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1932

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}

{{About year|1932}}

{{Events by month|1932}}

{{Year nav|1932}}

{{C20 year in topic}}

{{Year article header|1932}}

{{TOC limit|2}}

Events

=January=

{{Main|January 1932}}

=February=

{{Main|February 1932}}

=March=

{{Main|March 1932}}

=April=

{{Main|April 1932}}

=May=

{{Main|May 1932}}

=June=

{{Main|June 1932}}

=July=

{{Main|July 1932}}

=August=

{{Main|August 1932}}

  • August – A farmers' revolt begins in the Midwestern United States.
  • August 1
  • The second International Polar Year, an international scientific collaboration, begins.
  • Forrest Mars produces the first Mars bar in his Slough factory in the UK.{{cite web|url=http://www.sopse.org.uk/ixbin/hixclient.exe?a=query&p=slough&f=generic_theme%2ehtm&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&%3dtheme_record_id=sl%2dsl%2dmars&s=MUhpLhrsY1I|title=Mars – the chocolate planet|work=Slough History Online|access-date=2010-02-08}}
  • August 2 – The first positron is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.
  • August 5 – Hitler meets with Schleicher and reneges on the "gentlemen's agreement", demanding that he be appointed Chancellor.{{cite book|authorlink=John Wheeler-Bennett|last=Wheeler-Bennett|first=John|title=The Nemesis of Power|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|year=1967|page=257}} Schleicher agrees to support Hitler as Chancellor provided that he can remain minister of defense.{{cite book|authorlink=Ian Kershaw|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|title=Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris|location=New York|publisher=Norton|year=1998|isbn=978-0-393-04671-7|page=371}} Schleicher sets up a meeting between Hindenburg and Hitler on August 13 to discuss Hitler's possible appointment as Chancellor.
  • August 6
  • The first Venice Film Festival is held.
  • In Germany, the world's first Autobahn is opened by Konrad Adenauer (Bundesautobahn 555).
  • Carl Gustaf Ekman resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden and is replaced by his Minister of Finance Felix Hamrin.
  • August 9 – In Germany:
  • The Papen government, which likes to take a tough "law and order" stance, passes via Article 48 a law prescribing the death penalty for a variety of offenses and with the court system simplified so that the courts can hand down as many death sentences as possible.{{cite book|authorlink=Ian Kershaw|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|title=Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris|location=New York|publisher=Norton|year=1998|isbn=978-0-393-04671-7|page=382}}
  • Potempa Murder of 1932: In the eastern town of Potempa, five Nazi "Brownshirts" break into the house of Konrad Pietrzuch, a Communist miner, and proceed to castrate and beat him to death in front of his mother.{{cite book|authorlink=Ian Kershaw|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|title=Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris|location=New York|publisher=Norton|year=1998|isbn=978-0-393-04671-7|page=381}}
  • August 10 – A 5.1 kg chondrite-type meteorite breaks into fragments and strikes earth near the town of Archie, Missouri, United States.
  • August 11 – To celebrate Constitution Day in Germany, Chancellor Franz von Papen and his interior minister Baron Wilhelm von Gayl present proposed amendments to the Weimar constitution for a "New State" to deal with the problems besetting Germany.{{cite book|authorlink=Ian Kershaw|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|title=Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris|location=New York|publisher=Norton|year=1998|isbn=978-0-393-04671-7|page=372}}
  • August 13 – Hitler meets President von Hindenburg and asks to be appointed as Chancellor.{{cite book|authorlink=Ian Kershaw|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|title=Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris|location=New York|publisher=Norton|year=1998|isbn=978-0-393-04671-7|page=373}} Hindenburg refuses under the grounds that Hitler is not qualified to be Chancellor and asks him instead to serve as Vice-Chancellor in Papen's government. Hitler announces his "all or nothing" strategy in which he will oppose any government not headed by himself and will accept no office other than Chancellor.
  • August 18 – Auguste Piccard reaches an altitude of {{convert|16197|m|ft|abbr=on}} with a hot air balloon.
  • August 18–19 – Scottish aviator Jim Mollison becomes the first pilot to make an East-to-West solo transatlantic flight, from Portmarnock, County Dublin, Ireland to RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge, New Brunswick, Canada, in his de Havilland Puss Moth high-wing monoplane The Heart's Content.
  • August 20 – The Ottawa conference ends with the adoption of Imperial Preference tariff, turning the British Empire into one economic zone with a series of tariffs meant to exclude non-empire states from competing within the markets of Britain; the Dominions; and the rest of the empire.
  • August 22 – Potempa murder: The five SA men involved in the torture and murder of Konrad Pietrzuch are quickly convicted and sentenced to death under the new law introduced by the Papen government. The Potempa case becomes a cause célèbre in Germany, where some maintain the death sentences are appropriate given the brutality of the torture and murder, whilst Nazis demonstrate for amnesty for the "Potempa five" on the grounds they are patriotic heroes, justified in killing the Communist Pietrzuch, and should not be executed. Hitler sends a telegram congratulating the five and they are released from jail in 1933 after he becomes Chancellor of Germany.{{cite book|authorlink=Michael Burleigh|last=Burleigh|first=Michael|title=The Third Reich: A New History|location=New York|publisher=Hill & Wang|year=2000|page=159|isbn=0-8090-9325-1}}
  • August 23 – The Panama Civil Aviation Authority is established.
  • August 30 – Hermann Göring is elected as Speaker of the German Reichstag.
  • August 31 – A total solar eclipse is visible from northern Canada through northeastern Vermont, New Hampshire, southwestern Maine and the Capes of Massachusetts.

