Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene

|Page's crane

|Grus pagei

|Rancho La Brea, California, United States

|rowspan="14"|Climate change at the LGM and competition with Homo Sapiens

|Oraristix brea

|Southern California, United States

|Buteogallus daggetti

|Southwestern United States

|

|Neophrontops americanus

|Rancho La Brea, California, United States

|Eurasian cave lion

|Panthera spelaea

|Northern Eurasia and Beringia

|Northern glyptodont

|Glyptotherium sp.

|Florida and Texas to northeastern Brazil

|Toronto subway deer

|Torontoceros hypnogeos

|Toronto, Canada

|Dwarf pronghorn

|Capromeryx minor

|Southwestern United States and Mexico

|Chinese cave hyena

|Crocuta crocuta ultima

|East Asia

|Odocoileus lucasi

|Oasisamerica{{cite web | url=https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxaMamm/Navahoceros.htm | title=Navahoceros fricki }} and MexicoBravo-Cuevas, V. M., & Jiménez-Hidalgo, E. (2018). Advances on the paleobiology of late Pleistocene mammals from central and southern Mexico. In The Pleistocene, Geography, Geology and Fauna, eds G. Huard and J. Gareau (New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers), 277-313.

|rowspan="2"|Hunting?{{cite book|title=Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution|last=Martin|first=Paul S.|author2=Klein, Richard G.|year=1989|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-231-03733-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIDC7ybvHQEC}}

|Stockoceros sp.

|Mexico and Southwestern United States

|Southeastern giant tortoise

|Hesperotestudo crassiscutata

|Southern United States

|rowspan="3"|Hunting and competition with Homo Sapiens

|Sardinian dhole

|Cynotherium sardous

|Corsica and Sardinia

|Macrauchenia

|Macrauchenia patachonica

|Southwestern South America

|Hunting.

|Long-nosed peccary

|Mylohyus nasutus

|Eastern United States

|Habitat loss and competition with the American black bear.

|American mastodon

|Mammut americanum

|North America

|Overhunting

|

|Valgipes bucklandi

|Brazil

|rowspan="9"|Hunting

|Manouria oyamai

|Ryukyu, Japan

|Cypriot genet

|Genetta plesictoides

|Cyprus

|Ciconia maltha

|Americas

|Diplothrix miyakoensis

|Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan

|Teratornis merriami

|California, United States

|

|Damaliscus hypsodon

|Kenya and Tanzania

|Undetermined.

|Flat-headed peccary

|Platygonus compressus

|North America

|Possibly vegetation changes induced by climate change and competition with the American black bear.

|Euphagus magnirostris

|California to Venezuela and Peru

|Argentinian short-faced bear

|Arctotherium tarijense

|ArgentinaCione, A.L. et al. (2015). The GABI in southern South America. In The great American biotic interchange (pp. 71-96). Springer, Dordrecht.

|Giant Cape zebra

|Equus capensis

|Southern Africa

|Reduction of grasslands after the end of the Last Glacial Period.Faith, J.T. (2014) Late Pleistocene and Holocene mammal extinctions on continental Africa. Earth-Science Reviews, 128, 105-121.

|Smaller South American horse

|Hippidion saldiasiDer Sarkissian, C. et al. (2015). Mitochondrial genomes reveal the extinct Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equids. Biology Letters, 11(3), 20141058.

|Eastern South AmericaVillavicencio, N. A., Corcoran, D., & Marquet, P. A. (2019). Assessing the causes behind the Late Quaternary extinction of horses in South America using Species Distribution Models. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 226.

|South American palmate-antlered deer

|Morenelaphus brachyceros

|Temperate South America

|Undetermined.Ubilla, M., et al. (2018) Mammals in last 30 to 7 ka interval (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) in southern Uruguay (Santa Lucía River Basin): last occurrences, climate, and biogeography. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 25(2), 291-300.

|

|Hipposideros besaoka

|Northern coast of Madagascar

|Undetermined.Samonds, K.E. 2007. [http://www.sadabe.org/Samonds/PDFS/12%20Samonds%202007.pdf Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar]. Acta Chiropterologica 9(1):39–65.

|South American pointed-antlered deer

|Antifer ultra

|River Plate and central Chile

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Woolly rhinoceros

|Coelodonta antiquitatis

|Northern Eurasia

|Shrinking of the mammoth steppe due to warmer and wetter climate conditions.Wang, Y., Pedersen, M.W., Alsos, I.G. et al. Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04016-x

|Panamerican ground sloth

|Eremotherium laurillardiCartelle, C., De Iuliis, G., & Pujos, F. (2015). Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842) (Xenarthra, Megatheriinae) is the only valid megatheriine sloth species in the Pleistocene of intertropical Brazil: A response to Faure et al., 2014. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 14(1), 15-23.

|Southern United States to Brazil

|Undetermined.

|North American sabertooth

|Smilodon fatalis

|Southern North America and northern South America

|Prey loss.

|Asian ostrich

|Struthio asiaticus

|Greece and Eastern Europe through Kazakhstan to India and ChinaFarmer, D. (2012) Avian Biology. Elsevier.

|Undetermined.

|

|Xibalbaonyx oviceps

|Quintana Roo, Mexico

|Hunting.

|Asian straight-tusked elephant

|Palaeoloxodon namadicus

|South and east Asia

|Undetermined.

|American camel

|Camelops hesternus

|rowspan="2"|Western North America

|Hunting.

|Chilean scelidodont

|Scelidodon chiliensis

|Western South AmericaMiño-Boilini, A. R., Carlini, A. A., Chiesa, J. O., Lucero, N. P., & Zurita, A. E. (2009). First record of Scelidodon chiliense (Lydekker)(Phyllophaga, Scelidotheriinae) from the Lujanian stage (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) of Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 253, 373-381.

|Undetermined.

|Siphonorhis daiquiri

|Long-legged llama

|Hemiauchenia macrocephala

|North and Central America

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Tonni, E. P., Cione, A. L., & Soibelzon, L. H. (2003). The broken zig-zag: late Cenozoic large mammal and tortoise extintion in South America. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5.

|Palaeolama major

|North and east South America

|Hunting.

|Propraopus sulcatus

|Eastern South AmericaCordeiro de Castro, M. (2015). Sistemática y evolución de los armadillos Dasypodini (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Dasypodidae). Revista del Museo de La Plata|Sección Paleontología, 15.

|Undetermined.

|Pampean giant armadillo

|Eutatus seguini

|Northern Argentina and UruguayKrmpotic, C.M., Carlini, A.A., & Scillato-Yané, G.J. (2009) The species of Eutatus (Mammalia, Xenarthra): Assessment, morphology and climate. Quaternary International, 210(1-2), 66-75.

|Hunting

|Yukon horse

|Equus lambei

|Eastern Beringia

|rowspan="2"|Reduction of grasslands after the end of the Last Glacial Period.

|Giant hartebeest

|Megalotragus priscus

|Southern Africa;
Eastern Africa?

|Dire wolf

|Aenocyon dirus

|North America and western South America

|Competition with the gray wolf and Homo Sapiens.

|Kambuaya's triok

|Dactylopsila kambuayai

|rowspan="2"|New Guinea

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Petauroides ayamaruensis

|Beringian wolf

|Canis lupus

|Northwestern North America

|Prey loss.Leonard, J. A., Vilà, C., Fox-Dobbs, K., Koch, P. L., Wayne, R. K., & Van Valkenburgh, B. (2007). Megafaunal extinctions and the disappearance of a specialized wolf ecomorph. Current Biology, 17(13), 1146-1150. The eastern wolf, a descendant hybridized with coyotes, survives.Wilson, Paul J.; Rutledge, Linda Y. (2021). "Considering Pleistocene North American wolves and coyotes in the eastern Canis origin story". Ecology and Evolution. 11 (13): 9137–9147.

|Bond's springbok

|Antidorcas bondi

|Southern Africa

|Reduction of grasslands after the end of the Last Glacial Period.

|Narrow-headed ground sloth

|Scelidotherium leptocephalum

|Southern South America

|Hunting?

|Sardinian giant deer

|Praemegaceros cazioti

|Corsica and SardiniaMelis, S., Salvadori, S., & Pillola, G. L. (2010). SARDINIAN DEER: DERIVATIONS, FOSSIL DISCOVERIES AND CURRENT DISTRIBUTION. Present Environment & Sustainable Development, 4(2).

|Undetermined.Benzi, V. et al. (2007). Radiocarbon and U-series dating of the endemic deer Praemegaceros cazioti (Depéret) from "Grotta Juntu", Sardinia. Journal of archaeological science, 34(5), 790-794.

|Unnamed South African caprine

|?Makapania sp.

|South African mountains

|Reduction of grasslands after the end of the Last Glacial Period.

|Haitian cave rail

|Nesotrochis steganinos

|Hispaniola

|Undetermined.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

|Ibiza rail

|Rallus eivissensis

|rowspan="2"|Ibiza, Spain

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined, but presumably a result of human colonization.Guerra Rodríguez, Carmen. "Avifauna del pleistoceno superior-holoceno de las Pitiusas: passeriformes y sus depredadores." (2015). Unpublished.

|Vipera latastei ebusitana

|Ancient bison

|Bison antiquus

|North America

|Possibly hybridisation with western bison resulting in modern American bison.

|Giant ground sloth

|Megatherium americanum

|Temperate South America and the Andes

|Hunting.

|

|Neosclerocalyptus paskoensis

|Southern South America

|rowspan="4"|Undetermined.Zurita, A. E. (2007). Sistemática y evolución de los Hoplophorini (Xenarthra: glyptodontidae: hoplophorinae. Mioceno tardío-Holoceno temprano). Importancia bioestratigráfica, paleobiogeográfica y paleoambiental. (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Nacional de La Plata).{{cite journal|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6550/VZ_369_B_borrasi.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|date=2007-04-20|last1=Olson|first1=Storrs L.|last2=Suárez|first2=William|title=The Cuban fossil eagle Aquila borrasi Arredondo: A scaled-up version of the Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga (Gmelin)|publisher=Raptor Research Foundation|journal=Journal of Raptor Research|volume=41|issue=4|page=288 |doi=10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[288:TCFEAB]2.0.CO;2}}

|Giant Cuban owl

|Ornimegalonyx oteroi

|rowspan="3"|Cuba

|Buteogallus borrasi

|Chelonoidis cubensis

|Irish elk

|Megaloceros giganteus

|Europe and southern Siberia

|Reduction of grasslands after the end of the Last Glacial Period, and possibly hunting.Lister, A. M., & Stuart, A. J. (2019). The extinction of the giant deer Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach): New radiocarbon evidence. Quaternary International, 500, 185-203.

|North African horse

|Equus algericus

|Maghreb

|Aridification.

|Majorcan giant dormouse

|Hypnomys morpheus

|Mallorca, Spain

|Possibly disease spread by introduced rodents.Bover, P. (2011). La paleontologia de vertebrats insulars de les Balears: la contribució de les excavacions recents. Endins: publicació d'espeleologia, 299-316.

|Algerian giant deer

|Megaceroides algericus

|Northern Maghreb

|Possibly habitat fragmentation.Fernandez, P. et al. (2015). The last occurrence of Megaceroides algericus Lyddekker, 1890 (Mammalia, Cervidae) during the middle Holocene in the cave of Bizmoune (Morocco, Essaouira region). Quaternary International, 374, 154-167.

|Jamaican caracara

|Caracara tellustris

|Jamaica

|Lowland gomphothere

|Notiomastodon platensis

|South America

|Hunting?

|North African aurochs

|Bos primigenius africanus

|rowspan="2"|North Africa

|Aridification. Domestic descendants survive in captivity.

|Equus mauritanicus

|Aridification.

|Malagasy crowned eagle

|Stephanoaetus mahery

|Central and southern Madagascar

|Possibly natural aridification or habitat degradation and prey loss caused by human activity.

|Kauaʻi mole duck

|Talpanas lippa

|Kaua'i, Hawaii, United States

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Radofilao's sloth lemur

|Babakotia radofilai

|Northern coast of Madagascar

|Giant long-horned buffalo

|Syncerus antiquus

|Africa and the Arabian PeninsulaStewart, M. et al. A taxonomic and taphonomic study of Pleistocene fossil deposits from the western Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. Quaternary Research, 2020, vol. 95, p. 1-22.

|Aridification and competition with domestic cattle for water and pastures.

|Melomys spechti

|rowspan="2"|Buka Island, Papua New Guinea

|Solomys spriggsarum

|Tilos dwarf elephant

|Palaeoloxodon tiliensis

|Tilos, Greece

|Balearic giant shrew

|Nesiotites hidalgo

|Gymnesian Islands, Spain

|Possibly disease spread by introduced rodents.

|Balearic cave goat

|Myotragus balearicus

|Gymnesian Islands, Spain

|Likely vegetation changes related to aridification or human activity.Bover, P., et al. (2016). Closing the gap: new data on the last documented Myotragus and the first human evidence on Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean Sea). The Holocene, 26(11), 1887-1891.Welker, F. et al. (2014). Analysis of coprolites from the extinct mountain goat Myotragus balearicus. Quaternary Research, 81(1), 106-116.

|Bennu heron

|Ardea bennuides

|Arabian Peninsula

|Wetland degradation.

|Steppe bison

|Bison priscus

|Northern Eurasia and North America

|HuntingBoeskorov, G. G. (2006). Arctic Siberia: refuge of the Mammoth fauna in the Holocene. Quaternary International, 142, 119-123. and habitat loss due to climate change.

|Hispaniola monkey

|Antillothrix bernensis

|rowspan="2"|Hispaniola

|Cuban giant sloth

|Megalocnus rodens

|Cuba

|New Caledonian terrestrial crocodile

|Mekosuchus inexpectatus

|Grande Terre and Isle of Pines, New Caledonia

|Hunting.

|Sumba Island giant rat

|Raksasamys tikusbesar

|Sumba Island, Indonesia

|Undetermined.

|Noel's barn owl

|Tyto noeli

|Cuba, Jamaica, and Bermuda

|Undetermined.

|Indian aurochs

|Bos primigenius namadicus

|Indian Subcontinent

|Undetermined. Domestic descendants survive in captivity and as feral populations.Chen, S. et al. (2010) Zebu cattle are an exclusive legacy of the South Asia Neolithic. Molecular biology and evolution, 27(1), 1-6.

|Woolly mammoth

|Mammuthus primigenius

|Northern Eurasia and North America

|HuntingNogués-Bravo, D., Rodríguez, J., Hortal, J., Batra, P., & Araújo, M. B. (2008). Climate change, humans, and the extinction of the woolly mammoth. PLoS Biol, 6(4), e79. and habitat loss due to climate change.

|Short-horned water buffalo

|Bubalus mephistopheles

|South, central, and east ChinaStuart, A.J. (2021) Vanished Giants: The Lost World of the Ice Age. University of Chicago Press, 288 pages.

