmara, Eritrea but damage to property was minor.{{cite book|last1=Ambraseys|first1=N.|author-link=Nicolas Ambraseys|last2=Melville|first2=C. P.|last3=Adams|first3=R. D.|title=The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-521-39120-7|pages=83, 121}}
  • British cargo ship {{SS|Chancellor|1895|2}} was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean {{convert|86|nmi|km}} southeast of the Fastnet Rock by German submarine {{SMU|U-41|Germany|6}}, but the entire crew survived.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1211.html |title=Chancellor |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=6 October 2012}}
  • The German 11th Army, dissolved only two weeks earlier, was reformed to participate in the Serbian campaign.Cron, 2002 p.81
  • The Collegiate School was established in Richmond, Virginia.{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.collegiate-va.org/our-school/all-about-us/history |website=Collegiate School |access-date=2 September 2019}}
  • Louisville Collegiate School was established in Louisville, Kentucky as a preparatory school for women entering college, and remained a girls-only school until 1972.{{cite web| title=History - Louisville Collegiate School Centennial| url=http://www.loucol.com/Page/Admission/History| website=Louisville Collegiate School|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707134907/http://www.loucol.com/Page/Admission/History |archive-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}
  • Actor Douglas Fairbanks made his leading film debut in the comedy Western film innocently titled The Lamb, directed by Christy Cabanne. Based on the popular 1913 Broadway play The New Henrietta, the drawing room antics of the stage were expanded to include Western genre elements that showcased Fairbanks' physical prowess.{{cite book| last=Basinger| first=Jeanine| title=Silent Stars| year=2000| publisher=Wesleyan University Press| isbn=0-819-56451-6| page=[https://archive.org/details/silentstars00basi/page/104 104]| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/silentstars00basi/page/104}}
  • Born:
  • Clifford Shull, American physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the neutron scattering technique; in Pittsburgh, United States (d. 2001){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • John C. Sheehan, American chemist, developed the process of synthesizing penicillin; in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States (d. 1992){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian fascist leader, member of the Ustashe regime of Yugoslavia during World War II; in Bihać, Austria-Hungary (present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) (executed, 1947){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Hans Larive, Dutch naval officer, escapee from the German POW camp Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, recipient of the Military Order of William, Order of Orange-Nassau, Bronze Cross, and Distinguished Service Cross; as Etienne Henri Larive, in Singapore (d. 1984){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 24]], 1915 (Friday)

[[September 25]], 1915 (Saturday)

File:British infantry advancing at Loos 25 September 1915.jpg, 25 September 1915.}}]]

[[September 26]], 1915 (Sunday)

[[September 27]], 1915 (Monday)

File:BenedettoBrin.jpg.}}]]

  • Italian battleship {{ship|Italian battleship|Benedetto Brin||2}} was sunk at Brindisi, Apulia, Italy due to sabotage by Austro-Hungarian forces with the loss of 387 of her 841 crew.{{cite book |last=Hocking |first=Charles |title=Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During The Age of Steam |publisher=The London Stamp Exchange |location=London |year=1990 |isbn=0-948130-68-7 |page=79}}
  • The British Royal Family lost one of their own during World War I when Fergus Bowes-Lyon, older brother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. was killed during fighting on the Hohenzollern Redoubt.{{cite web |url=http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-people/48-brothers-arms/2604-captain-fergus-bowes-lyon-8th-black-watch.html |title=Captain Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 8th Black Watch |access-date=2016-07-08 |archive-date=2021-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926070342/http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/great-war-people/48-brothers-arms/2604-captain-fergus-bowes-lyon-8th-black-watch.html |url-status=dead }} The same day, author Rudyard Kipling's only son John was killed during the Battle of Loos, just weeks after his 18th birthday.{{cite book |last1=Webb |first1=George |chapter=Foreword |last2=Kipling |first2=Rudyard |title=The Irish Guards in the Great War |volume=2 |publisher=Spellmount |year=1997 |page=9}}
  • British ship HMS Caribbean foundered in the Atlantic Ocean {{convert|35|nmi|km}} off Cape Wrath, Sutherland, Scotland with the loss of 15 of her crew. Survivors were rescued by Royal Navy ship {{HMS|Birkenhead|1915|6}} along with local trawlers.{{cite news |last=Robinson |first=Andrew |date=16 June 2004 |title=Yorkshire diver first to see wreck for nearly 90 years |newspaper=Yorkshire Post |url= http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/around-yorkshire/local-stories/yorkshire-diver-first-to-see-wreck-for-nearly-90-years-1-2545421 |access-date=2007-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121103850/http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/yorkshire-diver-first-to-see-wreck-for-nearly-90-years-1-2545421 |archive-date=21 January 2016}}
  • The High Court of Australia ruled by majority that judicial appointments made by Parliament should be for life.{{cite AustLII|HCA|56|1918|litigants=Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia v J W Alexander Ltd |parallelcite=[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1918/56.pdf (1918) 25 {{abbr|CLR|Commonwealth Law Reports}} 434]}}
  • The Australian period war drama The Loyal Rebel, directed by Alfred Rolfe, was released through Australasian Films. The film, set against the Eureka Rebellion of 1854, is now considered lost.{{cite book |first1=Andrew |last1=Pike |author-link1=Andrew Pike |first2=Ross |last2=Cooper |title=Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production |location=Melbourne |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |page=55}}
  • At 2:20 p.m., a Santa Fe railroad car carrying 250 barrels of natural gasoline exploded at the passenger terminal in Ardmore, Oklahoma, destroying most of downtown Ardmore and killing 43 people, including Patrolman Charles Smith of the Ardmore Police Department.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Burton |first=Laura M. |title=ARDMORE GAS EXPLOSION |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AR009.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630194522/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AR009.html |archive-date=30 June 2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture |access-date=9 October 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.odmp.org/officer/12390-patrolman-charles-smith |title=Patrolman Charles Smith, Ardmore Police Department, Oklahoma |publisher=The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc |access-date=9 October 2021}}
  • Died:
  • Thompson Capper, 51, British army officer, commander of the 7th Infantry Division during World War I, recipient of the Distinguished Service Order, Order of the Bath, and Order of St Michael and St George; died from wounds sustained during the Battle of Loos (b. 1863){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Richard Garnons Williams, 59, Welsh army officer and rugby player, member of the first Welsh national rugby team in 1881, commanding officer of the Royal Fusiliers in 1885 and 1914; killed in action at the Battle of Loos (b. 1856){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Harry Minto, 50, Superintendent of the Oregon State Penitentiary; shot by escaped inmate (b. 1864){{cite web |url=http://egov.oregon.gov/DOC/OPS/PRISON/osp_history5.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514165001/http://egov.oregon.gov/DOC/OPS/PRISON/osp_history5.shtml |archive-date=14 May 2011 |title=The Last Day of Superintendent Minto |website=DOC Operations Institution Division |date=23 February 2007 |publisher=Oregon Department of Corrections |access-date=9 October 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.odmp.org/officer/9412-superintendent-harry-p-minto |title=Superintendent Harry P. Minto, Oregon Department of Corrections, Oregon |publisher=The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc |access-date=9 October 2021}}
  • George Thesiger, 46, British army officer, recipient of the Order of St Michael and St George and the Order of the Bath; killed in action at the Battle of Loos (b. 1868){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[September 28]], 1915 (Tuesday)

