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List of Nobel laureates#50 year secrecy rule

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File:Nobel Prize.png receive a gold medal together with a diploma and (as of 2023) 11 million SEK (roughly US$1.0 million, €0.95 million).]]

File:Nobel Prize winners 2012.jpg, Brian Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz, David J. Wineland, and Serge Haroche – during the ceremony]]

The Nobel Prizes ({{langx|sv|Nobelpriset}}, {{langx|no|Nobelprisen}}) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.{{cite web | title = Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/ | access-date = 2008-11-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025001741/http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/ | archive-date = 2007-10-25 | url-status = live}} They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. An additional prize in memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) for outstanding contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, a Nobelist or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/|title=The Nobel Prize|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015012957/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/|archive-date=2008-10-15|url-status=live}}

Prize

Different organisations are responsible for awarding the individual prizes; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics; the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature; the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize Awarders |publisher=Nobel Foundation |url=http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/ |access-date=2008-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015013145/http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/ |archive-date=2008-10-15}} Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, equivalent to {{Format price|{{Inflation|SE|150782|1901}}}} SEK in {{Inflation-year|SE}}. In 2017, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 9 million SEK.{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Amounts | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_18.pdf | access-date = 2018-06-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180615112534/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_18.pdf | archive-date = 2018-06-15 | url-status = dead}} The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/|access-date=2008-11-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080822184717/http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/ |archive-date = 2008-08-22}}

In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize.{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/1942.html |title=List of All Nobel Laureates 1942 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=2008-11-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208204301/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/1942.html |archive-date=2008-12-08}} The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/lundestad-review/index.html|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000|publisher=Nobel Foundation|author=Lundestad, Geir|date=2001-03-15|access-date=2008-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219224814/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/lundestad-review/index.html|archive-date=2008-12-19|url-status=live}}

Laureates

Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 892 individuals (including 844 men, 48 women) and 24 organizations.{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/index.html|title=All Nobel Prizes|website=www.nobelprize.org|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406045423/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/index.html|archive-date=6 April 2018|url-status=live}} Six Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade four Germans, Richard Kuhn (Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939) and Carl von Ossietzky (Peace, 1936) from accepting their Nobel Prizes. The Chinese government forbade Liu Xiaobo from accepting his Nobel Prize (Peace, 2010){{Cite web|title=Norwegian Nobel Committee mourns Liu Xiaobo, statement by Chair Berit Reiss-Andersen|url=https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Press/Press-Releases2/Norwegian-Nobel-Committee-mourns-Liu-Xiaobo-statement-by-Chair-Berit-Reiss-Andersen|access-date=2020-10-08|website=The Nobel Peace Prize|language=en-GB|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420092045/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Press/Press-Releases2/Norwegian-Nobel-Committee-mourns-Liu-Xiaobo-statement-by-Chair-Berit-Reiss-Andersen|url-status=dead}} and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Liu Xiaobo, Carl von Ossietzky and Aung San Suu Kyi were all awarded their Nobel Prize while in prison or detention.{{Cite web|date=2010-12-21|title=Liu Xiaobo Isn't the First Nobel Laureate Barred From Accepting His Prize|url=http://www.aolnews.com/2010/11/18/liu-xiaobo-isnt-the-first-nobel-laureate-barred-from-accepting/|access-date=2020-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221234853/http://www.aolnews.com/2010/11/18/liu-xiaobo-isnt-the-first-nobel-laureate-barred-from-accepting/|archive-date=2010-12-21}} Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and Lê Ðức Thọ (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Thọ declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.

Seven laureates have received more than one prize; of the seven, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other.{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/|title=Nobel Prize Facts|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2015-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708135926/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/|archive-date=2017-07-08|url-status=live}} UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, as was the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger and Karl Barry Sharpless. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903.{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html|title=Women Nobel Laureates|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928215436/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html|archive-date=2008-09-28|url-status=live}} She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.

List of laureates

{{Table TOC|1901|1910|1920|1930|1940|1950|1960|1970|1980|1990|2000|2010|2020}}

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"

|+{{sronly|list of laureates}}

!scope=col width=6%|Year

!scope=col width=17%|Physics

!scope=col width=17%|Chemistry

!scope=col width=17%|Physiology
or Medicine

!scope=col width=13%|Literature

!scope=col width=14%|Peace

!scope=col width=14%|Prize in Economic Sciences
{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/economic-sciences/|title=Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences|date=4 July 2018 |publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510012450/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/economic-sciences/|url-status=live}}{{Efn|The prize was established in 1968.}}

id="1901"

!scope=row align=center| 1901

|{{sortname|Wilhelm|Röntgen}}

|{{sortname|Jacobus Henricus|van 't Hoff}}

|{{sortname|Emil|von Behring}}

|{{sortname|Sully|Prudhomme}}

|{{sortname|Henry|Dunant}};
{{sortname|Frédéric|Passy}}

| rowspan="68" align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee" | —

scope=row align=center| 1902

|{{sortname|Hendrik|Lorentz}};
{{sortname|Pieter|Zeeman}}

|{{sortname|Emil|Fischer}}

|{{sortname|Ronald|Ross}}

|{{sortname|Theodor|Mommsen}}

|{{sortname|Élie|Ducommun}};
{{sortname|Charles Albert|Gobat}}

scope=row align=center| 1903

|{{sortname|Henri|Becquerel}};
{{sortname|Pierre|Curie}};
{{sortname|Marie|Curie}}

|{{sortname|Svante|Arrhenius}}

|{{sortname|Niels Ryberg|Finsen}}

|{{sortname|Bjørnstjerne|Bjørnson}}

|{{sortname|Randal|Cremer}}

scope=row align=center| 1904

|{{sortname|Lord|Rayleigh|John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh}}

|{{sortname|William|Ramsay}}

|{{sortname|Ivan|Pavlov}}

|{{sortname|Frédéric|Mistral}};
{{sortname|José|Echegaray}}

|Institut de Droit International

scope=row align=center| 1905

|{{sortname|Philipp|Lenard}}

|{{sortname|Adolf von|Baeyer}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Koch}}

|{{sortname|Henryk|Sienkiewicz}}

|{{sortname|Bertha von|Suttner}}

scope=row align=center| 1906

|{{sortname|J. J.|Thomson}}

|{{sortname|Henri|Moissan}}

|{{sortname|Camillo|Golgi}};
{{sortname|Santiago|Ramón y Cajal}}

|{{sortname|Giosuè|Carducci}}

|{{sortname|Theodore|Roosevelt}}

scope=row align=center| 1907

|{{sortname|Albert A.|Michelson}}

|{{sortname|Eduard|Buchner}}

|{{sortname|Charles Louis Alphonse|Laveran}}

|{{sortname|Rudyard|Kipling}}

|{{sortname|Ernesto Teodoro|Moneta}};
{{sortname|Louis|Renault|dab=jurist}}

scope=row align=center| 1908

|{{sortname|Gabriel|Lippmann}}

|{{sortname|Ernest|Rutherford}}

|{{sortname|Élie|Metchnikoff}};
{{sortname|Paul|Ehrlich}}

|{{sortname|Rudolf Christoph|Eucken}}

|{{sortname|Klas Pontus|Arnoldson}};
{{sortname|Fredrik|Bajer}}

scope=row align=center| 1909

|{{sortname|Karl Ferdinand|Braun}};
{{sortname|Guglielmo|Marconi}}

|{{sortname|Wilhelm|Ostwald}}

|{{sortname|Emil Theodor|Kocher}}

|{{sortname|Selma|Lagerlöf}}

|{{sortname|Auguste|Beernaert}};
{{sort|Estournelles de Constant, Paul Henri Balluet d'|Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant}}

id="1910"