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Ovodov's horse

|Equus ovodovi

|North and East Asia

|Undetermined.{{Cite journal |last1=Eisenmann |first1=Véra |last2=Sergej |first2=Vasiliev |date=September 2011 |title=Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia) |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2011n3a5 |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=519–530 |doi=10.5252/g2011n3a5 |s2cid=128625427 |issn=1280-9659|url-access=subscription }}

|Hawaiian eagle

|Haliaeetus sp.

|Hawaii, United States

|Possibly deforestation, loss of prey, and predation of chicks by introduced rats and pigs.

|New Caledonian giant megapode

|Sylviornis neocaledoniae

|Grande Terre and Isle of Pines, New Caledonia

|Hunting.Anderson, A.; Sand, C.; Petchey, F.; Worthy, T. H. (2010). "Faunal extinction and human habitation in New Caledonia: Initial results and implications of new research at the Pindai Caves". Journal of Pacific Archaeology. 1 (1): 89–109. hdl:10289/5404.

|Puerto Rican flower bat

|Phyllonycteris major

|Puerto Rico and Antigua

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.Steadman, D. W., Pregill, G. K., & Olson, S. L. (1984). Fossil vertebrates from Antigua, Lesser Antilles: evidence for late Holocene human-caused extinctions in the West Indies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81(14), 4448-4451.

|Leiocephalus cuneus

|Antigua and Barbuda

|Greater Azores bullfinch

|Pyrrhula crassa

|Azores, Spain

|Human settlement.{{Cite news|url=https://phys.org/news/2017-07-bird-humans-drove-extinction-azores.html|title=A new bird which humans drove to extinction discovered in Azores|date=2017-07-27|website=Phys.org|access-date=2018-10-22}}

|European wild ass

|Equus hydruntinus

|Southern Europe and Southwest Asia; Northern Europe {{small|(Pleistocene)}}

|Hunting and habitat fragmentation after the end of the Last Glacial Period.{{Cite journal|last1=Crees|first1=Jennifer J.|last2=Turvey|first2=Samuel T.|date=May 2014|title=Holocene extinction dynamics of Equus hydruntinus, a late-surviving European megafaunal mammal|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=91|pages=16–29|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.003|bibcode=2014QSRv...91...16C|issn=0277-3791}}

|Dune shearwater

|Puffinus holeae

|Canary Islands, Spain;
mainland Portugal {{small|(Pleistocene)}}

|Predation by introduced house mice.Rando, J. C., & Alcover, J. A. (2010). On the extinction of the Dune Shearwater (Puffinus holeae) from the Canary Islands. Journal of Ornithology, 151(2), 365-369.

|Hooijeromys nusantenggara

|Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia

|Mekosuchus kalpokasi

|Efate, Vanuatu

|Hunting.

|Papagomys theodorverhoeveni

|Flores, Indonesia

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Lini's megapode

|Mwalau walterlinii

|Efate, Vanuatu

|Noble megapode

|Megavitiornis altirostris

|rowspan="3"|Fiji

|rowspan="3"|Hunting.Irwin, G. et al. (2011). Further investigations at the Naigani Lapita site (VL 21/5), Fiji: excavation, radiocarbon dating and palaeofaunal extinction. Journal of Pacific Archaeology, 2(2), 66-78.

|Lapitiguana impensa

|Volia athollandersoni

|Tongan tooth-billed pigeon

|Didunculus placopedetes

|Tonga

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Lakeba pigeon

|Ducula lakeba

|Lakeba and Aiwa, Fiji

|Balsam shrew

|Crocidura balsamifera

|Nile gallery forests, Egypt

|Habitat destruction.

|Eurasian muskox

|Ovibos moschatusRaufuss, I., & von Koenigswald, W. (1999). New remains of Pleistocene Ovibos moschatus from Germany and its geographic and stratigraphic occurrence in Europe. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 78(3), 383-394.

|Northern Eurasia

|Hunting. The same species survived in North America and was reintroduced to Eurasia in the 20th century.{{cite iucn | author1 = Gunn, A. | author2 = Forchhammer, M. | title = Ovibos moschatus |errata=2016 | year = 2008 | page = e.T29684A86066477 | access-date = 24 December 2019}}

|Syrian elephant

|Elephas maximus asurus

|Mesopotamia

|Hunting and habitat loss due to agriculture and aridification. However, it's been suggested that it was introduced by humans in the area, which would not make it a valid subspecies.Çakırlar, C., & Ikram, S. (2016). 'When elephants battle, the grass suffers.' Power, ivory and the Syrian elephant. Levant, 48(2), 167-183.

|MacPhee's shrew tenrec

|Microgale macpheei

|Southeastern Madagascar

|Aridification.Goodman, S.M., Vasey, N., & Burney, D.A. (2007). Description of a new species of subfossil shrew tenrec (Afrosoricida: Tenrecidae: Microgale) from cave deposits in southeastern Madagascar. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(4), 367-376.

|Jamaican ibis

|Xenicibis xympithecus

|Jamaica

|Undetermined.

|Law's diving-goose

|Chendytes lawi

|Coastal California and Oregon, United States

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Jones, T.L. et al. (2008) The protracted Holocene extinction of California's flightless sea duck (Chendytes lawi) and its implications for the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(11), 4105-4108.{{cite journal | last1 = Steadman | first1 = David W. | last2 = Pregill | first2 = Gregory K. | last3 = Burley | first3 = David V. | date = 19 March 2002 | title = Rapid prehistoric extinction of iguanas and birds in Polynesia | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 6 | pages = 3673–7 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.072079299 | pmid=11904427 | pmc=122582| bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.3673S | doi-access = free }}

|Consumed scrubfowl

|Megapodius alimentum

|Tonga and Fiji

|Kaua'i stilt-owl

|Grallistrix auceps

|Kaua'i, Hawaii, United States

|Undetermined.

|Chatham coot

|Fulica chathamensis

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|Probably hunting and predation by introduced mammals.

|Bahaman caracara

|Caracara creightoni

|Cuba and Bahamas

|Undetermined.Oswald, J. A., Allen, J. M., Witt, K. E., Folk, R. A., Albury, N. A., Steadman, D. W., & Guralnick, R. P. (2019). Ancient DNA from a 2,500-year-old Caribbean fossil places an extinct bird (Caracara creightoni) in a phylogenetic context. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 140, 106576.

|Plate-toothed giant hutia

|Elasmodontomys obliquus

|Puerto Rico

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.{{cite journal | last1 = Turvey | first1 = S.T | last2 = Oliver | first2 = J.R | last3 = Storde | first3 = Y.M Narganes | last4 = Rye | first4 = P | date = 22 April 2007 | title = Late Holocene extinction of Puerto Rican native land mammals. | journal = Biology Letters | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 193–6 | doi = 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0585 | pmid=17251123 | pmc=2375922}}

|

|Mesocapromys kraglievichi

|Cuba

|Lena horse

|Equus lenensis

|Northern Siberia

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Crowley, B. E. (2010). A refined chronology of prehistoric Madagascar and the demise of the megafauna. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(19-20), 2591-2603.

|Wild dromedary camel

|Camelus dromedarius

|Arabian Peninsula

|Desertification, hunting, and capture to replenish domestic herds. Domestic and feral descendants survive.[https://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/the-mysterious-origins-of-the-dromedary Thomsen, S. B. K. The Mysterious Origins of the Dromedary.]

|Tongan giant iguana

|Brachylophus gibbonsi

|Tonga and Fiji

|Hunting.Pregill, G. K., & Steadman, D. W. (2014). The prehistory of terrestrial reptiles and birds in the Central Lau Group, Fiji. Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 53, 1-25.

|Corsican giant shrew

|Asoriculus corsicanus

|Corsica, France

|Introduced black rats and human-induced habitat loss.Vigne, Jean-Denis, Salvador Bailon, and Jacques Cuisin. "Biostratigraphy of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals in Corsica and the role of man in the Holocene faunal turnover." Anthropologica 25.26 (1997): 587-604.

|Prolagus sardus

|rowspan="3"|Corsica and Sardinia

|Hunting, predation and competition with introduced mammals.{{Cite iucn|author=Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H.|title=Prolagus sardus|volume=2008|page=e.T18338A8103116|date=2008|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18338A8103116.en}}Claimed survival until 1774 CE in Tavolara Island is based on the mention of 'giant burrow-making rats' by Francesco Cetti.

|Rhagamys orthodon

|rowspan="2"|Introduced black rats and human-induced habitat loss.

|Tyrrhenicola henseli

|Imperial gibbon

|Junzi imperialis

|Shaanxi?, China

|Possibly capture as pets and deforestation.{{Cite journal|author1=Samuel T. Turvey |author2=Kristoffer Bruun |author3=Alejandra Ortiz |author4=James Hansford |author5=Songmei Hu |author6=Yan Ding |author7=Tianen Zhang |author8=Helen J. Chatterjee |year=2018 |title=New genus of extinct Holocene gibbon associated with humans in Imperial China |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6395 |pages=1346–1349 |doi=10.1126/science.aao4903 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047879/17/Turvey_gibbon_text_revised_20Apr2018%20Combined.pdf |pmid=29930136 |bibcode=2018Sci...360.1346T |doi-access=free }}

|Maui flightless ibis

|Apteribis brevis

|Maui, Hawaii, United States

|Undetermined.

|Gran Canaria giant rat

|Canariomys tamarani

|Gran Canaria, Canary Islands

|Hunting or predation by introduced dogs?López-Jurado, L. F., & López Martínez, N. (1991). Presencia de la rata gigante extinguida de Gran Canaria (Canariomys tamarani) en una cueva de habitación aborigen.

|Coryphomys musseri

|São Miguel scops owl

|Otus frutuosoi

|São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal

|Introduced predators?Rando, J.C. et al. (2013) A new species of extinct scops owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae: Otus) from São Miguel island (Azores archipelago, north Atlantic ocean). Zootaxa, 3647(2), 343-357.

|Lesser falcate-winged bat

|Phyllops vetus

|Cuba and Juventud

|Undetermined.{{cite journal |last1=Anthony |first1=H.E. |title=A new rabbit and a new bat from neotropical regions. |journal=Bulletin of the AMNH |date=1917 |volume=37 |hdl=2246/1823}}

|Eyles's harrier

|Circus teauteensis

|New Zealand

|Prey loss and habitat alteration.Sometimes reported to have survived until Polynesian arrival c. 1280, though there is no direct dating to confirm this (Turvey, 2009); or the 1870s, following dubious reports of observations by Europeans (Hume, 2017).

|Cnemiornis calcitrans

|South Island, New Zealand

|Undetermined.Claims of survival until Polynesian arrival c. 1280 not confirmed with direct dating (Turvey, 2009).

|Silphium

|?Ferula sp.

|Cyrenaica coast

|Aridification, overgrazing, and overharvesting.Parejko, K. (2003). Pliny the Elder's silphium: first recorded species extinction. Conservation Biology, 17(3), 925-927.

|

|Milimonggamys juliae

|Sumba Island, Indonesia

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Accipiter quartus

|Caloenas canacorum

|New Caledonia and Tonga; Vanuatu and Fiji?

|Probably hunting.