[[September 29]], 1915 (Wednesday)

File:1915 Hurricane-CarBarn01.jpg following a hurricane.]]

[[September 30]], 1915 (Thursday)

  • Serbian Army private Radoje Ljutovac became the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft with ground-to-air fire.{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.rs/vesti/3842-prvi-ratni-avion-oboren-u-istoriji-pao-na-kragujevac.html |title=How was the first military airplane shot down |publisher=National Geographic (Serbia) |access-date=5 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301204249/http://www.nationalgeographic.rs/vesti/3842-prvi-ratni-avion-oboren-u-istoriji-pao-na-kragujevac.html |archive-date=1 March 2016 |language=sr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.thefirstworldwar.net/licnosti/ucesnici-ratova/ljutovac-radoje/ |title=Ljutovac, Radoje |publisher=Amanet Society |access-date=5 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071649/http://www.thefirstworldwar.net/licnosti/ucesnici-ratova/ljutovac-radoje/ |archive-date=6 October 2014}}{{cite magazine |url=http://www.pecat.co.rs/2014/09/radoje-raka-ljutovac-prvi-u-svetu-oborio-avion-topom/ |title=Radoje Raka Ljutovac – first person in the world to shoot down an airplane with a cannon |magazine=Pečat |access-date=5 August 2015}}
  • French destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Branlebas||2}} struck a mine and sank in the North Sea between Dunkerque, France, and Nieuwpoort, Belgium.{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyFrench.htm |title=French Navy |publisher=Naval History |access-date=21 February 2013 |date=3 August 2011}}
  • Siege of Mora – Captain Ernst von Raben, commander of German defenses in Mora, Kamerun was wounded by an artillery barrage. His second in command, Lieutenant Siegfried Kallmeyer, took over active command while Raben recovered.Damais 1929{{citation not found|date=January 2025}}
  • Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – After being trapped in ice for close to 10 months, the polar exploration ship Endurance experienced pressure from the surrounding ice in what expedition leader Ernest Shackleton described in his log as "the worst squeeze we had experienced." Within a month, the damage to the hull by the ice would be so great Shackleton would order the ship to be abandoned.{{cite book |author-link=Ernest Shackleton |last=Shackleton |first=Ernest |title=South |title-link=South (book) |publisher=Century Publishing |location=London |year=1983 |isbn=0-7126-0111-2 |pages=65–66}}
  • The University of British Columbia held its first day of lectures at the old campus of McGill University College in Vancouver, after the university postponed plans to build a new campus at Point Grey due to economic turmoil caused in part by World War I. A total 379 students enrolled in the three faculties: Arts, Applied Science and Agriculture.{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the University of British Columbia |url=http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/hist_ubc.html |website=University of British Columbia |publisher=UBC Library |access-date=15 February 2016}}
  • Born: Lester Maddox, American politician, 75th Governor of Georgia; in Atlanta (d. 2003){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
  • Died: Heinrich Schneidereit, German weightlifter, gold and bronze medalist at the 1906 Olympic Games, was killed in action near Thionville, France (b. 1884){{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/79917 |title=Heinrich Schneidereit |website=Olympedia |publisher=OlyMADMen |access-date=9 May 2024}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

1915

*1915-09