!scope=row align=center| 1910

|{{sortname|Johannes Diderik|van der Waals}}

|{{sortname|Otto|Wallach}}

|{{sortname|Albrecht|Kossel}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Heyse}}

|International Peace Bureau

scope=row align=center| 1911

|{{sortname|Wilhelm|Wien}}

|{{sortname|Marie|Curie}}

|{{sortname|Allvar|Gullstrand}}

|{{sortname|Maurice|Maeterlinck}}

|{{sortname|Tobias|Asser}};
{{sortname|Alfred Hermann|Fried}}

scope=row align=center| 1912

|{{sortname|Gustaf|Dalén}}

|{{sortname|Victor|Grignard}};
{{sortname|Paul|Sabatier|dab=chemist}}

|{{sortname|Alexis|Carrel}}

|{{sortname|Gerhart|Hauptmann}}

|{{sortname|Elihu|Root}}

scope=row align=center| 1913

|{{sortname|Heike|Kamerlingh Onnes}}

|{{sortname|Alfred|Werner}}

|{{sortname|Charles|Richet}}

|{{sortname|Rabindranath|Tagore}}

|{{sortname|Henri|La Fontaine}}

scope=row align=center| 1914

|{{sortname|Max|von Laue}}

|{{sortname|Theodore William|Richards}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Bárány}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1915

|{{sortname|William Henry|Bragg}};
{{sortname|Lawrence|Bragg}}

|{{sortname|Richard|Willstätter}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Romain|Rolland}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1916

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Verner|von Heidenstam}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1917

|{{sortname|Charles Glover|Barkla}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Karl Adolph|Gjellerup}};
{{sortname|Henrik|Pontoppidan}}

| International Committee of the Red Cross

scope=row align=center| 1918

|{{sortname|Max|Planck}}

|{{sortname|Fritz|Haber}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1919

|{{sortname|Johannes|Stark}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Jules|Bordet}}

|{{sortname|Carl|Spitteler}}

|{{sortname|Woodrow|Wilson}}

id="1920"

!scope=row align=center| 1920

|{{sortname|Charles Édouard|Guillaume}}

|{{sortname|Walther|Nernst}}

|{{sortname|August|Krogh}}

|{{sortname|Knut|Hamsun}}

|{{sortname|Léon|Bourgeois}}

scope=row align=center| 1921

|{{sortname|Albert|Einstein}}

|{{sortname|Frederick|Soddy}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Anatole|France}}

|{{sortname|Hjalmar|Branting}};
{{sortname|Christian Lous|Lange}}

scope=row align=center| 1922

|{{sortname|Niels|Bohr}}

|{{sortname|Francis William|Aston}}

|{{sortname|Archibald|Hill}};
{{sortname|Otto Fritz|Meyerhof}}

|{{sortname|Jacinto|Benavente}}

|{{sortname|Fridtjof|Nansen}}

scope=row align=center| 1923

|{{sortname|Robert Andrews|Millikan}}

|{{sortname|Fritz|Pregl}}

|{{sortname|Frederick|Banting}};
{{sortname|John|Macleod|dab=physiologist}}

|{{sortname|W. B.|Yeats}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1924

|{{sortname|Manne|Siegbahn}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Willem|Einthoven}}

|{{sortname|Władysław|Reymont}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1925

|{{sortname|James|Franck}};
{{sortname|Gustav Ludwig|Hertz}}

|{{sortname|Richard Adolf|Zsigmondy}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|George Bernard|Shaw}}

|{{sortname|Austen|Chamberlain}};
{{sortname|Charles G.|Dawes}}

scope=row align=center| 1926

|{{sortname|Jean Baptiste|Perrin}}

|{{sortname|Theodor|Svedberg}}

|{{sortname|Johannes|Fibiger}}

|{{sortname|Grazia|Deledda}}

|{{sortname|Aristide|Briand}};
{{sortname|Gustav|Stresemann}}

scope=row align=center| 1927

|{{sortname|Arthur|Compton}};
{{sortname|Charles Thomson Rees|Wilson}}

|{{sortname|Heinrich Otto|Wieland}}

|{{sortname|Julius|Wagner-Jauregg}}

|{{sortname|Henri|Bergson}}

|{{sortname|Ferdinand|Buisson}};
{{sortname|Ludwig|Quidde}}

scope=row align=center| 1928

|{{sortname|Owen Willans|Richardson}}

|{{sortname|Adolf|Windaus}}

|{{sortname|Charles|Nicolle}}

|{{sortname|Sigrid|Undset}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1929

|{{sortname|Louis|de Broglie}}

|{{sortname|Arthur|Harden}};
{{sortname|Hans|von Euler-Chelpin}}

|{{sortname|Christiaan|Eijkman}};
{{sortname|Frederick Gowland|Hopkins}}

|{{sortname|Thomas|Mann}}

|{{sortname|Frank B.|Kellogg}}

id="1930"

!scope=row align=center| 1930

|{{sortname|C. V.|Raman}}

|{{sortname|Hans|Fischer}}

|{{sortname|Karl|Landsteiner}}

|{{sortname|Sinclair|Lewis}}

|{{sortname|Nathan|Söderblom}}

scope=row align=center| 1931

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Carl|Bosch}};
{{sortname|Friedrich|Bergius}}

|{{sortname|Otto Heinrich|Warburg}}

|{{sortname|Erik Axel|Karlfeldt}}

|{{sortname|Jane|Addams}};
{{sortname|Nicholas Murray|Butler}}

scope=row align=center| 1932

|{{sortname|Werner|Heisenberg}}

|{{sortname|Irving|Langmuir}}

|{{sortname|Charles Scott|Sherrington}};
{{sortname|Edgar|Adrian}}

|{{sortname|John|Galsworthy}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1933

|{{sortname|Erwin|Schrödinger}};
{{sortname|Paul|Dirac}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Thomas Hunt|Morgan}}

|{{sortname|Ivan|Bunin}}

|{{sortname|Norman|Angell}}

scope=row align=center| 1934

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Harold|Urey}}

|{{sortname|George|Whipple}};
{{sortname|George|Minot}};
{{sortname|William P.|Murphy}}

|{{sortname|Luigi|Pirandello}}

|{{sortname|Arthur|Henderson}}

scope=row align=center| 1935

|{{sortname|James|Chadwick}}

|{{sortname|Frédéric|Joliot-Curie}};
{{sortname|Irène|Joliot-Curie}}

|{{sortname|Hans|Spemann}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|Carl|von Ossietzky}}

scope=row align=center| 1936

|{{sortname|Victor Francis|Hess}};
{{sortname|Carl David|Anderson}}

|{{sortname|Peter|Debye}}

|{{sortname|Henry Hallett|Dale}};
{{sortname|Otto|Loewi}}

|{{sortname|Eugene|O'Neill}}

|{{sortname|Carlos Saavedra|Lamas}}

scope=row align=center| 1937

|{{sortname|Clinton|Davisson}};
{{sortname|George Paget|Thomson}}

|{{sortname|Norman|Haworth}};
{{sortname|Paul|Karrer}}

|{{sortname|Albert|Szent-Györgyi}}

|{{sortname|Roger|Martin du Gard}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood}}

scope=row align=center| 1938

|{{sortname|Enrico|Fermi}}

|{{sortname|Richard|Kuhn}}{{efn|name=A| In 1938 and 1939, the government of Germany did not allow three German Nobel nominees to accept their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1938; Adolf Butenandt, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1939; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money.}}

|{{sortname|Corneille|Heymans}}

|{{sortname|Pearl S.|Buck}}

|Nansen International Office for Refugees

scope=row align=center| 1939

|{{sortname|Ernest|Lawrence}}

|{{sortname|Adolf|Butenandt}};{{efn|name=A}}
{{sortname|Leopold|Ružička}}

|{{sortname|Gerhard|Domagk}}{{efn|name=A}}

|{{sortname|Frans Eemil|Sillanpää}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

id="1940"