=September=

{{Main|September 1932}}

  • September 2 – Despite the court's sentence of death against the "Potempa five", Chancellor von Papen in his capacity as Reich Commissioner of Prussia refuses to have the "Potempa five" executed under the grounds that they were not aware of the emergency law at the time they committed the murder, but in reality because he is still hoping for Nazi support for his government.
  • September 9
  • The {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} (Parliament) of the Second Spanish Republic approves the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia which grants full autonomy for Catalonia for the first time in modern history.
  • Beginning of the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia because of delimitation problems and others.
  • September 10 – The IND Eighth Avenue Line, at this time the world's longest subway line ({{convert|31|mi|km}}), begins operation in Manhattan.{{cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm |title=New York City Transit – History and Chronology|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|year=2009|access-date=2012-01-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019203759/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm|archive-date=2002-10-19}}
  • September 11
  • Canadian operations end on the International Railway (New York–Ontario).
  • A bronze statue of Youssef Bey Karam{{cite web|url=https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden|title=Youssef Bey Karam|work=Ehden Family Tree|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329220258/https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden|url-status=dead}} is erected in his memory outside the Cathedral of Saint Georges, Ehden in Lebanon.
  • September 12 – The very unpopular Papen government in Germany is defeated on a massive motion of no-confidence in the Reichstag. With the exceptions of the German People's Party and the German National People's Party, every party in the Reichstag votes for the no-confidence motion. Papen has Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag for new elections in November.
  • September 17
  • A speech by Laureano Gómez leads to the escalation of the Leticia Incident between Colombia and Peru.
  • Start of the Han–Liu War over Shandong.
  • September 20 – Mahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike in Poona prison, India.
  • September 22 – Soviet famine of 1932–33 begins; millions starve to death as a result of forced collectivization and as part of the government's effort to break rural resistance to its policies. The Soviet regime denies the famine and allows the deaths.
  • September 23 – The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is proclaimed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, concluding the country's unification under the rule of King Abdulaziz.
  • September 24 – After his party's victory in the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Social Democrat Per Albin Hansson becomes the new prime minister of Sweden, after Felix Hamrin.
  • September 27 – Ryutin Affair at its height in the Soviet Union. The Politburo meets and condemns the so-called "Ryutin Platform" and agrees to expel those associated with it from the Communist Party, but refuses Stalin's request to execute those associated with the Platform.
  • September 28 – The court of Helsinki sentences Vilho Kallio, Ville Saari and Ida Maria Viden to prison for the Tattarisuo mutilation case.{{cite web|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/1739850?page=3|title=Tattarisuon juttu pois päiväjärjestyksestä. Noita-Kallion y.m. tuomiot vahvistettu|work=Laatokka|date=13 October 1934|language=fi}}

