List of Muslim states and dynasties

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{{refimprove|date=November 2023}}

{{Tone|date=November 2023}}

{{Original research |date=March 2025}}}}

This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire,{{Cite book |last=Levy-Rubin |first=Milka |title=Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire |date=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1108449618 |location=Cambridge |pages=102–103 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511977435}}{{cite book |last1=Jo Van Steenbergen |title=A History of the Islamic World, 600–1800: Empire, Dynastic Formations, and Heterogeneities in Pre-Modern Islamic West-Asia |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-1000093070 |chapter=2.1}} Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

By land area

class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"

|+

!No

!Dynasty/State

!Land area

!Today part of

!Period

1

|{{flagicon image|Abbasid banner.svg}} Abbasid Caliphate

|11.1m² Km

|•{{flagicon|Iraq}}Iraq
•{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
•{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
•{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
•{{flagcountry|Oman}}
•{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
•{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
•{{flagcountry|UAE}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}
•{{flagcountry|Libya}}
•{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
•{{flagcountry|China}}

|750–1258

1261–1517

2

|{{flagicon image|Umayyad Flag.svg}} Umayyad Caliphate

|11.1m² Km

|•{{flagicon|Iraq}}Iraq
•{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
•{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
•{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
•{{flagcountry|Oman}}
•{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
•{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
•{{flagcountry|UAE}}
•{{flagcountry|France}}
•{{flagcountry|Spain}}
•{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
•{{flagcountry|Morocco}}
•{{flagcountry|Western Sahara}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Libya}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}

|661–750

3

|Rashidun Caliphate

|6.4m² Km

|•{{flagicon|Iraq}}Iraq
•{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
•{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
•{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
•{{flagcountry|Oman}}
•{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
•{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
•{{flagcountry|UAE}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}


•{{flagcountry|Libya}}
•{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}

|632–661

4

|{{flagcountry|Golden Horde}}

|6.0m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
•{{flagcountry|Poland}}
•{{flagcountry|Moldova}}
•{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}

|1313–1502 (Islamic)

5

|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}

|5.2m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Greece}}
•{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Albania}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
•{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
•{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
•{{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
•{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
•{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Libya}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Romania}}
•{{flagcountry|Sudan}}
•{{flagcountry|Somalia}}
•{{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}
•{{flagcountry|Djibouti}}
•{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
•{{flagcountry|Kuwait}}
•{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
•{{flagcountry|Moldova}}
•{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
•{{flagcountry|Poland}}
•{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
•{{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
•{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
•{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
•{{flagcountry|North Macedonia}}
•{{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
•{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}

|1299–1922

6

|{{flagicon image|Timurid.svg}} Timurid empire

|4.4m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
•{{flagcountry|China}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|India}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}

|1370–1507

7

|{{flag country|Fatimid Caliphate}}

|4.1m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Algeria}}
•{{flagcountry|Morocco}}
•{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
•{{flagcountry|Libya}}
•{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
•{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Italy}}
•{{flagcountry|Sudan}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}
•{{flagcountry|Chad}}
•{{flagcountry|Niger}}

|909–1171

8

|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Mughal Empire.png}} Mughal Empire

|4.0m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|India}}
•{{flagcountry|Bangladesh}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Myanmar}}

|1526–1857

|-

|9

|Seljuk Empire

|3.9m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
•{{flagcountry|Oman}}
•{{flagcountry|UAE}}
•{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
•{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
•{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
•{{flagcountry|Israel}}
•{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}

|1037–1194

|-

|10

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ilkhanate.svg}} Ilkhanate

|3.75m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
•{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}

|1295–1335 (Islamic)

|-

|11

| Khwarazmian Empire

|3.6m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|China}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}

| 1077–1231

|-

|12

|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Chagatai Khanate.svg}} Chagatai Khanate

|3.5m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|China}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Mongolia}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}

|1347–1660 (Islamic)

|-

|13

|Ghaznavid Empire

|3.4m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|India}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|China}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}

|977–1186

|-

|14

|{{Flagicon image|Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg}} Delhi Sultanate

|3.2m²km

|•{{flagcountry|India}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Bangladesh}}
•{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}

|1206–1526

|-

|15

|{{Flagicon image|Safavid Flag.svg}} Safavid Empire

|2.9m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Russia}}

•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
•{{flagcountry|Syria}}

|1501–1736

|-

|16

|Samanid Dynasty

|2.85m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}


•{{flagcountry|Iran}}


•{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}


•{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}


•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}

|819–999

|-

|17

|Saffarid Dynasty

|2.85m² Km

|•{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Iran}}
•{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
•{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}

|861–1003

|}

Middle East and North Africa

{{main|MENA}}

=Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)=

=Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf=

{{main|Arab states of the Persian Gulf}}

Saudi Arabia

Bahrain

Qatar

Kuwait

United Arab Emirates

Oman

Yemen

Regional

=North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)=

Algeria

Egypt

Tunisia

Morocco

Libya

Horn of Africa

Somalia

Ethiopia

Eritrea

Djibouti

Persian Plateau

Iran

File:Portrait of Shah Ismail I. Inscribed "Ismael Sophy Rex Pers". Painted by Cristofano dell'Altissimo, dated 1552-1568.jpg

Anatolia (Turkey)

{{main|Anatolian Beyliks}}

Image:Battle of Preveza (1538).jpg

Azerbaijan

Armenia

Georgia

Caucasus

Afghanistan

Indian subcontinent

Image:TajCalligraphy3.jpg]]

Bangladesh

Pakistan

India

Southern Europe

Spain & Portugal

Image:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-54-14.jpg]]

France

Umayyad Caliph of Cordova

Italy

Gibraltar

Sahel and Subsaharan Africa

Sudan, South Sudan

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

Mali

Regional

Cameroon

Burkina Faso

Chad

Central African Republic

Côte d'Ivoire

Ghana

Senegal

Guinea

Togo

Sierra Leone

East Africa ("Swahili Coast")

Tanzania

Kenya

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Malawi

Mozambique

Indian Ocean Region

Maldives

Mayotte

Comoros

Madagascar

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ukraine, Moldova

Romania, Bulgaria

Greece

Albania

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

Central Asia, East Asia

Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan)

Mongolia and China

Southeast Asia

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia

Philippines

File:Moro Sultanates (Philippines).png]]

Thailand

Cambodia, Vietnam

Myanmar

  • Kingdom of Mrauk U (1429–1785){{cite book|last=Yegar|first=Moshe|title=Between integration and secession: The Muslim communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma / Myanmar|year=2002|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=0739103563|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA23|access-date=8 July 2012|page=23}}

See also

References