!scope=row align=center| 1940

| colspan="5" rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee" |Cancelled due to World War II

scope=row align=center| 1941
scope=row align=center| 1942
scope=row align=center| 1943

|{{sortname|Otto|Stern}}

|{{sortname|George|de Hevesy}}

|{{sortname|Henrik|Dam}};
{{sortname|Edward Adelbert|Doisy}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1944

|{{sortname|Isidor Isaac|Rabi}}

|{{sortname|Otto|Hahn}}

|{{sortname|Joseph|Erlanger}};
{{sortname|Herbert Spencer|Gasser}}

|{{sortname|Johannes V.|Jensen}}

|International Committee of the Red Cross

scope=row align=center| 1945

|{{sortname|Wolfgang|Pauli}}

|{{sortname|Artturi Ilmari|Virtanen}}

|{{sortname|Alexander|Fleming}};
{{sortname|Ernst|Chain}};
{{sortname|Howard|Florey}}

|{{sortname|Gabriela|Mistral}}

|{{sortname|Cordell|Hull}}

scope=row align=center| 1946

|{{sortname|Percy Williams|Bridgman}}

|{{sortname|James B.|Sumner}};
{{sortname|John Howard|Northrop}};
{{sortname|Wendell Meredith|Stanley}}

|{{sortname|Hermann Joseph|Muller}}

|{{sortname|Hermann|Hesse}}

|{{sortname|Emily Greene|Balch}};
{{sortname|John|Mott}}

scope=row align=center| 1947

|{{sortname|Edward Victor|Appleton}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Robinson|dab=organic chemist}}

|{{sortname|Carl Ferdinand|Cori}};
{{sortname|Gerty|Cori}};
{{sortname|Bernardo|Houssay}}

|{{sortname|André|Gide}}

|Friends Service Council;
American Friends Service Committee

scope=row align=center| 1948

|{{sortname|Patrick|Blackett}}

|{{sortname|Arne|Tiselius}}

|{{sortname|Paul Hermann|Müller}}

|{{sortname|T. S.|Eliot}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None{{efn|name=B|

In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation's website suggests that it would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. However, due to his assassination earlier that year, it was left unassigned in his honor.{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html |title=Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates |first=Øyvind |last=Tønnesson |date=December 1, 1999 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |quote=Later, there have been speculations that the committee members could have had another deceased peace worker than Gandhi in mind when they declared that there was "no suitable living candidate", namely the Swedish UN envoy to Palestine, Count Bernadotte, who was murdered in September 1948. Today, this can be ruled out; Bernadotte had not been nominated in 1948. Thus it seems reasonable to assume that Gandhi would have been invited to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize had he been alive one more year. |access-date=January 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109111533/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html |archive-date=January 9, 2010 |url-status=live}}}}

scope=row align=center| 1949

|{{sortname|Hideki|Yukawa}}

|{{sortname|William|Giauque}}

|{{sortname|Walter Rudolf|Hess}};
{{sortname|António Egas|Moniz}}

|{{sortname|William|Faulkner}}

|{{sortname|John|Boyd Orr}}

id="1950"

!scope=row align=center| 1950

|{{sortname|C. F.|Powell}}

|{{sortname|Otto|Diels}};
{{sortname|Kurt|Alder}}

|{{sortname|Philip Showalter|Hench}};
{{sortname|Edward Calvin|Kendall}};
{{sortname|Tadeus|Reichstein}}

|{{sortname|Bertrand|Russell|Bertrand Russell}}

|{{sortname|Ralph|Bunche}}

scope=row align=center| 1951

|{{sortname|John|Cockcroft}};
{{sortname|Ernest|Walton}}

|{{sortname|Edwin|McMillan}};
{{sortname|Glenn T.|Seaborg}}

|{{sortname|Max|Theiler}}

|{{sortname|Pär|Lagerkvist}}

|{{sortname|Léon|Jouhaux}}

scope=row align=center| 1952

|{{sortname|Felix|Bloch}};
{{sortname|Edward Mills|Purcell}}

|{{sortname|Archer|Martin}};
{{sortname|Richard Laurence Millington|Synge}}

|{{sortname|Selman|Waksman}}

|{{sortname|François|Mauriac}}

|{{sortname|Albert|Schweitzer}}

scope=row align=center| 1953

|{{sortname|Frits|Zernike}}

|{{sortname|Hermann|Staudinger}}

|{{sortname|Hans Adolf|Krebs}};
{{sortname|Fritz Albert|Lipmann}}

|{{sortname|Winston|Churchill}}

|{{sortname|George|Marshall}}

scope=row align=center| 1954

|{{sortname|Max|Born}};
{{sortname|Walther|Bothe}}

|{{sortname|Linus|Pauling}}

|{{sortname|John Franklin|Enders}};
{{sortname|Frederick Chapman|Robbins}};
{{sortname|Thomas Huckle|Weller}}

|{{sortname|Ernest|Hemingway}}

|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

scope=row align=center| 1955

|{{sortname|Willis|Lamb}};
{{sortname|Polykarp|Kusch}}

|{{sortname|Vincent|du Vigneaud}}

|{{sortname|Hugo|Theorell}}

|{{sortname|Halldór|Laxness}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1956

|{{sortname|John|Bardeen}};
{{sortname|Walter Houser|Brattain}};
{{sortname|William|Shockley}}

|{{sortname|Cyril Norman|Hinshelwood}};
{{sortname|Nikolay|Semyonov}}

|{{sortname|André Frédéric|Cournand}};
{{sortname|Werner|Forssmann}};
{{sortname|Dickinson W.|Richards}}

|{{sortname|Juan Ramón|Jiménez}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1957

|Yang Chen-Ning;
{{sortname|Tsung-Dao|Lee}}

|{{sort|Todd, Alexander R.|The Lord Todd}}

|{{sortname|Daniel|Bovet}}

|{{sortname|Albert|Camus}}

|{{sortname|Lester B.|Pearson}}

scope=row align=center| 1958

|{{sortname|Pavel|Cherenkov}};
{{sortname|Ilya|Frank}};
{{sortname|Igor|Tamm}}

|{{sortname|Frederick|Sanger}}

|{{sortname|George|Beadle}};
{{sortname|Edward|Tatum}};
{{sortname|Joshua|Lederberg}}

|{{sortname|Boris|Pasternak}}{{efn|name=C|In 1958, Russian-born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature.}}

| {{sortname|Dominique|Pire}}

scope=row align=center| 1959

|{{sortname|Emilio|Segrè}};
{{sortname|Owen|Chamberlain}}

|{{sortname|Jaroslav|Heyrovský}}

|{{sortname|Arthur|Kornberg}};
{{sortname|Severo|Ochoa}}

|{{sortname|Salvatore|Quasimodo}}

|{{sortname|Philip|Noel-Baker}}

id="1960"

!scope=row align=center| 1960

|{{sortname|Donald A.|Glaser}}

|{{sortname|Willard|Libby}}

|{{sortname|Macfarlane|Burnet}};
{{sortname|Peter|Medawar}}

|{{sortname|Saint-John|Perse}}

|{{sortname|Albert|Lutuli}}

scope=row align=center| 1961

|{{sortname|Robert|Hofstadter}};
{{sortname|Rudolf|Mössbauer}}

|{{sortname|Melvin|Calvin}}

|{{sortname|Georg|von Békésy}}

|{{sortname|Ivo|Andrić}}

|{{sortname|Dag|Hammarskjöld}}

scope=row align=center| 1962

|{{sortname|Lev|Landau}}

|{{sortname|Max|Perutz}};
{{sortname|John|Kendrew}}

|{{sortname|Francis|Crick}};
{{sortname|James|Watson}};
{{sortname|Maurice|Wilkins}}

|{{sortname|John|Steinbeck}}

|{{sortname|Linus|Pauling}}

scope=row align=center| 1963

|{{sortname|Eugene|Wigner}};
{{sortname|Maria|Goeppert Mayer}};
{{sortname|J. Hans D.|Jensen}}

|{{sortname|Karl|Ziegler}};
{{sortname|Giulio|Natta}}

|{{sortname|John|Eccles|dab=neurophysiologist}};
{{sortname|Alan|Hodgkin}};
{{sortname|Andrew|Huxley}}

|{{sortname|Giorgos|Seferis}}

|International Committee of the Red Cross;
League of Red Cross societies

scope=row align=center| 1964

|{{sortname|Charles H.|Townes}};
{{sortname|Nikolay|Basov}};
{{sortname|Alexander|Prokhorov}}

|{{sortname|Dorothy|Hodgkin}}

|{{sortname|Konrad Emil|Bloch}};
{{sortname|Feodor|Lynen}}

|{{sortname|Jean-Paul|Sartre}}{{efn|name=D|In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.}}

|{{sortname|Martin Luther|King Jr.}}

scope=row align=center| 1965

|{{sortname|Shin'ichirō|Tomonaga}};
{{sortname|Julian|Schwinger}};
{{sortname|Richard|Feynman}}

|{{sortname|Robert Burns|Woodward}}

|{{sortname|François|Jacob}};
{{sortname|André Michel|Lwoff}};
{{sortname|Jacques|Monod}}

|{{sortname|Mikhail|Sholokhov}}

|United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

scope=row align=center| 1966

|{{sortname|Alfred|Kastler}}

|{{sortname|Robert S.|Mulliken}}

|{{sortname|Francis Peyton|Rous}};
{{sortname|Charles Brenton|Huggins}}

| {{sortname|Shmuel Yosef|Agnon}};
{{sortname|Nelly|Sachs}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1967

|{{sortname|Hans|Bethe}}

|{{sortname|Manfred|Eigen}};
{{sortname|Ronald George Wreyford|Norrish}};
{{sortname|George|Porter}}

|{{sortname|Ragnar|Granit}};
{{sortname|Haldan Keffer|Hartline}};
{{sortname|George|Wald}}

|{{sortname|Miguel Ángel|Asturias}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

scope=row align=center| 1968

|{{sortname|Luis Walter|Alvarez}}

|{{sortname|Lars|Onsager}}

|{{sortname|Robert W.|Holley}};
{{sortname|Har Gobind|Khorana}};
{{sortname|Marshall Warren|Nirenberg}}

|{{sortname|Yasunari|Kawabata}}

|{{sortname|René|Cassin}}

scope=row align=center| 1969

|{{sortname|Murray|Gell-Mann}}

|{{sortname|Derek|Barton}};
{{sortname|Odd|Hassel}}

|{{sortname|Max|Delbrück}};
{{sortname|Alfred|Hershey}};
{{sortname|Salvador|Luria}}

|{{sortname|Samuel|Beckett}}

|International Labour Organization

|{{sortname|Ragnar|Frisch}};
{{sortname|Jan|Tinbergen}}

id="1970"

!scope=row align=center| 1970

|{{sortname|Hannes|Alfvén}};
{{sortname|Louis|Néel}}

|{{sortname|Luis Federico|Leloir}}

|{{sortname|Julius|Axelrod}};
{{sortname|Ulf|von Euler}};
{{sortname|Bernard|Katz}}

|{{sortname|Aleksandr|Solzhenitsyn}}

|{{sortname|Norman|Borlaug}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Samuelson}}

scope=row align=center| 1971

|{{sortname|Dennis|Gabor}}

|{{sortname|Gerhard|Herzberg}}

|{{sortname|Earl Wilbur|Sutherland Jr.}}

|{{sortname|Pablo|Neruda}}

|{{sortname|Willy|Brandt}}

|{{sortname|Simon|Kuznets}}

scope=row align=center| 1972

|{{sortname|John|Bardeen}};
{{sortname|Leon|Cooper}};
{{sortname|John Robert|Schrieffer}}

|{{sortname|Christian B.|Anfinsen}};
{{sortname|Stanford|Moore}};
{{sortname|William Howard|Stein}}

|{{sortname|Gerald|Edelman}};
{{sortname|Rodney Robert|Porter}}

|{{sortname|Heinrich|Böll}}

|align=center bgcolor="eeeeee" | None

|{{sortname|John|Hicks}};
{{sortname|Kenneth|Arrow}}

scope=row align=center| 1973

|{{sortname|Leo|Esaki}};
{{sortname|Ivar|Giaever}};
{{sortname|Brian|Josephson}}

|{{sortname|Ernst Otto|Fischer}};
{{sortname|Geoffrey|Wilkinson}}

|{{sortname|Karl|von Frisch}};
{{sortname|Konrad|Lorenz}};
{{sortname|Nikolaas|Tinbergen}}

|{{sortname|Patrick|White}}

|{{sortname|Henry|Kissinger}};
Lê Đức Thọ{{efn|name=E|In 1973, Lê Đức Thọ declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it because although he helped negotiate the Paris Peace Accords (a cease-fire in the Vietnam War), there had been no actual peace agreement.}}

|{{sortname|Wassily|Leontief}}

scope=row align=center| 1974

|{{sortname|Martin|Ryle}};
{{sortname|Antony|Hewish}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Flory}}

|{{sortname|Albert|Claude}};
{{sortname|Christian|de Duve}};
{{sortname|George Emil|Palade}}

|{{sortname|Eyvind|Johnson}};
{{sortname|Harry|Martinson}}

|{{sortname|Seán|MacBride}};
{{sortname|Eisaku|Satō}}

|{{sortname|Gunnar|Myrdal}};
{{sortname|Friedrich|Hayek}}

scope=row align=center| 1975

|{{sortname|Aage|Bohr}};
{{sortname|Ben|Roy Mottelson}};
{{sortname|James|Rainwater}}

|{{sortname|John|Cornforth}};
{{sortname|Vladimir|Prelog}}

|{{sortname|David|Baltimore}};
{{sortname|Renato|Dulbecco}};
{{sortname|Howard Martin|Temin}}

|{{sortname|Eugenio|Montale}}

|{{sortname|Andrei|Sakharov}}

|{{sortname|Leonid|Kantorovich}};
{{sortname|Tjalling|Koopmans}}

scope=row align=center| 1976

|{{sortname|Burton|Richter}};
{{sortname|Samuel C. C.|Ting}}

|{{sortname|William|Lipscomb}}

|{{sortname|Baruch Samuel|Blumberg}};
{{sortname|Daniel Carleton|Gajdusek}}

|{{sortname|Saul|Bellow}}

|{{sortname|Betty|Williams|dab=peace activist}};
{{sortname|Mairead|Maguire}}

|{{sortname|Milton|Friedman}}

scope=row align=center| 1977

|{{sortname|Philip W.|Anderson}};
{{sortname|Nevill Francis|Mott}};
{{sortname|John Hasbrouck|Van Vleck}}

|{{sortname|Ilya|Prigogine}}

|{{sortname|Roger|Guillemin}};
{{sortname|Andrew|Schally}};
{{sortname|Rosalyn Sussman|Yalow}}

|{{sortname|Vicente|Aleixandre}}

|Amnesty International

|{{sortname|Bertil|Ohlin}};
{{sortname|James|Meade}}

scope=row align=center| 1978

|{{sortname|Pyotr|Kapitsa}};
{{sortname|Arno Allan|Penzias}};
{{sortname|Robert Woodrow|Wilson}}

|{{sortname|Peter D.|Mitchell}}

|{{sortname|Werner|Arber}};
{{sortname|Daniel|Nathans}};
{{sortname|Hamilton O.|Smith}}

|{{sortname|Isaac Bashevis|Singer}}

|{{sortname|Anwar|Sadat}};
{{sortname|Menachem|Begin}}

|{{sortname|Herbert A.|Simon}}

scope=row align=center| 1979

|{{sortname|Sheldon|Glashow}};
{{sortname|Abdus|Salam}};
{{sortname|Steven|Weinberg}}

|{{sortname|Herbert C.|Brown}};
{{sortname|Georg|Wittig}}

|{{sortname|Allan McLeod|Cormack}};
{{sortname|Godfrey|Hounsfield}}

|{{sortname|Odysseas|Elytis}}

|{{sortname|Mother|Teresa}}

|{{sortname|Theodore|Schultz}};
{{sortname|W. Arthur|Lewis}}

id="1980"

!scope=row align=center| 1980

|{{sortname|James|Cronin}};
{{sortname|Val Logsdon|Fitch}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Berg}};
{{sortname|Walter|Gilbert}};
{{sortname|Frederick|Sanger}}

|{{sortname|Baruj|Benacerraf}};
{{sortname|Jean|Dausset}};
{{sortname|George Davis|Snell}}

|{{sortname|Czesław|Miłosz}}

|{{sortname|Adolfo Pérez|Esquivel}}

|{{sortname|Lawrence|Klein}}

scope=row align=center| 1981

|{{sortname|Nicolaas|Bloembergen}};
{{sortname|Arthur Leonard|Schawlow}};
{{sortname|Kai|Siegbahn}}

|{{sortname|Kenichi|Fukui}};
{{sortname|Roald|Hoffmann}}

|{{sortname|Roger Wolcott|Sperry}};
{{sortname|David H.|Hubel}};
{{sortname|Torsten|Wiesel}}

|{{sortname|Elias|Canetti}}

|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

|{{sortname|James|Tobin}}

scope=row align=center| 1982

|{{sortname|Kenneth G.|Wilson}}

|{{sortname|Aaron|Klug}}

|{{sortname|Sune|Bergström}};
{{sortname|Bengt I.|Samuelsson}};
{{sortname|John|Vane}}

|{{sortname|Gabriel García|Márquez}}

|{{sortname|Alva|Myrdal}};
{{sortname|Alfonso García|Robles}}

|{{sortname|George|Stigler}}

scope=row align=center| 1983

|{{sortname|Subrahmanyan|Chandrasekhar}};
{{sortname|William Alfred|Fowler}}

|{{sortname|Henry|Taube}}

|{{sortname|Barbara|McClintock}}

|{{sortname|William|Golding}}

|{{sortname|Lech|Wałęsa}}

|{{sortname|Gérard|Debreu}}

scope=row align=center| 1984

|{{sortname|Carlo|Rubbia}};
{{sortname|Simon|van der Meer}}

|{{sortname|Robert Bruce|Merrifield}}

|{{sortname|Niels Kaj|Jerne}};
{{sortname|Georges J. F.|Köhler}};
{{sortname|César|Milstein}}

|{{sortname|Jaroslav|Seifert}}

|{{sortname|Desmond|Tutu}}

|{{sortname|Richard|Stone}}

scope=row align=center| 1985

|{{sortname|Klaus|von Klitzing}}

|{{sortname|Herbert A.|Hauptman}};
{{sortname|Jerome|Karle}}

|{{sortname|Michael Stuart|Brown}};
{{sortname|Joseph L.|Goldstein}}

|{{sortname|Claude|Simon}}

|International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

|{{sortname|Franco|Modigliani}}

scope=row align=center| 1986

|{{sortname|Ernst|Ruska}};
{{sortname|Gerd|Binnig}};
{{sortname|Heinrich|Rohrer}}

|{{sortname|Dudley R.|Herschbach}};
{{sortname|Yuan T.|Lee}};
{{sortname|John|Polanyi}}

|{{sortname|Stanley|Cohen|dab=biochemist}};
{{sortname|Rita|Levi-Montalcini}}

|{{sortname|Wole|Soyinka}}

|{{sortname|Elie|Wiesel}}

|{{sortname|James M.|Buchanan}}

scope=row align=center| 1987

|{{sortname|Georg|Bednorz}};
{{sortname|K. Alex|Müller}}

|{{sortname|Donald J.|Cram}};
{{sortname|Jean-Marie|Lehn}};
{{sortname|Charles J.|Pedersen}}

|{{sortname|Susumu|Tonegawa}}

|{{sortname|Joseph|Brodsky}}

|{{sortname|Óscar|Arias}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Solow}}

scope=row align=center| 1988

|{{sortname|Leon M.|Lederman}};
{{sortname|Melvin|Schwartz}};
{{sortname|Jack|Steinberger}}

|{{sortname|Johann|Deisenhofer}};
{{sortname|Robert|Huber}};
{{sortname|Hartmut|Michel}}

|{{sortname|James W.|Black}};
{{sortname|Gertrude B.|Elion}};
{{sortname|George H.|Hitchings}}

|{{sortname|Naguib|Mahfouz}}

|United Nations peacekeeping forces

|{{sortname|Maurice|Allais}}

scope=row align=center| 1989

|{{sortname|Norman|Ramsey Jr.}};
{{sortname|Hans Georg|Dehmelt}};
{{sortname|Wolfgang|Paul}}

|{{sortname|Sidney|Altman}};
{{sortname|Thomas|Cech}}

|{{sortname|J. Michael|Bishop}};
{{sortname|Harold E.|Varmus}}

|{{sortname|Camilo José|Cela}}

|{{sortname|Tenzin|Gyatso (The 14th Dalai Lama)|14th Dalai Lama}}

|{{sortname|Trygve|Haavelmo}}

id="1990"

!scope=row align=center| 1990

|{{sortname|Jerome Isaac|Friedman}};
{{sortname|Henry Way|Kendall}};
{{sortname|Richard E.|Taylor}}

|{{sortname|Elias James|Corey}}

|{{sortname|Joseph|Murray}};
{{sortname|E. Donnall|Thomas}}

|{{sortname|Octavio|Paz}}

|{{sortname|Mikhail|Gorbachev}}

|{{sortname|Harry|Markowitz}};
{{sortname|Merton|Miller}};
{{sortname|William F.|Sharpe}}

scope=row align=center| 1991

|{{sortname|Pierre-Gilles|de Gennes}}

|{{sortname|Richard R.|Ernst}}

|{{sortname|Erwin|Neher}};
{{sortname|Bert|Sakmann}}

|{{sortname|Nadine|Gordimer}}

|{{sortname|Aung San|Suu Kyi}}

|{{sortname|Ronald|Coase}}

scope=row align=center| 1992

|{{sortname|Georges|Charpak}}

|{{sortname|Rudolph A.|Marcus}}

|{{sortname|Edmond H.|Fischer}};
{{sortname|Edwin G.|Krebs}}

|{{sortname|Derek|Walcott}}

|{{sortname|Rigoberta|Menchú}}

|{{sortname|Gary|Becker}}

scope=row align=center| 1993

|{{sortname|Russell Alan|Hulse}};
{{sortname|Joseph Hooton|Taylor Jr.}}

|{{sortname|Kary|Mullis}};
{{sortname|Michael|Smith|dab=chemist}}

|{{sortname|Richard J.|Roberts}};
{{sortname|Phillip Allen|Sharp}}

|{{sortname|Toni|Morrison}}

|{{sortname|Nelson|Mandela}};
{{sortname|F. W.|de Klerk}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Fogel}};
{{sortname|Douglass|North}}

scope=row align=center| 1994

|{{sortname|Bertram|Brockhouse}};
{{sortname|Clifford|Shull}}

|{{sortname|George Andrew|Olah}}

|{{sortname|Alfred G.|Gilman}};
{{sortname|Martin|Rodbell}}

|{{sortname|Kenzaburō|Ōe}}

|{{sortname|Yasser|Arafat}};
{{sortname|Shimon|Peres}};
{{sortname|Yitzhak|Rabin}}

|{{sortname|John|Harsanyi}};
{{sortname|John Forbes|Nash Jr.}};
{{sortname|Reinhard|Selten}}

scope=row align=center| 1995

|{{sortname|Martin Lewis|Perl}};
{{sortname|Frederick|Reines}}

|{{sortname|Paul J.|Crutzen}};
{{sortname|Mario J.|Molina}};
{{sortname|F. Sherwood|Rowland}}

|{{sortname|Edward B.|Lewis}};
{{sortname|Christiane|Nüsslein-Volhard}};
{{sortname|Eric F.|Wieschaus}}

|{{sortname|Seamus|Heaney}}

|{{sortname|Joseph|Rotblat}};
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs

|{{sortname|Robert|Lucas Jr.}}

scope=row align=center| 1996

|{{sortname|David|Lee|dab=physicist}};
{{sortname|Douglas|Osheroff}};
{{sortname|Robert Coleman|Richardson}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Curl}};
{{sortname|Harry|Kroto}};
{{sortname|Richard|Smalley}}

|{{sortname|Peter C.|Doherty}};
{{sortname|Rolf M.|Zinkernagel}}

|{{sortname|Wisława|Szymborska}}

|{{sortname|Carlos Filipe Ximenes|Belo}};
{{sortname|José|Ramos-Horta}}

|{{sortname|James|Mirrlees}};
{{sortname|William|Vickrey}}

scope=row align=center| 1997

|{{sortname|Steven|Chu}};
{{sortname|Claude|Cohen-Tannoudji}};
{{sortname|William Daniel|Phillips}}

|{{sortname|Paul D.|Boyer}};
{{sortname|John E.|Walker}};
{{sortname|Jens Christian|Skou}}

|{{sortname|Stanley B.|Prusiner}}

|{{sortname|Dario|Fo}}

|International Campaign to Ban Landmines;
{{sortname|Jody|Williams}}

|{{sortname|Robert C.|Merton}};
{{sortname|Myron|Scholes}}

scope=row align=center| 1998

|{{sortname|Robert B.|Laughlin}};
{{sortname|Horst Ludwig|Störmer}};
{{sortname|Daniel C.|Tsui}}

|{{sortname|Walter|Kohn}};
{{sortname|John|Pople}}

|{{sortname|Robert F.|Furchgott}};
{{sortname|Louis|Ignarro}};
{{sortname|Ferid|Murad}}

|{{sortname|José|Saramago}}

|{{sortname|John|Hume}};
{{sortname|David|Trimble}}

|{{sortname|Amartya|Sen}}

scope=row align=center| 1999

|{{sortname|Gerard|'t Hooft}};
{{sortname|Martinus J. G.|Veltman}}

|{{sortname|Ahmed|Zewail}}

|{{sortname|Günter|Blobel}}

|{{sortname|Günter|Grass}}

|Médecins Sans Frontières

|{{sortname|Robert|Mundell}}

id="2000"

!scope=row align=center| 2000

|{{sortname|Jack|Kilby}};
{{sortname|Zhores|Alferov}};
{{sortname|Herbert|Kroemer}}

|{{sortname|Alan J.|Heeger}};
{{sortname|Alan|MacDiarmid}};
{{sortname|Hideki|Shirakawa}}

|{{sortname|Arvid|Carlsson}};
{{sortname|Paul|Greengard}};
{{sortname|Eric|Kandel}}

|Gao Xingjian

|Kim Dae-jung

|{{sortname|James|Heckman}};
{{sortname|Daniel|McFadden}}

scope=row align=center| 2001

|{{sortname|Eric Allin|Cornell}};
{{sortname|Wolfgang|Ketterle}};
{{sortname|Carl|Wieman}}

|{{sortname|William Standish|Knowles}};
{{sortname|Ryōji|Noyori}};
{{sortname|Karl Barry|Sharpless}}

|{{sortname|Leland H.|Hartwell}};
{{sortname|Tim|Hunt}};
{{sortname|Paul|Nurse}}

|{{sortname|V. S.|Naipaul}}

|United Nations;
{{sortname|Kofi|Annan}}

|{{sortname|George|Akerlof}};
{{sortname|Michael|Spence}};
{{sortname|Joseph|Stiglitz}}

scope=row align=center| 2002

|{{sortname|Riccardo|Giacconi}};
{{sortname|Raymond|Davis Jr.}};
{{sortname|Masatoshi|Koshiba}}

|{{sortname|John B.|Fenn}};
{{sortname|Koichi|Tanaka}};
{{sortname|Kurt|Wüthrich}}

|{{sortname|Sydney|Brenner}};
{{sortname|H. Robert|Horvitz}};
{{sortname|John|Sulston}}

|{{sortname|Imre|Kertész}}

|{{sortname|Jimmy|Carter}}

|{{sortname|Daniel|Kahneman}};
{{sortname|Vernon L.|Smith}}

scope=row align=center| 2003

| {{sortname|Alexei|Abrikosov|dab=physicist}};
{{sortname|Vitaly|Ginzburg}};
{{sortname|Anthony James|Leggett}}

|{{sortname|Peter|Agre}};
{{sortname|Roderick|MacKinnon}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Lauterbur}};
{{sortname|Peter|Mansfield}}

|{{sortname|J. M.|Coetzee}}

|{{sortname|Shirin|Ebadi}}

|{{sortname|Robert F.|Engle}};
{{sortname|Clive|Granger}}

scope=row align=center| 2004

|{{sortname|David|Gross}};
{{sortname|Hugh David|Politzer}};
{{sortname|Frank|Wilczek}}

|{{sortname|Aaron|Ciechanover}};
{{sortname|Avram|Hershko}};
{{sortname|Irwin|Rose}}

|{{sortname|Richard|Axel}};
{{sortname|Linda B.|Buck}}

|{{sortname|Elfriede|Jelinek}}

|{{sortname|Wangari|Maathai}}

|{{sortname|Finn E.|Kydland}};
{{sortname|Edward C.|Prescott}}

scope=row align=center| 2005

|{{sortname|Roy J.|Glauber}};
{{sortname|John L.|Hall}};
{{sortname|Theodor W.|Hänsch}}

|{{sortname|Yves|Chauvin}};
{{sortname|Robert H.|Grubbs}};
{{sortname|Richard R.|Schrock}}

|{{sortname|Barry|Marshall}};
{{sortname|Robin|Warren}}

|{{sortname|Harold|Pinter}}

|International Atomic Energy Agency;
{{sortname|Mohamed|ElBaradei}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Aumann}};
{{sortname|Thomas|Schelling}}

scope=row align=center| 2006

|{{sortname|John C.|Mather}};
{{sortname|George|Smoot}}

|{{sortname|Roger D.|Kornberg}}

|{{sortname|Andrew|Fire}};
{{sortname|Craig|Mello}}

|{{sortname|Orhan|Pamuk}}

|{{sortname|Muhammad|Yunus}};
Grameen Bank

|{{sortname|Edmund|Phelps}}

scope=row align=center| 2007

|{{sortname|Albert|Fert}};
{{sortname|Peter|Grünberg}}

|{{sortname|Gerhard|Ertl}}

|{{sortname|Mario|Capecchi}};
{{sortname|Martin|Evans}};
{{sortname|Oliver|Smithies}}

|{{sortname|Doris|Lessing}}

|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
{{sortname|Al|Gore}}

|{{sortname|Leonid|Hurwicz}};
{{sortname|Eric|Maskin}};
{{sortname|Roger|Myerson}}

scope=row align=center| 2008

| {{sortname|Yoichiro|Nambu}};
{{sortname|Makoto|Kobayashi|dab=physicist}};
{{sortname|Toshihide|Maskawa}}

|{{sortname|Osamu|Shimomura}};
{{sortname|Martin|Chalfie}};
{{sortname|Roger Y.|Tsien}}

|{{sortname|Harald|zur Hausen}};
{{sortname|Françoise|Barré-Sinoussi}};
{{sortname|Luc|Montagnier}}

|{{sortname|J. M. G.|Le Clézio}}

|{{sortname|Martti|Ahtisaari}}

|{{sortname|Paul|Krugman}}

scope=row align=center| 2009

|{{sortname|Charles K.|Kao}};
{{sortname|Willard S.|Boyle|Willard Boyle}};
{{sortname|George E.|Smith}}

|{{sortname|Venkatraman|Ramakrishnan}};
{{sortname|Thomas A.|Steitz}};
{{sortname|Ada|Yonath}}

|{{sortname|Elizabeth|Blackburn}};
{{sortname|Carol W.|Greider}};
{{sortname|Jack W.|Szostak}}

|{{sortname|Herta|Müller}}

|{{sortname|Barack |Obama}}

|{{sortname|Elinor|Ostrom}};
{{sortname|Oliver E.|Williamson}}

id="2010"

!scope=row align=center| 2010

|{{sortname|Andre|Geim|Andre Geim}};
{{sortname|Konstantin|Novoselov|Konstantin Novoselov}}

|{{sortname|Richard F.|Heck|Richard F. Heck}};
{{sortname|Ei-ichi|Negishi|Ei-ichi Negishi}};
{{sortname|Akira|Suzuki|dab=chemist}}

|{{sortname|Robert|Edwards|dab=physiologist}}

|{{sortname|Mario|Vargas Llosa}}

|Liu Xiaobo{{efn|name=F|In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to 11 years of imprisonment by the Chinese authorities.{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/presentation-speech.html |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Presentation Speech |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=October 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105135039/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/presentation-speech.html |archive-date=November 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}}}

|{{sortname|Peter A.|Diamond|Peter Diamond}};
{{sortname|Dale T. |Mortensen}};
{{sortname|Christopher A. |Pissarides}}

scope=row align=center| 2011

|{{sortname|Saul|Perlmutter}};
{{sortname|Adam|Riess}};
{{sortname|Brian|Schmidt}}

|{{sortname|Dan|Shechtman}}

|{{sortname|Bruce|Beutler}};
{{sortname|Jules A.|Hoffmann}};
{{sortname|Ralph M.|Steinman}}

|{{sortname|Tomas|Tranströmer}}

|{{sortname|Ellen Johnson|Sirleaf}};
{{sortname|Leymah|Gbowee}};
{{sortname|Tawakel|Karman}}

|{{sortname|Thomas J.|Sargent}};
{{sortname|Christopher A.|Sims}}

scope=row align=center| 2012

|{{sortname|Serge|Haroche}};
{{sortname|David|J. Wineland}}

|{{sortname|Brian K.|Kobilka|Brian Kobilka}};
{{sortname|Robert J.|Lefkowitz|Robert Lefkowitz}}

|{{sortname|John B.|Gurdon|John Gurdon}};
{{sortname| Shinya|Yamanaka}}

|{{sortname|Mo|Yan}}

|{{sortname|European|Union}}

|{{sortname|Alvin E.|Roth}};
{{sortname|Lloyd S.|Shapley|Lloyd Shapley}}

scope=row align=center| 2013

|{{sortname|François|Englert}};
{{sortname|Peter W.|Higgs|Peter Higgs}}

|{{sortname|Martin|Karplus}};
{{sortname|Michael|Levitt|dab=biophysicist}};
{{sortname|Arieh|Warshel}}

|{{sortname|James E.|Rothman|James Rothman}};
{{sortname|Randy W.|Schekman}};
{{sortname|Thomas C.|Südhof}}

|{{sortname|Alice|Munro}}

|{{sortname|Organisation|for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons|Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons}}

|{{sortname|Eugene F.|Fama|Eugene Fama}};
{{sortname|Lars Peter|Hansen}};
{{sortname|Robert J.|Shiller|Robert Shiller}}

scope=row align=center| 2014

|{{sortname|Isamu|Akasaki}};
{{sortname|Hiroshi|Amano}};
{{sortname|Shuji|Nakamura}}

|{{sortname|Eric|Betzig}};
{{sortname|Stefan|Hell}};
{{sortname|William|Moerner}}

|{{sortname|John|O'Keefe|dab=neuroscientist}};
{{sortname|May-Britt|Moser}};
{{sortname|Edvard|Moser}}

|{{sortname|Patrick|Modiano}}

|{{sortname|Kailash|Satyarthi}};
{{sortname|Malala|Yousafzai}}

|{{sortname|Jean|Tirole}}

scope=row align=center| 2015

|{{sortname|Takaaki|Kajita|Takaaki Kajita}};
{{sortname|Arthur B.|McDonald}}

|{{sortname|Tomas|Lindahl}};
{{sortname|Paul L.|Modrich|Paul Modrich}};
{{sortname|Aziz|Sancar}}

|{{sortname|William C.|Campbell|dab=scientist}};
{{sortname|Satoshi|Ōmura}};
{{sortname|Tu|Youyou}}

|{{sortname|Svetlana|Alexievich}}

|{{sortname|Tunisian|National Dialogue Quartet|Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet}}

|{{sortname|Angus|Deaton}}

scope=row align=center| 2016

|{{sortname|David|J. Thouless}};
{{sortname|Duncan|Haldane}};
{{sortname|John M.|Kosterlitz}}

|{{sortname|Jean-Pierre|Sauvage}};
{{sortname|Fraser|Stoddart}};
{{sortname|Ben|Feringa}}

|{{sortname|Yoshinori|Ohsumi}}

|{{sortname|Bob|Dylan}}

|{{sortname|Juan Manuel|Santos}}

|{{sortname|Oliver|Hart|dab=economist}};
{{sortname|Bengt R.|Holmström}}

scope=row align=center| 2017

|{{sortname|Rainer|Weiss}};
{{sortname|Barry|Barish}};
{{sortname|Kip|Thorne}}

|{{sortname|Jacques|Dubochet}};
{{sortname|Joachim|Frank}};
{{sortname|Richard|Henderson|dab=biologist}}

|{{sortname|Jeffrey C.|Hall|Jeffrey C. Hall}};
{{sortname|Michael|Rosbash}};
{{sortname|Michael W.|Young|Michael W. Young}}

|{{sortname|Kazuo|Ishiguro|Kazuo Ishiguro}}

|{{sortname|International|Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons|International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons}}

|{{sortname|Richard|Thaler|Richard Thaler}}

scope=row align=center| 2018

|{{sortname|Arthur|Ashkin}};
{{sortname|Gérard|Mourou}};
{{sortname|Donna|Strickland}}

|{{sortname|Frances H.|Arnold}};
{{sortname|George|Smith|dab=chemist}};
{{sortname|Greg|Winter}}

|{{sortname|James P.|Allison}};
{{sortname|Tasuku|Honjo}}

|{{sortname|Olga|Tokarczuk}}{{efn|name=G|The 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 2019, as scandals within the Swedish Academy forced it to postpone the ceremony.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/nobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal|title=Two Nobel literature prizes to be awarded after sexual assault scandal|last=Henley|first=Jon|date=10 October 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010091152/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/nobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal|url-status=live}}}}

|{{sortname|Denis|Mukwege}};
{{sortname|Nadia|Murad}}

|{{sortname|William|Nordhaus}};
{{sortname|Paul|Romer}}

scope=row align=center| 2019

|{{sortname|Jim|Peebles}};
{{sortname|Michel|Mayor}};
{{sortname|Didier|Queloz}}

|{{sortname|John B.|Goodenough}};
{{sortname|M. Stanley|Whittingham}};
{{sortname|Akira|Yoshino}}

|{{sortname|William|Kaelin Jr.}};
{{sortname|Peter J.|Ratcliffe}};
{{sortname|Gregg L.|Semenza}}

|{{sortname|Peter|Handke}}

|{{sortname|Abiy|Ahmed}}

|{{sortname|Abhijit|Banerjee}};
{{sortname|Esther|Duflo}};
{{sortname|Michael|Kremer}}

id="2020"

!scope=row align=center| 2020

|{{sortname|Roger|Penrose}};
{{sortname|Reinhard|Genzel}};
{{sortname|Andrea M.|Ghez}}

|{{sortname|Emmanuelle|Charpentier}};
{{sortname|Jennifer|Doudna}}

|{{sortname|Harvey J.|Alter}};
{{sortname|Michael|Houghton|dab=virologist}};
{{sortname|Charles M.|Rice}}

|{{sortname|Louise|Glück}}

|World Food Programme

|{{sortname|Paul|Milgrom}};
{{sortname|Robert B.|Wilson}}

scope=row align=center| 2021

|{{sortname|Giorgio|Parisi}};
{{sortname|Klaus|Hasselmann}};
{{sortname|Syukuro|Manabe}}

|{{sortname|Benjamin|List}};
{{sortname|David|MacMillan}}

|{{sortname|David|Julius}};
{{sortname|Ardem|Patapoutian}}

|{{sortname|Abdulrazak|Gurnah}}

|{{sortname|Maria|Ressa}};
{{sortname|Dmitry|Muratov}}

|{{sortname|David|Card}};
{{sortname|Joshua|Angrist}};
{{sortname|Guido|Imbens}}

scope=row align=center| 2022

|{{sortname|Alain|Aspect}};
{{sortname|John|Clauser}};
{{sortname|Anton|Zeilinger}}

|{{sortname|Carolyn|Bertozzi}};
{{sortname|Morten P.|Meldal}};
{{sortname|Karl Barry|Sharpless}}

|{{sortname|Svante|Pääbo}}

|{{sortname|Annie|Ernaux}}

|{{sortname|Ales|Bialiatski}};
Memorial;
Centre for Civil Liberties

|{{sortname|Ben|Bernanke}};
{{sortname|Douglas|Diamond}};
{{sortname|Philip H.|Dybvig}}

scope=row align=center| 2023

|{{sortname|Pierre|Agostini}};
{{sortname|Ferenc|Krausz}};
{{sortname|Anne|L'Huillier}}

|{{sortname|Moungi|Bawendi}};
{{sortname|Louis E.|Brus}};
{{sortname|Alexey|Ekimov}}

|{{sortname|Katalin|Karikó}};
{{sortname|Drew|Weissman}}

|{{sortname|Jon|Fosse}}

|{{sortname|Narges|Mohammadi}}

|{{sortname|Claudia|Goldin}}

scope=row align=center| 2024

|{{sortname|John|Hopfield}};
{{sortname|Geoffrey|Hinton}}

|{{sortname|David|Baker|dab=biochemist}};
{{sortname|Demis|Hassabis}};
{{sortname|John M.|Jumper}}

|{{sortname|Victor|Ambros}};
{{sortname|Gary|Ruvkun}}

|{{sortname|Han|Kang}}

|Nihon Hidankyo

|{{sortname|Daron|Acemoglu}};
{{sortname|Simon|Johnson|dab=economist}};
{{sortname|James A.|Robinson}}

50-year secrecy rule

The Committee neither informs the media nor the candidates themselves of the names of the nominees. Insofar as specific names frequently appear in the early predictions of who will receive the award in any given year, this is either pure speculation or inside information from the person or people who submitted the nomination. After fifty years, the database of nominations maintained by the Nobel Committee is made available to the public.{{Cite web |title=Nomination and selection of Nobel Peace Prize laureates |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=NobelPrize.org |date=5 July 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510012449/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/ |url-status=live }} Statutes of the Nobel Foundation, § 10, states:

A prize-awarding body may, however, after due consideration in each individual case, permit access to material which formed the basis for the evaluation and decision concerning a prize, for purposes of research in intellectual history. Such permission may not, however, be granted until at least 50 years have elapsed after the date on which the decision in question was made.{{Cite web |date=2021-08-30 |title=Confidentiality - Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/nobel-peace-prize/nomination/confidentiality |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=www.nobelpeaceprize.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009155536/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/nobel-peace-prize/nomination/confidentiality |url-status=live }}

See also

{{main category|Lists of Nobel laureates}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

Specific

{{reflist}}

General

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/|title=All Nobel Laureates in Physics|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226100936/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-physics/|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/|title=All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2016-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603000503/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/|title=All Nobel Laureates in Medicine|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2016-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602183732/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/|title=All Nobel Laureates in Literature|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2011-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529091551/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/|title=All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226100955/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-peace-prizes/|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/|title=All Laureates in Economics|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=2008-11-25|archive-date=2013-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601161045/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/|url-status=live}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Nobel laureates}}

  • [http://www.kva.se/en/ Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121112326/http://www.kva.se/en |date=2017-11-21 }}
  • [http://nobelprize.org/ Official website of the Nobel Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060405023917/http://nobelprize.org/ |date=2006-04-05 }}
  • [http://www.aggdata.com/awards/nobel_prize_winners Downloadable Database of Nobel Laureates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513002038/http://www.aggdata.com/awards/nobel_prize_winners |date=2012-05-13 }}

{{Nobel Prizes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nobel Laureates}}

*