=October=

{{Main|October 1932}}

=November=

{{Main|November 1932}}

File:Enigma-plugboard.jpg breaks the German Enigma cipher and overcomes the ever-growing structural and operating complexities of the evolving Enigma with plugboard, the main German cipher device during World War II.]]

=December=

{{Main|December 1932}}

  • December 1 – Germany returns to the World Disarmament Conference after the others powers agree to accept gleichberechtigung {{Clarify|date=December 2014}} "in principle". Henceforward, it is clear that Germany will be allowed to rearm beyond the limits imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
  • December 3 – Hindenburg names Kurt von Schleicher as German chancellor after he ousts Papen. Papen is deeply angry about how his former friend Schleicher has brought him down and decides that he will do anything to get back into power.
  • December 4 – Chancellor Schleicher meets with Gregor Strasser and offers to appoint him Vice-Chancellor and Reich Commissioner for Prussia out of the hope that if faced with a split in the NSDAP, Hitler will support his government.{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Henry Ashby|title=Hitler's Thirty Days to Power|location=New York|publisher=Addison-Wesley|year=1996|isbn=0201328003|page=25}}
  • December 5 – At a secret meeting of the Nazi leaders, Strasser urges Hitler to drop his "all or nothing" strategy and accept Schleicher's offer to have the Nazis serve in his cabinet.{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Henry Ashby|title=Hitler's Thirty Days to Power|location=New York|publisher=Addison-Wesley|year=1996|isbn=0201328003|page=26}} Hitler gives a dramatic speech saying that Schleicher's offer is not acceptable and he will stick to his "all or nothing" strategy whatever the consequences might be and wins the Nazi leadership over to his viewpoint.
  • December 8 – Gregor Strasser resigns as the chief of the NSDAP's organizational department in protest against Hitler's "all or nothing" strategy.{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Henry Ashby|title=Hitler's Thirty Days to Power|location=New York|publisher=Addison-Wesley|year=1996|isbn=0201328003|pages=27–28}}
  • December 10 – The Emu War in Australia ends in failure.
  • December 12 – Japan and the Soviet Union reform their diplomatic connections.{{clarify|date=December 2016}}
  • December 19 – BBC World Service begins broadcasting as the BBC Empire Service using a shortwave radio facility at its Daventry transmitting station in England.
  • December 24 – 1932 Moweaqua Coal Mine disaster
  • December 25
  • The 7.6 {{M|s}} Changma earthquake shakes the Gansu Province in China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Two-hundred and seventy-five people are killed.
  • IG Farben files a patent application in Germany for the medical application of the first sulfonamide oral antibiotic, which will be marketed as Prontosil, following Gerhard Domagk's laboratory demonstration of its properties as an antibiotic.{{cite book|last=Lesch|first=J. E.|title=The First Miracle Drugs: How the Sulfa Drugs Transformed Medicine|chapter=Prontosil|pages=51–61|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-518775-5}}
  • King George V delivers the first Royal Christmas Message{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=375–376|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}} on the new BBC Empire Service radio from Sandringham House; the text has been written by Rudyard Kipling.
  • December 27 – Internal passports are introduced in the Soviet Union.
  • December 28 – The Cologne banker Kurt von Schröder-who is a close friend of Papen and a NSDAP member-meets with Adolf Hitler to tell him that Papen wants to set up a meeting to discuss how they can work together. Papen wants Nazi support to return to the Chancellorship while Hitler wants Papen to convince Hindenburg to appoint him Chancellor. Hitler agrees to meet Papen on January 3, 1933.