|Megapodius molistructor

|New Caledonia and Tonga

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Pampusana longitarsus

|rowspan="2"|New Caledonia

|Porphyrio kukwiedei

|Great Maui crake

|Porzana severnsi

|Maui, Hawaii, United States

|rowspan="2"|Hunting by native birds.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

|Great Oʻahu crake

|Porzana ralphorum

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|Giant fossa

|Cryptoprocta spelaea

|Madagascar

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Western bison

|Bison occidentalis

|Alaska and Yukon

|Waitomo frog

|Leiopelma waitomoensis

|North Island, New Zealand

|Predation by polynesian rats.{{Cite journal |last=Worthy |first=Trevor H. |date=1987-12-01 |title=Palaeoecological information concerning members of the frog genus Leiopelma: Leiopelmatidae in New Zealand |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=409–420 |doi=10.1080/03036758.1987.10426482 |issn=0303-6758|doi-access=free |bibcode=1987JRSNZ..17..409W }}

|Atlas wild ass

|Equus africanus atlanticus

|North Africa

|Undetermined. Domestic descendants survive in captivity.Youcef, S. A. M. (2020). African origins of modern asses as seen from paleontology and DNA: what about the Atlas wild ass?. Geobios, 58, 73-84.

|North African elephant

|Loxodonta africana pharaoensis

|Northwest Africa

|Hunting and aridification.Espérandieu, G. (1996). Éléphant. Encyclopédie berbère, (17), 2596-2606.

|Mangaia crake

|Porzana rua

|Mangaia, Cook Islands

|Hunting.

|Chatham duck

|Pachyanas chathamica

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|Hunting?

|New Caledonian horned turtle

|Meiolania mackayi

|New Caledonia

|Hunting.{{cite book|title=Extinctions in near time: causes, contexts, and consequences|last=MacPhee|first=R.D. E.|year=1999|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-306-46092-0|pages=19–28, 394|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZLuF1YXYTcC|access-date=29 February 2012}}

|Cuban spectacled owl

|Pulsatrix arredondoi

|Cuba

|Undetermined.Orihuela, J. (2019). An annotated list of Late Quaternary extinct birds of Cuba. Ornitología Neotropical, 30, 57-67.

|Horned crocodile

|Voay robustus

|Madagascar

|Possibly overexploitation of eggs for consumption, environmental changes (natural or caused by human activity), and competition with the Nile crocodile.Hekkala, E., et al. Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene “horned” crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus (2021). Communications Biology, vol. 4, no 1, p. 1-11.

|Ua Huka rail

|Gallirallus gracilitibia

|Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands

|Human settlement.{{cite journal |author1=Kirchman, Jeremy J. |author2=Steadman, David. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title= New species of extinct rails (Aves: Rallidae) from archaeological sites in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. |journal=Pacific Science |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=145–163 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-154868123.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140611141159/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-154868123.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2014-06-11 |doi= 10.1353/psc.2007.0008|hdl=10125/22605 |s2cid=86793953 |hdl-access=free }}(subscription required)

|Small O'ahu crake

|Porzana ziegleri

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|Undetermined.

|Hildebrandt's elephant bird

|Aepyornis hildebrandti

|Central Madagascar

|Deforestation.Hansford, J.P. et al. (2021). Simultaneous extinction of Madagascar's megaherbivores correlates with late Holocene human-caused landscape transformation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 263, 106996.

|Cayman Islands geocapromys

|Geocapromys caymanensis

|rowspan="2"|Cayman Islands

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Nesophontes hemicingulus

|Malagasy dwarf hippopotamus

|Hippopotamus lemerlei

|Southwestern MadagascarWilliams, E. (2017) Hippopotamus. Reaktion Books, 224 pages.

|Deforestation, hunting, competition with, and changes to vegetation caused by livestock.

|Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus

|Hippopotamus madagascariensis

|Northwestern and central Madagascar

|Deforestation, hunting, competition with, and changes to vegetation caused by livestock.

|Chroicocephalus utunui

|Gallirallus storrsolsoni

|Possibly hunting and predation by introduced animals.

|Macropygia arevarevauupa

|Undetermined.

|Porphyrio mcnabi

|Possibly hunting and introduced predators.

|Cuban cave rail

|Nesotrochis picapicensis

|Cuba

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.{{Cite journal |last1=Kehlmaier |first1=Christian |last2=Graciá |first2=Eva |last3=Ali |first3=Jason R. |last4=Campbell |first4=Patrick D. |last5=Chapman |first5=Sandra D. |last6=Deepak |first6=V. |last7=Ihlow |first7=Flora |last8=Jalil |first8=Nour-Eddine |last9=Pierre-Huyet |first9=Laure |last10=Samonds |first10=Karen E. |last11=Vences |first11=Miguel |last12=Fritz |first12=Uwe |date=2023-01-13 |title=Ancient DNA elucidates the lost world of western Indian Ocean giant tortoises and reveals a new extinct species from Madagascar |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=eabq2574 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abq2574 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=9833658 |pmid=36630487}}

|

|Astrochelys rogerbouri

|rowspan="2"|Central and southern Madagascar

|Titan elephant bird

|Vorombe titan

|Deforestation.

|Insular cave rat

|Heteropsomys insulans

|Puerto Rico

|Undetermined.

|Sinoto's lorikeet

|Vini sinotoi

|Marquesas and Society Islands, French Polynesia

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Steadman, D., & Rolett, B. (1996). A chronostratigraphic analysis of landbird extinction on Tahuata, Marquesas Islands. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23(1), 81-94.

|Vini vidivici

|Marquesas, Society, and Cook Islands

|Malagasy aardvark

|Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis

|Central and southern Madagascar

|Undetermined.

|

|Synemporion keana

|Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Maui, Hawaii, United States

|Hunting and predation by introduced rodents.{{Cite journal|last1=Ziegler|first1=Alan C.|last2=Howarth|first2=Francis G.|last3=Simmons|first3=Nancy B.|date=2016-03-21|title=A Second Endemic Land Mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: A New Genus and Species of Fossil Bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6641|journal=American Museum Novitates|issue=3854|pages=1–52|doi=10.1206/3854.1|hdl=2246/6641|s2cid=56234957|issn=0003-0082}}

|Giant aye-aye

|Daubentonia robusta

|Southern Madagascar

|Hunting, expansion of grasses and deforestation caused by domestic cattle and goat grazing.

|Giant island deer mouse

|Peromyscus nesodytes

|Channel Islands of California, United States

|Possibly habitat loss through overgrazing and erosion.Ainis, A. F., & Vellanoweth, R. L. (2012). Expanding the chronology for the extinct giant island deer mouse (Peromyscus nesodytes) on San Miguel Island, California, USA. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 7(1), 146-152.

|Gallirallus epulare

|Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Gallirallus roletti

|Tahuata, Marquesas Islands

|Grandidier's koala lemur

|Megaladapis grandidieri

|Madagascar

|Hunting and vegetation changes caused by livestock.

|North Island adzebill

|Aptornis otidiformis

|North Island, New Zealand

|Hunting and predation by introduced Polynesian rats.

|Ducula harrisoni

|Probably hunting and predation by introduced animals.

|Pampusana leonpascoi

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Cape Verde quail

|Coturnix centensis

|São Vicente, Cape Verde

|Lava shearwater

|Puffinus olsoni

|Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands

|Predation by introduced black rats and cats.Rando, J.C., & Alcover, J.A. (2008) Evidence for a second western Palaearctic seabird extinction during the last Millennium: the Lava Shearwater Puffinus olsoni. Ibis, 150(1), 188-192.

|New Zealand swan

|Cygnus sumnerensis/chathamicus

|New Zealand? and the Chatham Islands

|Hunting. It was suggested that the material from the main islands is conspecific with the extant black swan, while that from the Chathams represents a truly different, extinct species.

|Tenerife giant rat

|Canariomys bravoi

|Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

|Hunting.Morales, J. et al. (2009) The impact of human activities on the natural environment of the Canary Islands (Spain) during the pre-Hispanic stage (3rd–2nd Century BC to 15th Century AD): an overview. Environmental Archaeology, 14(1), 27-36.

|Bahaman tortoise

|Chelonoidis alburyorum

|Bahamas

|rowspan="3"|Undetermined.

|Atalaye nesophontes

|Nesophontes hypomicrus

|Hispaniola

|New Zealand owlet-nightjar

|Aegotheles novaezealandiae

|New Zealand

|Predation by introduced Polynesian rats.Holdaway, R.N., Jones, M.D., & Athfield, N.R.B. (2002) Late Holocene extinction of the New Zealand owlet‐nightjar Aegotheles novaezealandiae. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 32(4), 653-667.

|Papasula abbotti costelloi

|Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia

|Hunting and possibly also deforestation.

|Chatham kaka

|Nestor chathamensis

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|Probably hunting, deforestation, and predation by introduced Polynesian rats.

|St. Michel nesophontes

|Nesophontes paramicrus

|Hispaniola

|Undetermined.

|Lava mouse

|Malpaisomys insularis

|Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands

|Possibly disease spread by introduced rats.Rando, Juan Carlos, et al. "Chronology and causes of the extinction of the Lava Mouse, Malpaisomys insularis (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Canary Islands." Quaternary Research 70.2 (2008): 141-148.

|Mantell's moa

|Pachyornis geranoides

|rowspan="2"|North Island, New Zealand

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Wood, J. R., and J. M. Wilmshurst. "Age of North Island giant moa (Dinornis novaezealandiae) bones found on the forest floor in the Ruahine Range." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 43.4 (2013): 250-255.

|North Island giant moa

|Dinornis novaezelandiae

|Chinese gharial

|Hanyusuchus sinensis

|South China and Hainan

|Extermination campaign.[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.0085 Iijima, M. et al. (2022) An intermediate crocodylian linking two extant gharials from the Bronze Age of China and its human-induced extinction. The Royal Society Publishing.]

|Heavy-footed moa

|Pachyornis elephantopus

|Eastern South Island, New Zealand

|Hunting.Rawlence, N. J., and A. Cooper. "Youngest reported radiocarbon age of a moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) dated from a natural site in New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 43.2 (2013): 100-107.

|Nesophontes zamicrus

|Hispaniola

|Chatham penguinA 1872 report of a pet penguin in the Chathams has been sometimes interpreted as a member of this species, but this is not confirmed (Hume, 2017).

|Eudyptes warhami

|rowspan="2"|New Zealand

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Cole, Theresa L., et al. "Mitogenomes uncover extinct penguin taxa and reveal island formation as a key driver of speciation." Molecular biology and evolution 36.4 (2019): 784-797.

|Megadyptes antipodes richdalei

|Malagasy lapwing

|Vanellus madagascariensis

|Southwestern Madagascar

|Aridification.

|Upland moa

|Megalapteryx didinus

|South Island, New Zealand

|Hunting.{{Cite web |title=Upland moa {{!}} New Zealand Birds Online |url=https://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/upland-moa |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz}}

|Edwards' koala lemur

|Megaladapis edwardsi

|Madagascar

|Hunting and vegetation changes caused by livestock.

|Eua rail

|Hypotaenidia vekamatolu

|Eua, Tonga

|Undetermined.

|Bush moa

|Anomalopteryx didiformis

|New Zealand

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Jacomb, Chris, et al. "High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians." Journal of Archaeological Science 50 (2014): 24-30

|Hieraaetus moorei

|Deforestation and loss of prey. Possibly also predation of nests by introduced pigs and rats.

|Southern sloth lemur

|Palaeopropithecus ingens

|Southwestern Madagascar

|Hunting and vegetation changes caused by livestock.

|Hispaniola woodcock

|Scolopax brachycarpa

|Hispaniola

|Undetermined.Steadman, D. W., & Takano, O. M. (2013). A late-Holocene bird community from Hispaniola: refining the chronology of vertebrate extinction in the West Indies. The Holocene, 23(7), 936-944.

|Waitaha penguin

|Megadyptes waitaha

|Coastal South Island, New Zealand

|Hunting.Rawlence, Nicolas J., et al. "Radiocarbon-dating and ancient DNA reveal rapid replacement of extinct prehistoric penguins." Quaternary Science Reviews 112 (2015): 59-65.

|Scarlett's shearwater

|Puffinus spelaeus

|Western South Island, New Zealand

|Predation by Polynesian rats.

|Kaua'i palila

|Loxioides kikuchi

|Kaua'i, Hawaii, United States

|Human settlement and farming.James, Helen F, Olson, Storrs L (2006) "A new species of Hawaiian finch (Drepanidini: Loxioides) from Makauwahi Cave. Auk 123(2): 335–344

|Giant Hawaii goose

|Branta rhuax

|Hawai'i, Hawaii, United States

|Probably hunting.

|Great ground dove

|Pampusana nui

|French Polynesia and Cook Islands

|Undetermined.

|Crested moa

|Pachyornis australis

|Subalpine South Island, New Zealand

|Hunting.

|Pico rail

|Rallus montivagorum

|Pico Island, Açores, Portugal

|

|Undetermined.

|Tenerife giant lizard

|Gallotia goliath

|Tenerife and La Palma, Canary Islands

|

|Hunting.

|Kauaʻi finch

|Telespiza persecutrix

|Kaua'i and Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|

|Undetermined.

|South American wolf

|Dusicyon avus

|Argentina and Uruguay

|2015 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly climate change, hunting, and competition with domestic dogs.{{Cite journal|last1=Prevosti|first1=Francisco J.|last2=Ramírez|first2=Mariano A.|last3=Schiaffini|first3=Mauro|last4=Martin|first4=Fabiana|last5=Udrizar Sauthier|first5=Daniel E.|last6=Carrera|first6=Marcelo|last7=Sillero-Zubiri|first7=Claudio|last8=Pardiñas|first8=Ulyses F. J.|date=November 2015|title=Extinctions in near time: new radiocarbon dates point to a very recent disappearance of the South American fox Dusicyon avus (Carnivora: Canidae)|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=116|issue=3|pages=704–720|doi=10.1111/bij.12625|doi-access=free|hdl=11336/46106|hdl-access=free}}

|Dwarf thick-knee

|Burhinus nanus

|Bahamas

|

|Undetermined.Oswald, J. A., & Steadman, D. W. (2018). The late Quaternary bird community of New Providence, Bahamas. The Auk: Ornithological Advances, 135(2), 359-377.

|Finsch's duck

|Chenonetta finschi

|New Zealand

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by introduced Polynesian rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Chenonetta finschi |volume=2017 |page=e.T62239833A119205634 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62239833A119205634.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Olson's petrel

|Bulweria bifax

|Saint Helena

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and introduced predators?{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Bulweria bifax | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22728804A94997177 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728804A94997177.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}

|Vespucci's giant rat

|Noronhomys vespucii

|Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil

|rowspan="2"|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Weksler, M. |author2=Costa, L.M. |date=2019 |title=Noronhomys vespuccii |volume=2019 |page=e.T136692A22333193 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136692A22333193.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Puerto Rican hutia

|Isolobodon portoricensis

|Hispaniola and Gonâve;
Introduced to Puerto Rico, Mona, and U.S. Virgin Islands

|1994-2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly predation by introduced black rats.{{cite iucn |author=Turvey, S.T. |author2=Dávalos, L. |date=2018 |title=Isolobodon portoricensis |volume=2018 |page=e.T10860A22186876 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T10860A22186876.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Samaná hutia

|Plagiodontia ipnaeum

|Hispaniola

|2021 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced rodents.

|Ascension night heron

|Nycticorax olsoni

|Ascension Island

|

|Probably predation by introduced cats and rats.

|Mauritian giant skink

|Leiolopisma mauritiana

|rowspan="2"|Mauritius

|2021 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|rowspan="2"|Probably introduced predators.{{Cite iucn | author = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | author-link = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | title = Leiolopisma mauritiana | volume = 1996 | page = e.T11410A3277412 | date = 1996 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11410A3277412.en }}[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22607/166933641 IUCN]

|Hoffstetter's worm snake

|Madatyphlops cariei

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Tribonyx hodgenorum

|New Zealand

|rowspan="2"|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by Polynesian rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Tribonyx hodgenorum |volume=2017 |page=e.T62274163A119207810 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62274163A119207810.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Rodrigues blue pigeon

|Alectroenas payandeei

|Rodrigues

|Possibly predation by introduced rats.

|Mauritius white-throated rail

|Dryolimnas sp.

|Mauritius

|1638

|Hunting and predation by introduced mammals.

|Bermuda hawk

|Bermuteo avivorus

|rowspan="5"|Bermuda

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly hunting and predation by introduced feral pigs and other animals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Bermuteo avivorus |volume=2017 |page=e.T62183030A119208276 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62183030A119208276.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}

|Bermuda saw-whet owl

|Aegolius gradyi

|1623
2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Aegolius gradyi | volume = 2016 | page = e.T62184893A95192681 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62184893A95192681.en }}

|Habitat destruction and introduced predators.

|Pipilio naufragus

|

|Undetermined.

|Bermuda night heron

|Nyctanassa carcinocatactes

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly hunting and introduced predators.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Nyctanassa carcinocatactes | volume = 2017 | page = e.T62286255A119207935 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62286255A119207935.en | access-date = 13 January 2018}}

|Bermuda flicker

|Colaptes oceanicus

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced cats.

|Eurasian aurochs

|Bos primigenius primigenius

|Mid-latitude Eurasia

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, competition with, and diseases from domestic cattle. Domestic descendants survive worldwide, including feral populations.{{Cite iucn | author = Tikhonov, A. | title = Bos primigenius | volume = 2008 | page = e.T136721A4332142 | date = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136721A4332142.en }}

|Saint Helena rail

|Aphanocrex podarces

|rowspan="5"|Saint Helena

|rowspan="5"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22728754/0 |title=Atlantisia podarces |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=26 November 2013}} and predation by introduced cats, rats, and other mammals.

|Nannococcyx psix

|Possibly deforestation.

|Pterodroma rupinarum

|Probably deforestation and introduced mammals.

|Upupa antaios

|Possibly hunting and introduced predators.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Upupa antaios |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728670A94993541 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728670A94993541.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

|Zapornia astrictocarpus

|Probably introduced predators.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Zapornia astrictocarpus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728760A94995685 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728760A94995685.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

|Markham's frog

|Leiopelma markhami

|South Island, New Zealand

|

|Predation by polynesian rats.

|Ascension crake

|Mundia elpenor

|Ascension Island

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly introduction of rats and cats, although it is not attested by the time they arrived in the 18th and 19th centuries.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Mundia elpenor |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728746A94995240 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728746A94995240.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Réunion blue pigeon

|Alectroenas sp.

|rowspan="4"|Réunion

|1704

|Probably hunting and predation by introduced cats.

|Alopochen kervazoi

|1710
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and habitat destruction.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Alopochen kervazoi |volume=2016 |page=e.T22729490A95017764 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729490A95017764.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Falco duboisi

|2004 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Falco duboisi |volume=2016 |page=e.T22731930A95038951 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22731930A95038951.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Broad-billed parrot

|Lophopsittacus mauritianus

|Mauritius

|1693
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Lophopsittacus mauritianus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728847A94998733 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728847A94998733.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Réunion rail

|Dryolimnas augusti

|rowspan="3"|Réunion

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting and introduced rats and cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Dryolimnas augusti |volume=2017 |page=e.T62258591A119207514 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62258591A119207514.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Nesoenas duboisi

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably introduced rats and cats.{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728712/119260576#assessment-information |title=Nesoenas duboisi |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2017 |access-date=30 March 2021}}

|Nycticorax duboisi

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Nycticorax duboisi |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728781A94996515 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728781A94996515.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Giant vampire bat

|Desmodus draculae

|Eastern South America;
Central America {{small|(Pleistocene)}}Arroyo-Cabrales, J., & Polaco, O.J. (2008) Fossil bats from Mesoamerica. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 66(1), 155-160.

|

|Undetermined.Pardiñas, U.F.J., & Tonni, E.P. (2000) A giant vampire (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Late Holocene from the Argentinean pampas: paleoenvironmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 160(3-4), 213-221.

|Dodo

|Raphus cucullatus

|rowspan="3"|Mauritius

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.Hume, Julian Pender, David M. Martill, and Christopher Dewdney. "Dutch diaries and the demise of the dodo." Nature 429.6992 (2004): 1-1.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Alopochen mauritiana |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728658A94993056 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728658A94993056.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mauritius sheldgoose

|Alopochen mauritiana

|1698
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Aphanapteryx bonasia

|rowspan="4"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by introduced cats.{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = Aphanapteryx bonasia | volume = 2012 | page = e.T22728884A39099824 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22728884A39099824.en }}

|Fulica newtonii

|Mauritius and Réunion

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Fulica newtonii |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728769A94996050 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728769A94996050.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Nycticorax mauritianus

|Mauritius

|Probably hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Nycticorax mauritianus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728777A94996372 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728777A94996372.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mascarene teal

|Anas theodori

|Mauritius; Réunion?

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Anas theodori |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728662A94993214 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728662A94993214.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Imber's petrel

|Pterodroma imberi

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|

|Hunting and predation by introduced cats.

|Mascarene reed cormorant

|Phalacrocorax africanus nanus

|Mauritius and Réunion

|

|Probably hunting and predation by introduced cats.

|Guadeloupe parakeet

|Psittacara labati

|Guadeloupe

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Psittacara labati |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728696A94993878 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728696A94993878.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Rodrigues petrel

|Pterodroma sp.

|rowspan="6"|Rodrigues

|

|Predation by introduced cats and rats.

|Rodrigues rail

|Erythromachus leguati

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Erythromachus leguati | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22728889A94999834 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728889A94999834.en }}

|Mascarenotus murivorus

|Probably hunting, deforestation, and predation by introduced animals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Mascarenotus murivorus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728856A94999047 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728856A94999047.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Necropsar rodericanus

|1761
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn|page= e.T22710836A94263302 |title= Necropsar rodericanus |author= BirdLife International |author-link= BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date= 24 March 2020}}

|Nesoenas rodericanus

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced black rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Nesoenas rodericanus |volume=2017 |page=e.T22728722A119206485 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22728722A119206485.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Nycticorax megacephalus

|1761
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Nycticorax megacephalus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728787A94996659 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728787A94996659.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mauritius wood pigeon

|Columba thiriouxi

|rowspan="2"|Mauritius

|rowspan="2"|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, predation by introduced black rats, and deforestation.

|Nesoenas cicur

|Hunting, predation by introduced mammals, and deforestation.

|Porphyrio caerulescens

|rowspan="2"|Réunion

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn|author=BirdLife International|author-link=BirdLife International|year=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728726A94994728.en |title=Porphyrio caerulescens |access-date=August 23, 2018 }}

|Réunion parakeet

|Psittacula eques eques

|1732

|Hunting and deforestation.{{Cite book| last1 = Cheke | first1 = A. S. | editor1-last = Diamond| editor1-first = A. W.| doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511735769.003 | chapter = An ecological history of the Mascarene Islands, with particular reference to extinctions and introductions of land vertebrates | title = Studies of Mascarene Island Birds | pages = 45–46 | year = 1987 | isbn = 978-0-521-11331-1| publisher = Cambridge University Press }}

|Cylindraspis triserrata

|Lesser Antillean macaw

|Ara guadeloupensis

|Guadeloupe

|

|Undetermined.

|

|Corynanthe brachythyrsus

|Cameroon

|1998 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{Cite iucn | author = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | title = Pausinystalia brachythyrsum | volume = 1998 | page = e.T36157A9978900 | date = 1998 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36157A9978900.en | access-date = 16 December 2017}}

|Atlantic gray whale

|Eschrichtius robustus

|North Atlantic and the Mediterranean

|2007 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Whaling. The same species survives in the Pacific Ocean.Jones, M.L. et al. (2012) The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus. Academic Press, 600 pages.

|Rodrigues parrot

|Necropsittacus rodricanus

|rowspan="2"|Rodrigues

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn|title=Necropsittacus rodricanus |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page= e.T22728851A94998888 |access-date= 2 January 2020}}

|Pezophaps solitaria

|1778
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by introduced cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Pezophaps solitaria |volume=2016 |page=e.T22690062A93259685 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690062A93259685.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Steller's sea cow

|Hydrodamalis gigas

|Bering Sea; Northern Pacific coasts from Japan to Baja California {{small|(Pleistocene)}}

|1768
1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and reduction of kelp as a result of sea otter hunting, which caused proliferation of kelp-eating sea urchins.{{cite iucn |author=Domning, D. |date=2016 |title=Hydrodamalis gigas |volume=2016 |page=e.T10303A43792683 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10303A43792683.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Réunion ibis

|Threskiornis solitarius

|Réunion

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|rowspan="2"|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Threskiornis solitarius |volume=2017 |page=e.T22728791A119423949 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22728791A119423949.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Lophopsittacus bensoni |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728844A94998578 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728844A94998578.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mauritius grey parrot

|Lophopsittacus bensoni

|Mauritius and Réunion

|Ancient Polydamas swallowtail

|Battus polydamas antiquus

|Antigua

|2018

|Undetermined.Grice, H., Hall, P., Mega, N., Nunez-Bustos, E. & Freitas, A.V.L. 2018. Battus polydamas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T110520503A110520514. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T110520503A110520514.en. Accessed on 27 June 2023.

|Porphyrio sp.

|Mahé, Seychelles

|

|Hunting.

|Raiatea parakeet

|Cyanoramphus ulietanus

|Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation, hunting, and predation by introduced species.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Cyanoramphus ulietanus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728673A94993704 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728673A94993704.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Tanna ground dove

|Alopecoenas ferrugineus

|Tanna, Vanuatu

|Hunting?{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Alopecoenas ferrugineus | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22691052A93301514 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691052A93301514.en }}

|?Aplonis ulietensis

|Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|1850
2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly predation by introduced rats.{{cite iucn |title=Raiatea Starling |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |volume=2017 |page=e.T22734867A119212332 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22734867A119212332.en }}

|Tongatapu rail

|Hypotaenidia hypoleucus

|Tongatapu, Tonga

|

|Undetermined.

|Prosobonia ellisi

|Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|rowspan="5"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|rowspan="2"|Predation by introduced rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Prosobonia ellisi |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728772A94996223 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728772A94996223.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Prosobonia leucoptera |volume=2016 |page=e.T22693330A93396439 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693330A93396439.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Prosobonia leucoptera

|Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|Martinique amazon

|Amazona martinicana

|Martinique

|Probably hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Amazona martinicana |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728705A94994181 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728705A94994181.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Amazona violacea

|Guadeloupe

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Amazona violacea |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728701A94994037 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728701A94994037.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Tahiti crake

|Zapornia nigra

|Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|Possibly introduced predators.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Zapornia nigra |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728757A94995544 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728757A94995544.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|White swamphen

|Porphyrio albus

|Lord Howe Island, Australia

|1834
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Porphyrio albus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22692801A93370193 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692801A93370193.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Amsterdam wigeon

|Mareca marecula

|Amsterdam Island, French Southern and Antarctic Lands

|1874
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by introduced rats.

|Eclectus infectus

|Tonga and Vanuatu; Fiji?

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting and predation by introduced mammals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Eclectus infectus |volume=2017 |page=e.T62307504A119208554 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62307504A119208554.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Hypotaenidia sp.

|Vava'u, Tonga

|

|Possibly habitat destruction and introduced predators.

|Bluebuck

|Hippotragus leucophaeus

|Overberg;
South Africa {{small|(Pleistocene)}}

|1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=Kerley, G. |author2=Child, M.F. |date=2017 |title=Hippotragus leucophaeus |volume=2017 |page=e.T10168A50188573 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10168A50188573.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Vegetation change and disruption of migration routes after the Last Glacial Period, competition with domestic cattle, overhunting, and further habitat loss due to agriculture.

|Cylindraspis vosmaeri

| Sooty crayfish

|Pacifastacus nigrescens

| San Francisco Bay, California, United States

| 2010

| Invasive fish and crayfish species, and urban development{{cite iucn |author=Schuster, G.A. |author2=Taylor, C.A. |author3=Cordeiro, J. |date=2010 |title=Pacifastacus nigrescens |volume=2010 |page=e.T15867A5247659 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T15867A5247659.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}

|Smooth handfish

|Sympterichthys unipennis

|Southeastern Tasmania?

|rowspan="2"|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Fishing?{{Cite iucn|last1=International)|first1=Graham Edgar (Conservation|last2=Last (CSIRO)|first2=Peter|last3=Tasmania)|first3=Rick Stuart-Smith (University of|date=2018-05-01|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sympterichthys unipennis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/123423283/123424374|access-date=2020-07-11}}

|Wynberg conebush

|Leucadendron grandiflorum

|Cape Peninsula, South Africa

|Probably habitat destruction.{{cite iucn |author=Rebelo, A.G. |date=2020 |title=Leucadendron grandiflorum |volume=2020 |page=e.T113168368A185558142 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113168368A185558142.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|St. Paul Island duck

|Mareca sp.

|Île Saint-Paul, French Southern and Antarctic Lands

|

|rowspan="3"|Hunting.

|Kangaroo Island emu

|Dromaius baudinianus

|Kangaroo Island, Australia

|1837
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Dromaius baudinianus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22724449A94867311 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724449A94867311.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|King Island emu

|Dromaius minor

|King Island, Australia

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Spotted green pigeon

|Caloenas maculata

|Tahiti, French Polynesia?

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting?Type specimen of unknown provenance. Birds of similar color were described by Tahiti natives in 1928, but were not observed by scientists. {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Caloenas maculata |volume=2016 |page=e.T22734732A95095848 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734732A95095848.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Goniaphea leucocephala

|Madeira, Portugal

|1853

|Undetermined.

|Pomarea pomarea

|Maupiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|rowspan="5"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably introduced species.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Pomarea pomarea |volume=2017 |page=e.T22724444A119193265 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22724444A119193265.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mysterious starling

|Aplonis mavornata

|Mauke, Cook Islands

|Predation by introduced brown rats.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Aplonis mavornata | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22710499A94248417 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710499A94248417.en }}

|Myadestes woahensis

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|Possibly habitat destruction and introduced avian malaria.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Myadestes woahensis |volume=2017 |page=e.T22708564A111775767 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22708564A111775767.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mauritius blue pigeon

|Alectroenas nitidissimus

|Mauritius

|Deforestation.

|Kosrae crake

|Zapornia monasa

|rowspan="2"|Kosrae, Micronesia

|Predation by introduced rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Zapornia monasa |volume=2016 |page=e.T22692708A93366211 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692708A93366211.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Kosrae starling

|Aplonis corvina

|1880
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Aplonis corvina |volume=2016 |page=e.T22710496A94248268 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710496A94248268.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Carpodacus ferreorostris

|rowspan="2"|Bonin Islands, Japan

|1854
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation and predation by introduced cats and rats.There were unconfirmed reports from locals in 1890. {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Carpodacus ferreorostris |volume=2017 |page=e.T22720622A111776645 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22720622A111776645.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Zoothera terrestris

|1889
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced cats and rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Zoothera terrestris |volume=2016 |page=e.T22708535A94163698 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708535A94163698.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Tonga ground skink

|Tachygyia microlepis

|Tonga

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat loss and predation by introduced dogs, pigs, and rats.{{Cite iucn | author = Allison, A., Hamilton, A. & Tallowin, O. | title = Tachygyia microlepis | volume = 2012 | page = e.T21286A2775072 | date = 2012 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T21286A2775072.en }}

|Delalande's coua

|Coua delalandei

|Nosy Boraha, Madagascar

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Deforestation.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Coua delalandei |volume=2016 |page=e.T22684143A93016420 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684143A93016420.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mascarinus mascarin

|Réunion

|1804 {{small|(wild)}}
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |title=Mascarinus mascarin |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685258A93065531 |year=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685258A93065531.en }} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180602000227/http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/22685258/0 old version])

|Ursus arctos crowtheri

|Northern Maghreb

|

|Possibly habitat fragmentation.Hamdine, W. et al. (1998) "Histoire récente de l'ours brun au Maghreb". C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Vie / Life Sciences, Vol. 321, pp. 565-570. Two haplotypes are found in remains from the Vandal and Byzantine periods: one shared with Iberian bears that could have been introduced by humans, and another unique to Africa.Calvignac, S. et al. (2008) "Ancient DNA evidence for the loss of a highly divergent brown bear clade during historical times." Molecular Ecology, Vol. 17: 1962-1970. It is not known which type survived until more recent times.

|Darwin's large ground finch

|Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris

|Floreana and San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands

|1838

|Habitat destruction and introduced predators.

|Oʻahu ʻakialoa

|Akialoa ellisianaUnconfirmed sightings in 1937 and 1940 (IUCN).

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction and introduced disease.{{cite web |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103823212/119549725 |title=Oahu Akialoa |work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) |date= |access-date=2022-07-04}}

|Fregilupus varius

|Réunion

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly introduced disease, hunting, and habitat degradation.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Fregilupus varius |volume=2016 |page=e.T22710840A94263439 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710840A94263439.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Moho apicalis

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|1890
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat loss and introduction of disease-carrying mosquitos.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Moho apicalis |volume=2017 |page=e.T22704329A111776064 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22704329A111776064.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Mascarenotus sauzieri

|Mauritius

|1859
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation, hunting, and predation by introduced mammals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Mascarenotus sauzieri |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728861A94999192 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728861A94999192.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Oʻahu nukupuʻu

|Hemignathus lucidus

|Oahu, Hawaii, United States

|1890

|Undetermined.

|Réunion slit-eared skink

|Gongylomorphus borbonicus

|Réunion

|

|Probably predation by introduced snakes.

|Large Samoan flying fox

|Pteropus coxi

|Samoan Islands

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=Tsang, S.M. |year=2020 |title=Pteropus coxi |volume=2020 |page=e.T84931267A95642285 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84931267A95642285.en |access-date=30 July 2020}}

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Dieffenbach's Rail

|Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|1872
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly introduced predators and habitat loss from fire.{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International| title = Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii | volume= 2016| page = e.T22692455A93354540 | year = 2016}}

|Rodrigues giant day gecko

|Phelsuma gigas

|Rodrigues

|1874

|Possibly introduced Norway rats.Cheke, A. & Hume, J.P. (2009) Lost land of the dodo: The ecological history of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues. T & AD Poyser, London, 480 pages.

|Black-fronted parakeet

|Cyanorhamphus zealandicus

|Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation, hunting, and predation by introduced species.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Cyanoramphus zealandicus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685182A93061882 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685182A93061882.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Daudin's giant tortoise

|Aldabrachelys gigantea daudinii

|Mahé, Seychelles

|

|Undetermined.

|Chelonoidis niger

|Floreana, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting and introduced species. Hybrid descendants of C. niger and C. becki survive in nearby Isabela Island.{{cite iucn |author=van Dijk, P.P. |author2=Rhodin, A.G.J. |author3=Cayot, L.J. |author4=Caccone, A. |date=2017 |title=Chelonoidis niger |volume=2017 |page=e.T9023A3149101 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9023A3149101.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Diceros bicornis bicornis

|Southwestern Africa

|

|Undetermined.Rookmaaker, L.C. & Groves, C.P. (1977) The extinct Cape rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758). In Szugetierkundliche Mitteilwnge, pg. 117-126.

|Prosobonia cancellata

|Kiritimati, Kiribati

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced cats and rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Prosobonia cancellata |volume=2017 |page=e.T62289108A119208101 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62289108A119208101.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Turquoise-throated puffleg

|Eriocnemis godini

|Northern Ecuador

|

|Habitat destruction.There was an unconfirmed sighting in 1976. {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=Eriocnemis godini |volume=2020 |page=e.T22687922A182244989 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22687922A182244989.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Phalacrocorax perspicillatus

|Commander Islands, Russia; Northeast Japan (Pleistocene)Watanabe, J., Matsuoka, H., & Hasegawa, Y. (2018). Pleistocene fossils from Japan show that the recently extinct Spectacled Cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) was a relict. The Auk: Ornithological Advances, 135(4), 895-907.

|1882
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author= BirdLife International |author-link= BirdLife International |year= 2016|page= e.T22696750A93584099 |title= Urile perspicillatus|access-date= 29 February 2020}}

|String tree

|Acalypha rubrinervis

|Central ridge of St Helena island

|1998 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{Cite iucn | author = Lambdon, P.W. & Ellick, S. | title = Acalypha rubrinervis | volume = 2016 | page = e.T37854A67371775 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T37854A67371775.en }}

|Belido

|Chitala lopis

|Northwestern Java, Indonesia

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction for agriculture and urban development.{{cite iucn |author=Ng, H.H. |date=2020 |title=Chitala lopis |volume=2020 |page=e.T157719927A89815479 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T157719927A89815479.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis

|Tasmania, Australia

|

|Hunting.Some animals were said to survive in captivity until the 1870s, but these could have been imported from Australia (Hume, 2017).

|Nestor productus

|Norfolk Island, Australia

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Nestor productus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22684834A93049105 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684834A93049105.en |access-date=18 November 2021}} and habitat destruction by introduced rabbits, pigs, and goats.

|Celestus occiduus

|Jamaica

|

|Extermination by introduced predators such as mongooses.{{NRDB species |genus=Celestus |species=occiduus |access-date=1 January 2022}}

|Letitia's thorntail

|Discosura letitiae

|Bolivia

|

|Undetermined.

|Great auk

|Pinguinus impennis

|North Atlantic and western Mediterranean

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|rowspan="3"|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International.|author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |title=Pinguinus impennis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22694856A93472944 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22694856A93472944.en |access-date=20 December 2020}}{{cite web|url=http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120323201146/http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|url-status=dead|title=După 200 de ani, zimbrul se întoarce în Carpaţi FOTOGALERII|date=23 March 2012|language=ro|archivedate=23 March 2012|website=archive.is}}

|Bison bonasus hungarorum

|Carpathian Mountains, Eastern Europe

|1852

|Lord Howe pigeon

|Columba vitiensis godmanae

|Lord Howe Island, Australia

|

|Small Samoan flying fox

|Pteropus allenorum

|Upolu, Samoa

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Tsang, S.M. |year=2020 |title=Pteropus allenorum |volume=2020 |page=e.T84882966A84882990 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T84882966A84882990.en |access-date=30 July 2020}}

|Kioea

|Chaetoptila angustipluma

|Hawai'i, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii, United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation, hunting, and introduced predators.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Chaetoptila angustipluma |volume=2016 |page=e.T22704348A93964400 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704348A93964400.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Sea mink

|Neovison macrodon

|Atlantic coast of Canada and New England

|2002 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting for the fur trade.{{Cite iucn | author = Helgen, K. & Turvey, S.T. | title = Neovison macrodon | volume = 2016 | page = e.T40784A45204492 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40784A45204492.en }}

|

|Pseudoyersinia brevipennis

|Hyères, France

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=Battiston, R. |date=2020 |title=Pseudoyersinia brevipennis |volume=2020 |page=e.T44792108A44798207 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44792108A44798207.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Riccordia elegans

|Jamaica?

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Chlorostilbon elegans |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728709A94994346 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728709A94994346.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Siphonorhis americana

|Jamaica

|

|Predation by introduced black rats, brown rats, and small Indian mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=Siphonorhis americana |volume=2020 |page=e.T22689738A178420953 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689738A178420953.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|White-footed rabbit rat

|Conilurus albipes

|South-eastern Australia

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly disease spread by introduced rodents.{{cite iucn |author=Woinarski, J. |author2=Burbidge, A.A. |date=2016 |title=Conilurus albipes |volume=2016 |page=e.T5223A22450334 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T5223A22450334.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

|Small Mauritian flying fox

|Pteropus subniger

|Mauritius and Réunion

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and deforestation.{{Cite iucn | author = Mickleburgh, S. | author2 = Hutson, A.M.M. | author3 = Bergmans, W. | author4 = Howell, K. | name-list-style = amp | title = Pteropus subniger | volume = 2008 | page = e.T18761A8580195 | date = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18761A8580195.en | access-date = 12 January 2018}}

|Mbashe River buff

|Deloneura immaculata

|Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Williams, M.C. |date=2020 |title=Deloneura immaculata |volume=2020 |page=e.T6331A168301470 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6331A168301470.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}

|Cape lion

|Panthera leo melanochaita

|Cape Province, South Africa

|

|Extermination campaign.Rossi, L., Scuzzarella, C. M., & Angelici, F. M. (2020). Extinct or Perhaps Surviving Relict Populations of Big Cats: Their Controversial Stories and Implications for Conservation. In Problematic Wildlife II (pp. 393-417). Springer, Cham. Genetics do not support subspecific differentiation between the Cape lion and living lions in Eastern Africa; if placed in a single subspecies, it would be P. l. melanochaita because of being the older name.{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O'Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 11 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}

|Siau scops owl

|Otus manadensis siaoensis

|Siau Island, Indonesia

|

|Deforestation.

|Eastern elk

|Cervus canadensis canadensis

|Eastern North America

|1880U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2016). [https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/lists/extinct.html "Cervus canadensis canadensis (Eastern Elk)" ], fws.gov; retrieved 23 June 2017.

|Hunting. It's been argued (based on genetic data) that most or all elk subspecies in North America are actually the same, which would be C. c. canadensis due to being named first.{{cite iucn |author=Brook, S.M. |author2=Pluháček, J. |author3=Lorenzini, R. |author4=Lovari, S. |author5=Masseti, M. |author6=Pereladova, O. |author7=Mattioli, S. |date=2018 |title=Cervus canadensis |volume=2018 |page=e.T55997823A142396828 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T55997823A142396828.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}[http://pitchstonewaters.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/circle-ranch-are-elk-native.pdf Gill et al. (2013) Are elk native to Texas?]

|Kawaihae hibiscadelphus

|Hibiscadelphus bombycinus

|Kawaihae, Hawaii, United StatesChampion, J.H. (2020) [https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/68954/1/Champion_hawii_0085O_10581.pdf Biogeography and phylogenetics of the Hawaiian endemic Hibiscadelphus, Hau Kuahiwi (Malvaceae).]

|1998 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.

|Huahine warbler

|Acrocephalus musae garretti

|Huahine, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|1921

|Possibly predation by introduced rats.

|North Island snipe

|Coenocorypha barrierensis

|North Island, New Zealand

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced Polynesian rats and feral cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Coenocorypha barrierensis |volume=2016 |page=e.T62178398A95191768 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62178398A95191768.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Raiatea warbler

|Acrocephalus musae musae

|Raiatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia

|

|Undetermined.

|Spined dwarf mantis

|Ameles fasciipennis

|Tolentino, Italy

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat loss to agriculture.{{cite iucn |author=Battiston, R. |date=2020 |title=Ameles fasciipennis |volume=2020 |page=e.T44791445A170111359 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44791445A170111359.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus

|Cape Province, South Africa

|

|Undetermined.Grubb, P., & d'Huart, J.P. (2010) Rediscovery of the Cape warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus: a review. Journal of East African Natural History, 99(2), 77-102.

|Tristan moorhen

|Gallinula nesiotis

|Tristan da Cunha

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, predation by introduced cats, rats, and pigs; and habitat destruction by fire.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Gallinula nesiotis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728763A94995836 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728763A94995836.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Pareudiastes pacificus

|Savai'i, Samoa

|

|Hunting and predation by introduced cats, rats, pigs, and dogs.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=Pareudiastes pacificus |volume=2018 |page=e.T22692854A129449004 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692854A129449004.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Large Palau flying fox

|Pteropus pilosus

|Palau

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly hunting and habitat degradation.{{cite iucn|last1=Bonaccorso|first1=F.J.|last2=Helgen|first2=K.|last3=Allison|first3=A.|year=2019|title=Pteropus pilosus|volume=2019|page=e.T18749A22086230}}

|Coues's gadwall

|Mareca strepera couesi

|Teraina, Line Islands, Kiribati

|1924

|Probably hunting and introduced predators.

|Pteropus brunneus

|Percy Islands, Australia

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat loss.{{cite iucn |author=Tsang, S.M. |year=2020 |title=Pteropus brunneus |volume=2020 |page=e.T18718A22078015 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T18718A22078015.en |access-date=15 December 2020}}

|Newton's parakeet

|Alexandrinus exsul

|Rodrigues

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably habitat loss and hunting. The last pairs may have been killed by the 1876 cyclone season.{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = Psittacula exsul | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22685465A93074571 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685465A93074571.en }}

|Apteryx owenii iredalei

|North Island, New Zealand

|

|Hunting, habitat degradation, and predation by introduced mammals.

|Camptorhynchus labradorius

|Atlantic coast of Canada and New England

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, egg harvesting, and habitat loss.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Camptorhynchus labradorius | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22680418A92862623 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680418A92862623.en }}

|Coturnix novaezelandiae

|New Zealand

|Introduced diseases?{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Coturnix novaezelandiae |volume=2016 |page=e.T22678955A92795779 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678955A92795779.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Potorous platyops

|Western Australia

|1982 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by feral cats and habitat loss.{{cite iucn |author=Burbidge, A.A. |author2=Woinarski, J. |date=2016 |title=Potorous platyops |volume=2016 |page=e.T18103A21960570 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T18103A21960570.en |access-date=18 November 2021}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as extinct

|Falkland Islands wolf

|Dusicyon australis

|Falkland Islands

|1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Extermination campaign.{{cite iucn |author=Sillero-Zubiri, C. |date=2015 |title=Dusicyon australis |volume=2015 |page=e.T6923A82310440 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6923A82310440.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Megapodius sp.

|Raoul, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand

|

|Volcanic eruption.

|Ophrysia superciliosa

|Uttarakhand, India

|

|Hunting and habitat loss.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=Ophrysia superciliosa |volume=2018 |page=e.T22679141A132051220 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679141A132051220.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Brace's emerald

|Riccordia bracei

|New Providence, Bahamas

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Chlorostilbon bracei |volume=2016 |page=e.T22687333A93148138 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687333A93148138.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Oryzomys antillarum

|Jamaica

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Competition with introduced rats, or predation by introduced mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=Turvey, S.T. |author2=Helgen, K. |date=2017 |title=Oryzomys antillarum |volume=2017 |page=e.T136540A22388029 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T136540A22388029.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Navassa Island iguana

|Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis

|Navassa Island

|2011 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably hunting.{{cite iucn |last1=Powell |first1=R. |title=Cyclura onchiopsis |date=2011 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/173001/6955940 |access-date=1 June 2019}}

|Grallaria milleri gilesi

|Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia

|

|Probably deforestation.

|Leiostyla lamellosa

|rowspan="2"|Madeira, Portugal

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Seddon, M.B. |date=2011 |title=Leiostyla lamellosa |volume=2011 |page=e.T11459A3279758 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T11459A3279758.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

|

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn | author = Seddon, M.B. | title = Pseudocampylaea lowii | year = 2011 |amends = 2019 | | page =e.T18487A152186128| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T18487A152186128.en|access-date=30 October 2022}}

|Macquarie Island banded rail

|Hypotaenidia philippensis macquariensis

|South Macquarie Island, Australia

|1894

|Predation by introduced cats, rats, weka, and overgrazing by introduced rabbits.

|Pterodroma caribbaea

|Jamaica; Dominica and Guadeloupe?

|

|Hunting and predation by introduced rats, mongooses, pigs, and dogs.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Pterodroma caribbaea | volume = 2018 | page = e.T22698097A132625182 | date = 2018 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en }}

|Lepidochrysops hypopolia

|South Africa

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Cockburn, K.N.A. |date=2020 |title=Lepidochrysops hypopolia |volume=2020 |page=e.T11537A168301541 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11537A168301541.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}

|Saint Lucia giant rice rat

|Megalomys luciae

|Saint Lucia

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=Turvey, S.T. |author2=Helgen, K. |date=2017 |title=Megalomys luciae |volume=2017 |page=e.T12981A22377126 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T12981A22377126.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Jamaican wood rail

|Amaurolimnas concolor concolor

|Jamaica

|

|Possibly predation by introduced mongooses, cats, and rats.

|Quagga

|Equus quagga quagga

|Cape Province, South Africa

|1889{{Cite book|title=Kloof and Karoo|last=Bryden|first=H.|publisher=Longmans, Green and Co|year=1889|asin=B00CNE0EZC|location=London|pages=393–403|url=https://archive.org/details/kloofkarroosport00brydiala/page/392/mode/2up?q=quagga}}
1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=Hack, M.A. |author2=East, R. |author3=Rubenstein, D.I. |date=2008 |title=Equus quagga ssp. quagga |volume=2008 |page=e.T7957A12876306 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7957A12876306.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Hunting.

|Hawaiian rail

|Zapornia sandwichensis

|Eastern Hawai'i (and Molokai?), United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly hunting and predation by introduced rats, cats, and dogs.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Zapornia sandwichensis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22692693A93364994 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692693A93364994.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Martinique house wren

|Troglodytes aedon martinicensis

|Martinique

|

|Undetermined.

|Vanvoorstia bennettiana

|Port Jackson, Australia

|2003 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat loss and pollution.{{Cite iucn | author = Millar, A.J.K. (Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Australia) | title = Vanvoorstia bennettiana | volume = 2003 | page = e.T43993A10838671 | date = 2003 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T43993A10838671.en }}

|Emperor rat

|Uromys imperator

|rowspan="2"|Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands

|

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=Helgen, K. |author2=Leary, T. |author3=Wright, D |date=2016 |title=Uromys imperator |volume=2016 |page=e.T22803A22447074 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T22803A22447074.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}{{cite iucn |author=Helgen, K. |author2=Leary, T. |author3=Wright, D |date=2016 |title=Uromys porculus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22805A22446647 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T22805A22446647.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}

|Uromys porculus

|

|Lesser Indian rhinoceros

|Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis

|Northeast India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar

|

|Habitat loss, poaching, and deforestation.{{Cite web |title=Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5220112 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}

|Hokkaido wolf

|Canis lupus hattai

|Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Iturup and Kunashir{{cite book|author=Walker, Brett|year=2008|title=The Lost Wolves of Japan|publisher=University of Washington Press}}

|

|Extermination campaign.Knight, J. (1997) "On the extinction of the Japanese wolf." Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, Nº1.{{better source needed|date=March 2021}}

|Cuban macaw

|Ara tricolor

|Cuba and Juventud

|2000 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting for food and the exotic pet trade.

|Columba versicolor

|Bonin Islands, Japan

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Deforestation and predation by introduced cats and rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Columba versicolor |volume=2016 |page=e.T22690218A93265793 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690218A93265793.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Fundulus albolineatus

|Huntsville, Alabama, United States

|1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat destruction.

|Lagorchestes leporides

|Interior southeastern Australia

|1982 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat loss due to livestock grazing and wildfires.{{cite iucn |author=Burbidge, A.A. |author2=Woinarski, J. |year=2016 |title=Lagorchestes leporides |volume=2016 |page=e.T11163A21954274 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11163A21954274.en |access-date=11 January 2020}}{{cite book |author1=Tim Flannery |author2=Peter Schouten |year=2001 |title=A gap in nature |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press |isbn=9780871137975 |url=https://archive.org/details/gapinnature00timf |url-access=registration }}

|Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris

|Chichi-jima and Nakōdo-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan

|

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.Hume, J.P. (2017) Extinct Birds. Bloomsbury Publishing, 560 pages.{{cite iucn |author= Fukui, D. & Sano, A. |title= Pipistrellus sturdeei |year= 2020|page= e.T17365A22123157|access-date=10 July 2020}}

|Pipistrellus sturdeei

|Haha-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Portuguese ibex

|Capra pyrenaica lusitanica

|Portuguese-Galician border

|

|Hunting.

|New Caledonian railUnconfirmed report in 1984 (IUCN).

|Cabalus lafresnayanus

|New Caledonia

|

|Probably predation by introduced dogs, cats, pigs, and rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Gallirallus lafresnayanus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22692388A93351848 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692388A93351848.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Cyanoramphus erythrotis

|Macquarie Island, Australia

|1894

|Increased predation by introduced cats and weka after rabbits were introduced, boosting their numbers.Taylor, R.H. (1979) "How the Macquarie Island parakeet became extinct." New Zealand Journal of Ecology, pp. 42-45.

|Hemignathus hanapepe

|Kaua'i, Hawaii, United States

|

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|New Zealand bittern

|Ixobrychus novaezelandiae

|New Zealand

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Ixobrychus novaezelandiae |volume=2016 |page=e.T22697307A93607264 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697307A93607264.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Sulu bleeding-heartUnconfirmed reports until 1995 (Hume, 2017).

|Gallicolumba menagei

|Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines

|

|Possibly deforestation and hunting.

|Hypotaenidia sp.

|Raoul, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand

|1944

|Predation by introduced cats or rats.

|Rhodacanthis flaviceps

|Hawai'i Island, Hawaii, United States

|1893
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Rhodacanthis flaviceps |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720745A94681389 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720745A94681389.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Maui Nui ʻakialoa

|Akialoa lanaiensis

|Lana'i, Hawaii, United States

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction and introduced disease.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Akialoa lanaiensis | volume = 2017 | page = e.T103823431A119549974 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103823431A119549974.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}

|Ciridops anna

|Hawai'i Island, Hawaii, United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Ciridops anna |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720840A94686158 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720840A94686158.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Nyctimene sanctacrucis

|Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined. Could be conspecific with the Island tube-nosed fruit bat.{{cite iucn |author=Leary, T. |author2=Helgen, K. |author3=Hamilton, S. |year=2020 |title=Nyctimene sanctacrucis |volume=2020 |page=e.T14961A22008025 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14961A22008025.en |access-date=13 July 2020}}

|Oligoryzomys victus

|St. Vincent

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably predation by introduced brown rats, black rats, and mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=Turvey, S.T. |author2=Dávalos, L. |date=2019 |title=Oligoryzomys victus |volume=2019 |page=e.T15255A22357957 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15255A22357957.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Poodytes rufescens

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat loss and predation by introduced cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Poodytes rufescens |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728902A95000164 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728902A95000164.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Psittacara maugei

|Puerto Rico and Mona Island

|

|Possibly deforestation, hunting, and disease.

|Zosterops semiflavus

|Marianne Island, Seychelles

|1940
2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Deforestation, competition with introduced birds and predation by back rats.

|Chatham rail

|Cabalus modestus

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat destruction, predation and competition with introduced mammals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Cabalus modestus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728873A94999473 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728873A94999473.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Harelip sucker

|Lagochila lacera

|Southeastern United States

|1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly water siltation and pollution.

|Psittacula wardi

|Seychelles

|1906
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and habitat loss to agriculture.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Palaeornis wardi |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685437A93073309 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685437A93073309.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Sloane's urania

|Urania sloanus

|Jamaica

|1908

|Habitat loss and natural disasters.Lees, D.C. & Smith, N.G. (1991). [http://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/1990s/1991/1991-45%284%29296-Lees.pdf "Foodplants of the Uraniinae (Uraniinae) and their Systematic, Evolutionary and Ecological Significance"]. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 45: 297-347. Retrieved August 3, 2015.

|Kona grosbeak

|Chloridops kona

|Hawai'i Island, Hawaii, United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Chloridops kona |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728825A94998118 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728825A94998118.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Porhyrio mantelli

|North Island, New Zealand

|2000 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Climate-induced reduction of grasslands and hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Porphyrio mantelli |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728833A94998264 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728833A94998264.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Hawkins's rail

|Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|2005 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi |volume=2017 |page=e.T22733394A119260892 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22733394A119260892.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Traversia lyalli

|New Zealand

|1895
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat loss and predation by introduced cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Traversia lyalli |volume=2016 |page=e.T22698593A93691279 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22698593A93691279.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Greater koa finch

|Rhodacanthis palmeri

|Hawai'i Island, Hawaii, United States

|1906
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction and introduced avian malaria.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Rhodacanthis palmeri |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720749A94681538 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720749A94681538.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Canis lupus beothucus

|Newfoundland, Canada

|

|Hunting.Glover, A. (1942), Extinct and vanishing mammals of the western hemisphere, with the marine species of all the oceans, American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, pp. 205-206.

|Madeiran wood pigeon

|Columba palumbus maderensis

|Madeira, Portugal

|1924

|Undetermined.{{cite web|author=Prins, G |title=Columba palumbus maderensis |url=http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/zma3d/detail.php?id=192&sort=taxon&type=family |publisher=Zoological Museum Amsterdam |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717025326/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/zma3d/detail.php?id=192&sort=taxon&type=family |archivedate=2011-07-17 }} Retrieved 9 August 2010

|Gull Island vole

|Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus

|Great Gull and Little Gull Islands, New York

|

|Habitat destruction.{{Cite web |last=Heywood |first=N. C. |title=Gull Island Vole |url=http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/heywood/Geog358/extinctm/GulIVole.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317033742/http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/heywood/Geog358/extinctm/GulIVole.htm |archive-date=March 17, 2005}}

|Megalomys desmarestii

|Martinique

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=Turvey, S.T. |author2=Helgen, K. |date=2017 |title=Megalomys desmarestii |volume=2017 |page=e.T12980A22377057 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T12980A22377057.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Oryzomys nelsoni

|Central María Madre Island, Mexico

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Competition with introduced black rats.{{cite iucn |author=Timm, R. |author2=Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. |author3=Lacher, T. |date=2017 |title=Oryzomys nelsoni |volume=2017 |page=e.T15583A22388135 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15583A22388135.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Pipilio maculatus consobrinus

|rowspan="2"|Guadalupe Island, Mexico

|1954

|Habitat destruction by introduced goats and predation by cats.

|Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda

|1906

|Habitat destruction by introduced goats.

|Turnagra capensis minor

|Stephens Island, New Zealand

|1898

|Predation by introduced cats.

|Culebra Island amazon

|Amazona vittata gracilipes

|Culebra Island of Puerto Rico

|1912

|Deforestation and persecution by crop farmers.

|Drepanis pacifica

|Hawai'i Island, Hawaii, United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, habitat destruction, and introduced disease.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Drepanis pacifica |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720848A94686625 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720848A94686625.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Caucasian moose

|Alces alces caucasicus

|Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian shore of the Black SeaBoeskorov, G.G. (2003) The genetics of the modern moose and a review of its taxonomy. Cranium 20, Vol. 2: 31-45.

|

|Hunting. The subspecies' validity is questioned because moose from Russia recolonized the Caucasian moose's former range naturally over the 20th century.Sipko, T.P. & Kholodova, M.V. (2009) Fragmentation of Eurasian moose populations during periods of population depression. Alces, Vol. 45: 25-34

|Borikenophis sanctaecrucis

|Saint Croix, United States Virgin Islands

|

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn|author=Platenberg R., Powell R.|title=Borikenophis sanctaecrucis|year=2016|errata=2017|page=e.T40791A115177079|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T40791A71740001.en|access-date=15 December 2017}}

|Coregonus hiemalis

|Lake Geneva

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Eutrophication and overfishing.{{cite iucn |author=Freyhof, J. |author2=Kottelat, M. |date=2008 |title=Coregonus hiemalis |volume=2008 |page=e.T135671A4175929 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135671A4175929.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Lord Howe long-eared bat

|Nyctophilus howensis

|Lord Howe Island, Australia

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly predation by introduced owls and rats.{{cite iucn| last1=Lumsden| first1= L.F.| last2= Reardon| first2= T.B.| year= 2020| title= Nyctophilus howensis| volume= 2020| page= e.T15006A22009211}}

|Leafshell

|Epioblasma flexuosa

|Tennessee, Cumberland, and Ohio River systems, United States

|1983 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.[https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.108324/Epioblasma_flexuosa NatureServe Explorer]

|Car Nicobar sparrowhawkUnconfirmed report from 1977 (Hume, 2017).

|Accipiter butleri butleri

|Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands

|1995

|Habitat destruction.

|Chaeropus ecaudatus

|Interior Australia

|1982 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by feral cats and red foxes.{{cite iucn |author=Burbidge, A.A. |author2=Woinarski, J. |date=2016 |title=Chaeropus ecaudatus |volume=2016 |page=e.T4322A21965168 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4322A21965168.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Epioblasma propinqua

|Tennessee, Cumberland, Wabash, and Ohio River systems, United States

|1983 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.[https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.117051/Epioblasma_propinqua NatureServe]

|Viridonia sagittirostris

|Wailuku river, Hawai'i Island, United States

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat destruction for sugarcane agriculture.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Viridonia sagittirostris |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720784A94682950 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720784A94682950.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Rocky Mountain locust

|Melanoplus spretus

|Rocky Mountains and North American Prairie

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}{{cite iucn |author=Hochkirch, A. |title=Melanoplus spretus |volume=2014 |date=2014 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T51269349A55309428.en }}

|Breeding habitat loss due to irrigation and cattle ranching.

|Mergus australis

|South, Stewart, and Auckland Island, New Zealand

|1910
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and predation by introduced animals.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Mergus australis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22680496A92864737 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680496A92864737.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Turnagra tanagra

|North Island, New Zealand

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction, hunting, and predation by introduced cats and rats.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Turnagra tanagra | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22728820A94997902 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728820A94997902.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}

|Bulldog rat

|Rattus nativitatis

|Christmas Island, Australia

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Introduction of black rats.{{cite journal|vauthors=Wyatt KB, Campos PF, Gilbert MT, Kolokotronis SO, Hynes WH, etal|year=2008|title=Historical mammal extinction on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) correlates with introduced infectious disease|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=11|page=e3602|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0003602|pmc=2572834|pmid=18985148|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.3602W|doi-access=free}}

|Guadalupe caracara

|Caracara lutosa

|Guadalupe Island, Mexico

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Extermination campaign.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Caracara lutosa |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728892A94999996 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728892A94999996.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Stypodon signifer

|Southern Coahuila, Mexico

|1983 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat degradation and pollution.

|Choiseul pigeon

|Microgoura meeki

|Choiseul, Solomon Islands

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by feral dogs and cats.{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = Microgoura meeki | volume= 2012 | page = e.T22691086A39248835 | year = 2012 | ref={{harvid|BirdLife|2012}}| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22691086A39248835.en }}

|Japanese wolfUnconfirmed reports between 1910 and 1996. Yoshiyuki M., Imaizumi Y., Record of Canis hodophirax Temminck, 1839 captured in the garden of the Castle of Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.Ishiguro, Naotaka; Inoshima, Yasuo; Shigehara, Nobuo (2009). "Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Japanese Wolf (Canis Lupus Hodophilax Temminck, 1839) and Comparison with Representative Wolf and Domestic Dog Haplotypes". Zoological Science. 26 (11): 765–70Morita M., Yagi H., 2015, Size estimation of so-called "Chichibu wild dog" from photographs: comparison with known structures and application of super-impose method., ISSN 1345-1987, Animate (12), pp. 1–10 (pdf)

|Canis lupus hodophilax

|Honshū, Shikoku and Kyūshū, Japan

|

|Hunting and a rabies-like epidemic.

|Turnagra capensis

|South Island, New Zealand

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction and predation by introduced rats.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Turnagra capensis | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22705595A94026176 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22705595A94026176.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}

|Chatham bellbird

|Anthornis melanocephala

|Chatham Islands, New Zealand

|1938
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat destruction, predation by rats and cats, and overhunting by collectionists.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Anthornis melanocephala |volume=2016 |page=e.T22728814A94997726 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728814A94997726.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Colaptes auratus rufipileus

|Guadalupe Island, Mexico

|1922

|Habitat destruction and predation by introduced goats and cats.

|Black mamo

|Drepanis funerea

|Molokai and Maui, Hawaii, United States

|rowspan="2"|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat destruction by introduced cattle and deer, and predation by introduced rats and mongooses.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Drepanis funerea |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720852A94686803 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720852A94686803.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Heteralocha acutirostris

|rowspan="2"|North Island, New Zealand

|Hunting and deforestation of old growth forests to make pastures for livestock.

|Rallicola extinctus

|1990

|Extinction of its host.Mey, Eberhard (1990): Eine neue ausgestorbene Vogel-Ischnozere von Neuseeland, Huiacola extinctus (Insecta, Phthiraptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger 224(1/2): 49-73

|Assumption rail

|Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti

|Assumption Island, Seychelles

|1937

|Hunting, habitat destruction, and predation by introduced rats.

|Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis

|Siquijor, Philippines

|

|Possibly deforestation and capture for the pet trade.

|Sydney's Northern Beaches, Australia

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably habitat destruction.{{cite iucn |author=Auld, T. |author2=Weston, P. |date=2020 |title=Persoonia laxa |volume=2020 |page=e.T113204000A113309830 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113204000A113309830.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi

|Alejandro Selkirk Island?, Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile

|

|Probably deforestation, predation and erosion caused by introduced cats, rats, goats, and rabbits, and competition of introduced plants with the nesting tree Luma apiculata.

|Rangifer tarandus dawsoni

|Graham Island, British Columbia, Canada

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting by indigenous people and European settlers, habitat loss via clearcutting, and competition with black-tailed deer.{{Cite book |last=Day |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/vanishedspecies0000dayd/page/196/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Vanished Animals |publisher=Gallery Books |year=1989 |pages=196 |isbn=978-0-8317-2782-6 |language=English}}

|Cumberland leafshell

|Epioblasma stewardsonii

|Tennessee and Coosa River systems, United States

|1983 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.[https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.118212/Epioblasma_stewardsonii NatureServe]

|Heliantelus zusii

|Northern Andes?

|

|Possibly deforestation.

|Equus ferus ferus

|Europe

|

|Hunting and hybridization with domestic horses.In captivity. Last seen in the wild in 1879. Tadeusz Jezierski, Zbigniew Jaworski: Das Polnische Konik. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Bd. 658, Westarp Wissenschaften, Hohenwarsleben 2008

|Southwestern thick-billed grasswren

|Amytornis textilis macrourus

|Southwest Australia

|

|Drought and overgrazing by livestock and introduced mammals.

|Oncorhynchus clarki macdonaldi

|Twin Lakes, Colorado, United States

|

|Hybridization with rainbow trout and competition with lake trout, both introduced.

|Quiscalus palustris

|Lerma River and Xochimilco, Mexico

|1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Draining of marshlands.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Quiscalus palustris |volume=2016 |page=e.T22724314A94859972 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724314A94859972.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Iwo Jima rail

|Amaurornis cinerea breviceps

|Naka Iwo Jima and Minami Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands, Japan

|

|Habitat clearance for agriculture and predation by introduced cats and rats.

|Turnix novaecaledoniae

|New Caledonia

|

|Hunting, habitat degradation and predation by introduced animals.{{cite iucn|url= https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22734789/95096865|title=Turnix novaecaledoniae |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=2021-07-18}}

|Namoi Valley thick-billed grasswren

|Amytornis textilis inexpectatus

|Central New South Wales, Australia

|

|Undetermined.

|Chioninia coctei

|Cape Verde

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by feral cats.{{cite iucn |author=Vasconcelos, R. |date=2013 |title=Chioninia coctei |volume=2013 |page=e.T13152363A13152374 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T13152363A13152374.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Oceanodroma macrodactyla

|Guadalupe Island, Mexico

|

|Predation by feral cats, and habitat degradation by goat grazing.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=Hydrobates macrodactylus |volume=2018 |page=e.T22698530A132651919 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698530A132651919.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Porzana pusilla mira

|Borneo

|

|Deforestation?

|Laysan millerbird

|Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris

|Laysan, Hawaii, United States

|1923

|Habitat destruction by introduced rabbits.

|Charmosyna diadema

|New Caledonia

|1998

|Undetermined.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=Charmosyna diadema |volume=2019 |page=e.T22684689A156512185 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22684689A156512185.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Passenger pigeonIn captivity. Last confirmed sighting in the wild in 1901. Greenberg, J. (2014) A Feathered River Across the Sky: The Passenger Pigeon's Flight to Extinction. New York: Bloomsbury USA. {{ISBN|978-1-62040-534-5}}.Unconfirmed sightings in the wild between 1902 and 1907. Fuller, E. (2014). The Passenger Pigeon. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-16295-9}}.

|Ectopistes migratorius

|Eastern North America

|rowspan="2"|1986 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting and habitat loss.

|Ninox albifacies

|New Zealand

|Competition or predation by introduced stoats and cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Sceloglaux albifacies |volume=2016 |page=e.T22689496A93232295 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22689496A93232295.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Kenai Peninsula wolf

|Canis lupus alces

|Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, United States

|

|Extermination campaign.

|New Caledonian owlet-nightjar

|Aegotheles savesi

|Southwestern New Caledonia

|

|rowspan="2"|Undetermined.

|Cayenne nightjar

|Antrostomus maculosus

|Northwestern French Guiana

|

|Phelsuma edwardnewtonii

|Rodrigues

|2021 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly deforestation and predation by introduced rats and cats.[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17432631/17432636 IUCN]

|Dirk Hartog thick-billed grasswren

|Amytornis textilis carteri

|Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia

|

|Predation by introduced rats.

|Zosterops strenuus

|Conuropsis carolinensis

|Eastern and central United States

|rowspan="2"|1940 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hunting, habitat loss, and competition with introduced bees.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Conuropsis carolinensis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685776A93087087 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685776A93087087.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Dysmorodrepanis munroi

|Lana'i, Hawaii, United States

|Habitat destruction for pineapple agriculture, and predation by introduced cats and rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Dysmorodrepanis munroi |volume=2017 |page=e.T22720738A111776369 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22720738A111776369.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Bernard's wolf

|Canis lupus bernardi

|Banks Island, Canada

|

|Undetermined. It's been suggested that Bernard's wolf should be merged with the extant arctic wolf or other wolves from the continent.

|Appalachian Barbara's buttons

|Marshallia grandiflora

|Henderson and Polk counties, North Carolina, United States

|2020

|Undetermined.[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Marshallia+grandiflora Marshallia grandiflora] NatureServe

|Florida black wolf

|Canis rufus floridanus

|Eastern United States

|

|Hunting and habitat loss.Parker, W.T. (1990) Red Wolf Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 110 pages.

|True fera

|Coregonus fera

|Lake Geneva

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Eutrophication and overfishing.{{cite iucn |author=Freyhof, J. |author2=Kottelat, M. |date=2008 |title=Coregonus fera |volume=2008 |page=e.T135627A4165119 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135627A4165119.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Great Plains wolf[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164113#page/180/mode/1up A Biological Survey of North Dakota], Vernon, B. (1926) North American Fauna, Number 49: pp. 150–156.

|Canis lupus nubilus

|North American prairie

|1926{{cite web |url=https://www.fws.gov/news/Historic/NewsReleases/1964/19640706.pdf|title=News Release|last1=Cook|date=6 July 1964|website=Fish and Wildlife Service|publisher=United States Department of the Interior|page=I|access-date=26 January 2018|quote=Extinct Mammals of the United States: Plains wolf, Canus lupus nubilus (1926) — Great Plains}}

|Extermination campaign. The Great Plains wolf has been later determined to be continuous morphologicallyChambers, S. M., Fain, S. R., Fazio, B., & Amaral, M. (2012). An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses. North American Fauna, (77), 1-67. and genetically{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02389.x|pmid=15643947|title=FAST TRACK: Legacy lost: Genetic variability and population size of extirpated US grey wolves (Canis lupus)|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=14|issue=1|pages=9–17|year=2004|last1=Leonard|first1=Jennifer A.|last2=Vilà|first2=Carles|last3=Wayne|first3=Robert K.|s2cid=11343074}} with the still existing Mexican wolf, which would use the name C. l. nubilus if placed in the same subspecies, due to being the older one.

|Ptilinopus mercierii

|Marquesas, French Polynesia

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced great horned owls, rats, and cats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Ptilinopus mercierii |volume=2016 |page=e.T22691495A93314660 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691495A93314660.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Norfolk Island starling

|Aplonis fusca fusca

|Norfolk Island, Australia

|1968
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Undetermined.

|Himatione fraithii

|Laysan, Hawaii, United States

|2016 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat destruction by introduced rabbits.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Himatione fraithii | volume = 2017 | page = e.T103829706A119553201 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103829706A119553201.en }}

|Monteverdia lineata

|Western Cuba

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Possibly habitat degradation.{{cite iucn |author=Gonzalez-Oliva, L. |date=2020 |title=Monteverdia lineata |volume=2020 |page=e.T147088627A149821996 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T147088627A149821996.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Round combshell

|Epioblasma personata

|Tennessee, Wabash, and Ohio River systems, United States

|

|Undetermined.[https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.110159/Epioblasma_personata NatureServe]

|Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina

|Lord Howe Island, Australia

|1928

|Probably predation by introduced rats.

|Ursus arctos californicus

|California, United States

|

|Hunting.Storer, T.I. & Tevis, L.P. (1996) California Grizzly. University of California Press, 335 pages.

|Bubal hartebeest

|Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus

|North Africa and Southern Levant

|

|Hunting.Harper, F. (1945) Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, 850 pages.

|Anthony's woodrat

|Neotoma bryanti anthonyi

|Isla Todos Santos, Mexico

|2008 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by feral cats.{{cite iucn |author=Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. |author2=Castro-Arellano, I. |date=2018 |title=Neotoma bryanti ssp. anthonyi |volume=2018 |page=e.T14576A124171511 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14576A124171511.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Thick-billed ground dove

|Alopecoenas salamonis

|Solomon Islands

|2005 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably habitat destruction, hunting, and predation by introduced cats and rats.{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = Alopecoenas salamonis | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22691056A93301654 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691056A93301654.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}

|Bison bonasus caucasicus

|Caucasus Mountains

|

|Hunting. Hybrid descendants exist in captivity, and have been reintroduced to the wild.Puzek, Z.; et al. (2002). European Bison Bison bonasus: Current State of the Species and an Action Plan for Its Conservation. Bialowieza: Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences.

|Chasmistes muriei

|Snake River, United States

|

|Hybridization with the Utah sucker after dams changed the river's flow.

|Equus hemionus hemippus

|Near East

|

|Hunting.{{cite news | author =Peter Maas | title =Equus hemionus hemippus | publisher =The Extinction Website | url =http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/syrianwildass.htm | access-date =2009-11-20 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100506003501/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/syrianwildass.htm | archive-date =2010-05-06 }}

|Ochrosia kilaueaensis

|Hawai'i, Hawaii, United States

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat degradation by introduced plants, goats, and fires.{{cite iucn |author=Keir, M. |date=2020 |title=Ochrosia kilaueaensis |volume=2020 |page=e.T33562A83804687 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T33562A83804687.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Viola cryana

|Cry, Yonne, France

|2011 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Overcollection by botanists and limestone quarrying.{{cite iucn |author=Juillet, N. |date=2011 |title=Viola cryana |volume=2011 |page=e.T165210A5990668 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165210A5990668.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Utah Lake sculpin

|Cottus echinatus

|Utah Lake, Utah, United States

|

|Increased water pollution and salinity caused by agriculture, and introduced fishes. The last individuals may have been killed by drought in the 1930s.

|Gerygone insularis

|Lord Howe Island, Australia

|1936
1988 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Predation by introduced rats.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Gerygone insularis |volume=2016 |page=e.T22704724A93982219 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704724A93982219.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Nilopegamys plumbeus

|Northwestern Ethiopia

|

|Habitat destruction.{{cite web|title=Scientific Illustration|url=http://scientificillustration.tumblr.com/post/72313444781/rhamphotheca-the-story-of-an-elusive-rodent-on|access-date=2019-04-18|website=Scientific Illustration}}{{Cite iucn | author = Kerbis Peterhans, J. | author2 = Lavrenchenko, L. | name-list-style = amp | title = Nilopegamys plumbeus | volume = 2008 | page = e.T40766A10363474 | date = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40766A10363474.en }}

|Psephotellus pulcherrimus

|Eastern Australia

|1994 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Probably habitat degradation.{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Psephotellus pulcherrimus |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685156A93061054 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685156A93061054.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Tetradactylus eastwoodae

|Limpopo, South Africa

|1996 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Habitat loss.{{cite iucn |author=Bates, M.F. |author2=Jacobsen, N. |date=2018 |title=Tetradactylus eastwoodae |volume=2018 |page=e.T21663A115653635 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T21663A115653635.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

|Pholidoscelis cineraceus

|Guadeloupe

|2015 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Hurricane.{{citation |last1=Lorvelec |first1=Olivier |last2=Pascal |first2=Michel |last3=Pavis |first3=Claudie |last4=Feldmann |first4=Philippe |name-list-style=amp |title=Amphibians and reptiles of the French West Indies: Inventory, threats and conservation |journal=Applied Herpetology |year=2007 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=131–161 |doi=10.1163/157075407780681356|s2cid=54651514 }}

|Perameles papillon

|Nullarbor plain, Australia

|

|Predation by feral cats and red foxes, habitat degradation, and changes in the fire regime.Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2021). Listing Advice Perameles papillon Nullarbor Barred Bandicoot. Canberra: Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/89865-listing-advice-03032021.pdf

|

|Acalypha wilderi

|Northwestern Rarotonga, Cook Islands

|2014 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Deforestation for agriculture and housing development. Doubts exist about it being distinct from still living A. raivavensis and A. tubuaiensis; if indeed the same, the older name A. wilderi prevails.{{cite iucn |author=de Lange, P. |author2=Martin, T. |author3=McCormack, G. |date=2014 |title=Acalypha wilderi |volume=2014 |page=e.T199821A2612719 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T199821A2612719.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Melopyrrha grandis

|Saint Kitts

|1972

|Deforestation?

|Pareudiastes silvestris

|Makira, Solomon Islands

|

|Probably predation by introduced cats and rats.

|Western Senegal

|2020 {{small|(IUCN)}}

|Draining of wetland habitat.{{cite iucn |author=Mesterházy, A. |date=2020 |title=Scleria chevalieri |volume=2020 |page=e.T140414966A140414986 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T140414966A140414986.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

|Western rufous bristlebird

|Dasyornis broadbenti littoralis

|Southwestern Australia

|

|Burning of shrublands for pasture and predation by introduced cats.