=Date unknown=

  • Zero-length springs are invented, revolutionizing seismometers and gravimeters.
  • Geneticist J. B. S. Haldane publishes The Causes of Evolution, unifying the findings of Mendelian genetics with those of evolutionary science.
  • The heath hen becomes extinct in North America.
  • Walter B. Pitkin publishes Life Begins at Forty in the United States.
  • SPAR, the global retail brand, is founded in Zegwaart, Netherlands.{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://spar-international.com/aboutus/history/|access-date=2021-08-02|website=SPAR International|language=en-US}}
  • Unemployment in the United States – ca. 33% – 14 million. A similar level of unemployment affects Germany. Many people in depressed countries do not receive unemployment benefit due to governments not being able to afford benefit payments.[http://www.historyhome.co.uk/europe/weimar.htm US unemployment statistics], historyhome.co.uk; accessed December 10, 2014.

Births

{{BDToC|births}}

=January=

File:Italiaanse schrijver Umberto Eco, portret.jpg]]

File:Piper Laurie 1951-still.jpg]]

=February=

File:John Williams tux.jpg]]

File:Ted Kennedy, official photo portrait crop.jpg]]

File:Johnny Cash 1977.jpg]]

File:Taylor, Elizabeth posed.jpg]]

=March=

File:Ryszard Kapuscinski by Kubik 17.05.1997.jpg]]

File:Al Bean during EVA training in the Flight Crew Support Building.jpg]]

File:John Updike with Bushes new.jpg]]

=April=

File:Debbie Reynolds 6 Allan Warren.jpg]]

File:Omar Sharif 2013.jpg]]

File:Casey Kasem.jpg]]

=May=

File:PhyllidaLaw05.jpg]]

=June=

File:David Scott Water Egress Training (S66-17282).jpg]]

File:Dudley R. Herschbach in Lindau.jpg]]

File:Amrish Puri.jpg]]

File:Pat Morita 1971 publicity photo.jpg]]

=July=

File:Gyula Horn (2007).jpg]]

File:3.22.12OtisDavisByLuigiNovi3.jpg]]

File:John searle2.jpg]]

=August=

File:Peter O'Toole in Lawrence of Arabia.png]]

File:Luc Montagnier-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-3.jpg]]

=September=

File:Ingemar Johansson 2x3.jpg]]

File:Adolfo Suarez 03 cropped.jpg]]

File:Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in March 2014.jpg]]

File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-42.jpg]]

File:Rainer Weiss - December 2006.jpg]]

=October=

File:Dick Gregory.jpg]]

File:Sylvia Plath.jpg]]

=November=

File:Roy Scheider 2007.jpg]]

File:Ninoy Aquino 3.jpg]]

File:Jacques Chirac (1997) (cropped).jpg]]

=December=

File:Little Richard 1957 (crop).jpg]]

File:SajadHaider1965.png]]

Deaths

=January – February=

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13109, Edgar Wallace.jpg]]

File:Santa Ángela de la Cruz (1846-1932).jpg]]

File:Paolo Boselli, dal 1858 al 1932 - Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 0043 C.jpg]]

File:LOUISE REED STOWELL A woman of the century (page 708 crop).jpg]]

File:Wilhelm Ostwald by Nicola Perscheid.jpg]]

=March – April=

File:Minna-Craucher-salonki.jpg]]

=May – June=

=July – August=

File:SMF Manoel II.jpg]]

File:Kate M. Gordon.png]]

File:Duke_Alexander_Petrovich_of_Oldenburg_(1844-1932).jpg]]

File:Cox in the Atelier of Toon Dupuis.jpg]]

=September – October=

=November – December=

Nobel Prizes

File:Nobel medal.png

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20030416075623/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1932/1932fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1932] – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia

{{Events by month links}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1932}}

Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar