2023 in paleomammalogy

• Review of the systematics and evolutionary history of African proboscideans is published by Sanders (2023).{{cite book |last=Sanders |first=W. J. |year=2023 |title=Evolution and fossil record of African Proboscidea |publisher=CRC Press |pages=1–370 |doi=10.1201/b20016 |isbn=9781482254754 |s2cid=259625811 }}
• A study on the evolution of teeth of proboscideans from East Africa over the past 26 million years is published by Saarinen & Lister (2023), who find evidence of ratchet-like mode of evolution, with periods of rapid increase in hypsodonty and loph count (probably related to episodes of increase of aridity) alternating with longer periods of relative stasis rather than reversal of these traits.{{Cite journal|last1=Saarinen |first1=J. |last2=Lister |first2=A. M. |year=2023 |title=Fluctuating climate and dietary innovation drove ratcheted evolution of proboscidean dental traits |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=1490–1502 |doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02151-4 |pmid=37580434 |pmc=10482678 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7.1490S |s2cid=260898122 }}
• Choudhary et al. (2023) report the first discovery of the fossil material of a mammutid (cf. Zygolophodon) from the Upper Miocene deposits of Tapar (Kutch, India), extending known temporal range of mammutids in the southern Himalayan foreland basin to ~10 million years ago.{{Cite journal |last1=Choudhary |first1=D. |last2=Jukar |first2=A. M. |last3=Patnaik |first3=R. |last4=Singh |first4=N. A. |last5=Singh |first5=N. P. |last6=Sharma |first6=K. M. |year=2023 |title=The first report of cf. Zygolophodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Mammutidae) from the Upper Miocene of Kutch, India |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=4 |at=e2197959 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2197959 |s2cid=258338571 }}
• Fossil material of a mammutid distinct from the more basal Zygolophodon and possibly belonging to the species "Mammut" obliquelophus is described from the Upper Miocene locality of Sazak (Turkey) by Konidaris et al. (2023), representing the first record of "Mammut" in the Upper Miocene of western Asia reported to date, and interpreted by the authors as supporting the existence of a zoogeographic link enabling proboscidean interchanges between Europe and East Asia during the Late Miocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Konidaris |first1=G. E. |last2=Aytek |first2=A. I. |last3=Yavuz |first3=A. Y. |last4=Tarhan |first4=E. |last5=Alçiçek |first5=M. C. |year=2023 |title=First report of "Mammut" (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Upper Miocene of Turkey |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=6 |at=e2222784 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2222784 |s2cid=261417153 }}
• Von Koenigswald, Widga & Göhlich (2023) describe fossil material of mammutids from Oregon (partial skull of Zygolophodon proavus from the Clarendonian Ironside Formation, a maxilla of a mammutid of uncertain affinities – tentatively classified as "Mammut furlongi" – from the Clarendonian Juntura Formation, and partial skull of Mammut matthewi from the Hemphillian Dalles Formation), and interpret the Miocene and Pliocene record of North American mammutid as indicating that Mammut most likely did not immigrate into North America from Eurasia but rather evolved from Zygolophodon in North America.{{Cite journal|last1=von Koenigswald |first1=W. |last2=Widga |first2=C. |last3=Göhlich |first3=U. |year=2023 |title=New mammutids (Proboscidea) from the Clarendonian and Hemphillian of Oregon – a survey of Mio-Pliocene mammutids from North America |journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon |volume=30 |pages=1–63 |url=https://journals.oregondigital.org/nat_history/article/view/6004 }}
• Li, Chen & Wang (2023) reinterpret "Trilophodon" connexus as a member of the family Choerolophodontidae, and provisionally assign it to the genus Choerolophodon.{{cite journal|last1=Li |first1=C.-X. |last2=Chen |first2=J. |last3=Wang |first3=S.-Q. |year=2023 |title=Reassessment of Trilophodon connexus Hopwood, 1935 and attributing it to the Choerolophodontidae |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=33–46 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230917 |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230917 }}
• Revision of the gomphothere faunas of the Miocene Linxia Basin (China) is published by Wang et al. (2023), who report the presence of three fossil assemblages of different age.{{Cite journal|last1=Wang |first1=S.-Q. |last2=Li |first2=C. |last3=Li |first3=Y. |last4=Zhang |first4=X. |year=2023 |title=Gomphotheres from Linxia Basin, China, and their significance in biostratigraphy, biochronology, and paleozoogeography |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=613 |at=111405 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111405 |bibcode=2023PPP...61311405W |s2cid=255906489 }}
• A study on the morphology and feeding ecology of longirostrine gomphotheres from the Early–Middle Miocene of northern China is published by Li et al. (2023), who interpret Platybelodon as the first known proboscidean that evolved both grazing behavior and trunk coiling and grasping functions, making it better adapted to the open environment than other longirostrine taxa, and interpret these adaptations as eventually resulting in the feeding function shifting from the mandibular symphysis and tusks to the trunk.{{Cite journal|last1=Li |first1=C. |last2=Deng |first2=T. |last3=Wang |first3=Y. |last4=Sun |first4=F. |last5=Wolff |first5=B. |last6=Jiangzuo |first6=Q. |last7=Ma |first7=J. |last8=Xing |first8=L. |last9=Fu |first9=J. |last10=Zhang |first10=J. |last11=Wang |first11=S.-Q. |year=2023 |title=The trunk replaces the longer mandible as the main feeding organ in elephant evolution |journal=eLife |volume=12 |at=RP90908 |doi=10.7554/eLife.90908 |pmid=38900028 |pmc=11189625 |doi-access=free }}
• Neves et al. (2023) study carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures from samples of dentin of a specimen of Notiomastodon platensis from the Sousa municipality (Brazil) living during the Last Glacial Maximum, and interpret their findings as indicating that the studied specimen lived in a wetter environment compared to other localities from the Brazilian Intertropical Region and had mixed-feeder diet.{{Cite journal|last1=Neves |first1=G. A. S. |last2=Ghilardi |first2=A. M. |last3=Araújo |first3=F. T. F. |last4=Cherkinsky |first4=A. |last5=Dantas |first5=M. A. T. |title=Annual isotopic diet (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O) of Notiomastodon platensis in the Brazilian Intertropical region during the Last Glacial Maximum |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |year=2023 |volume=131 |at=104592 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104592 |bibcode=2023JSAES.13104592N |s2cid=261857042 }}
• Konidaris et al. (2023) describe fossil material of Deinotherium levius and Tetralophodon longirostris from the Hammerschmiede clay pit (Germany), report evidence of their feeding habits indicative of niche partitioning between the two species which made their coexistence at Hammerschmiede possible, and interpret their presence at the site (coupled with the absence of Gomphotherium at Hammerschmiede to date) as documenting the transition from the Middle Miocene trilophodont (Gomphotherium)-dominated proboscidean faunas of central Europe to the Late Miocene tetralophodont-dominated ones.{{Cite journal|last1=Konidaris |first1=G. E. |last2=Lechner |first2=T. |last3=Kampouridis |first3=P. |last4=Böhme |first4=M. |year=2023 |title=Deinotherium levius and Tetralophodon longirostris (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany), and their biostratigraphic significance for the terrestrial faunas of the European Miocene |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=923–961 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09683-3 |s2cid=262095186 |doi-access=free }}
• Romano et al. (2023) estimate the body mass of Anancus arvernensis to be between 5.2 and 6 tonnes.{{Cite journal |last1=Romano |first1=M. |last2=Bellucci |first2=L. |last3=Antonelli |first3=M. |last4=Manucci |first4=F. |last5=Palombo |first5=M. R. |title=Body mass estimate of Anancus arvernensis (Croizet and Jobert 1828): comparison of the regression and volumetric methods |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1357–1381 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3549 |bibcode=2023JQS....38.1357R |s2cid=259438457 }}
• Lin et al. (2023) recover complete mitogenome from a molar of a member of the genus Palaeoloxodon and partial mitochondrial sequences from another member of this genus (both from the Pleistocene of China), and interpret the studied specimens as possible representatives of a population with a large spatial span across Eurasia.{{Cite journal|last1=Lin |first1=H. |last2=Hu |first2=J. |last3=Baleka |first3=S. |last4=Yuan |first4=J. |last5=Chen |first5=X. |last6=Xiao |first6=B. |last7=Song |first7=S. |last8=Du |first8=Z. |last9=Lai |first9=X. |last10=Hofreiter |first10=M. |last11=Sheng |first11=G. |year=2023 |title=A genetic glimpse of the Chinese straight-tusked elephants |journal=Biology Letters |volume=19 |issue=7 |at=20230078 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2023.0078 |pmid=37463654 |pmc=10353889 }}
• A study on woolly mammoth genomes, identifying genetic variants associated with hair and skin development, fat storage and metabolism, and immune system function that had become fixed in the woolly mammoth lineage, is published by Díez-del-Molino et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Díez-del-Molino |first1=D. |last2=Dehasque |first2=M. |last3=Chacón-Duque |first3=J. C. |last4=Pečnerová |first4=P. |last5=Tikhonov |first5=A. |last6=Protopopov |first6=A. |last7=Plotnikov |first7=V. |last8=Kanellidou |first8=F. |last9=Nikolskiy |first9=P. |last10=Mortensen |first10=P. |last11=Danilov |first11=G. K. |last12=Vartanyan |first12=S. |last13=Gilbert |first13=M. T. P. |last14=Lister |first14=A. M. |last15=Heintzman |first15=P. D. |last16=van der Valk |first16=T. |last17=Dalén |first17=L. |year=2023 |title=Genomics of adaptive evolution in the woolly mammoth |journal=Current Biology |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1753–1764.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.084 |pmid=37030294 |s2cid=258011154 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CBio...33E1753D |hdl=11250/3145739 |hdl-access=free }}
• A study on the accumulation of woolly mammoth bones from the Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora, Voronezh Oblast, Russia), aiming to assess relations between the body size of Kostenki mammoths, the state of their population and the timeframe of bone assemblage accumulation, is published by Petrova et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of relatively long-term inhabitation of the studied area by mammoths and permanent visitation of the site.{{Cite journal |last1=Petrova |first1=E. A. |last2=Voyta |first2=L. L. |last3=Bessudnov |first3=A. A. |last4=Sinitsyn |first4=A. A. |year=2023 |title=An integrative paleobiological study of woolly mammoths from the Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki 14 (European Russia) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=302 |at=107948 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107948 |bibcode=2023QSRv..30207948P |s2cid=255934581 }}
• Evidence from tooth enamel of a woolly mammoth from the Upper Paleolithic Kraków Spadzista site (Poland), interpreted as indicating that the studied mammoth grazed in southern Poland in winter time and likely moved 250–400 km northwards during summer throughout at least 12–13 years of its adult life, is presented by Kowalik et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Kowalik |first1=N. |last2=Anczkiewicz |first2=R. |last3=Müller |first3=W. |last4=Spötl |first4=C. |last5=Bondioli |first5=L. |last6=Nava |first6=A. |last7=Wojtal |first7=P. |last8=Wilczyński |first8=J. |last9=Koziarska |first9=M. |last10=Matyszczak |first10=M. |year=2023 |title=Revealing seasonal woolly mammoth migration with spatially-resolved trace element, Sr and O isotopic records of molar enamel |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=306 |at=108036 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108036 |bibcode=2023QSRv..30608036K |s2cid=257594840 }}
• Cherney et al. (2023) study steroid hormone concentrations in woolly mammoth tusk dentin, and report evidence periodic increases in testosterone, interpreted as indicating that male mammoths experienced episodes of musth similar to those occurring in extant African elephants.{{Cite journal |last1=Cherney |first1=M. D. |last2=Fisher |first2=D. C. |last3=Auchus |first3=R. J. |last4=Rountrey |first4=A. N. |last5=Selcer |first5=P. |last6=Shirley |first6=E. A. |last7=Beld |first7=S. G. |last8=Buigues |first8=B. |last9=Mol |first9=D. |last10=Boeskorov |first10=G. G. |last11=Vartanyan |first11=S. L. |last12=Tikhonov |first12=A. N. |title=Testosterone histories from tusks reveal woolly mammoth musth episodes |year=2023 |journal=Nature |volume=617 |issue=7961 |pages=533–539 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06020-9 |pmid=37138076 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..533C |s2cid=258485513 }}
• Larramendi (2023) provides a formula for estimating tusk weight in proboscideans and conducts a review of tusk size evolution in Proboscidea.{{Cite journal |last=Larramendi |first=Asier |date=2023-12-10 |title=Estimating tusk masses in proboscideans: a comprehensive analysis and predictive model |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2023.2286272 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2286272 |s2cid=266182491 |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription }}

• Evidence of adaptation of motor-sensorial systems which were originally associated with tooth innervation to innervation of novel keratinized structures in sirenians, based on data from the study of extant and extinct sirenians, is presented by Hautier et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Hautier |first1=L. |last2=Gomes Rodrigues |first2=H. |last3=Ferreira-Cardoso |first3=S. |last4=Emerling |first4=C. A. |last5=Porcher |first5=M.-L. |last6=Asher |first6=R. J. |last7=Portela Miguez |first7=R. |last8=Delsuc |first8=F. |year=2023 |title=From teeth to pad: tooth loss and development of keratinous structures in sirenians |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=290 |issue=2011 |at=20231932 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2023.1932 |pmid=38018114 |pmc=10685118 }}
• Probable new specimen of Prototherium ausetanum, complementing the available information of the anatomy of that species, is described from the Eocene (Bartonian) limestone south of Sant Vicenç de Castellet (Catalonia, Spain) by Voss et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Voss |first1=M. |last2=Hampe |first2=O. |last3=Mahlow |first3=K. |last4=Vilanova |first4=J. C. |year=2023 |title=New findings of Prototherium ausetanum (Mammalia, Pan-Sirenia) from paving stones in Girona (Catalonia, Spain)? |journal=Fossil Record |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.3897/fr.26.99096 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FossR..26..135V }}

• A study on teeth and affinities of Qarunavus meyeri is published by Kampouridis et al. (2023), who place Qarunavus in the family Ptolemaiidae, and interpret the eruption sequence of the permanent teeth of Qarunavus as potentially supporting the placement of Ptolemaiida within Afrotheria.{{Cite journal|last1=Kampouridis |first1=P. |last2=Hartung |first2=J. |last3=Augustin |first3=F. J. |last4=El Atfy |first4=H. |last5=Ferreira |first5=G. S. |year=2023 |title=Dental eruption and adult dentition of the enigmatic ptolemaiid Qarunavus meyeri from the Oligocene of the Fayum Depression (Egypt) revealed by micro-computed tomography clarifies its phylogenetic position |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=199 |issue=4 |pages=1078–1091 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad065 }}
• Lihoreau et al. (2023) describe a tooth of an embrithopod belonging to the genus Palaeoamasia from the Eocene Lopar Sandstone (Croatia), extending known geographic range of members of this genus, and interpret this finding as consistent with the existence of the isolated Balkanatolian landmass which was isolated from Western Europe prior to the Grande Coupure.{{Cite journal|last1=Lihoreau |first1=F. |last2=Marjanac |first2=L. |last3=Marjanac |first3=T. |last4=Erdal |first4=O. |last5=Antoine |first5=P.-O. |year=2023 |title=A late Eocene palaeoamasiine embrithopod (Mammalia, Afrotheria) from the Adriatic realm (Island of Rab, Croatia) |journal=Palæovertebrata |volume=47 |issue=1 |at=e1 |doi=10.18563/pv.47.1.e1 |s2cid=266239601 |url=https://www.palaeovertebrata.com/Articles/view/409 }}

• Evidence from the navicular morphology, interpreted as indicating that early euprimates displayed a diverse array of locomotor adaptations early on their evolution, is presented by Monclús-Gonzalo et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Monclús-Gonzalo |first1=O. |last2=Alba |first2=D. M. |last3=Duhamel |first3=A. |last4=Fabre |first4=A.-C. |last5=Marigó |first5=J. |year=2023 |title=Early euprimates already had a diverse locomotor repertoire: Evidence from ankle bone morphology |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=181 |at=103395 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103395 |pmid=37320961 |s2cid=259173506 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JHumE.18103395M }}
• A study on the phylogeny and evolution of notharctines known from Wyoming is published by Gingerich (2023), who considers changes of the notharctine diversity to be related to Eocene climate changes.{{Cite journal |last=Gingerich |first=P. D. |title=Phylogeny and Evolution of North American Notharctinae (Mammalia, Primates) in the Early Eocene of Wyoming |year=2023 |journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.7302/8117 }}
• A study on evolutionary changes to temporal lobe size relative to brain size in fossil Old World monkeys is published by Pearson & Polly (2023), who interpret their finding as indicative of several cerebral reorganisations in the evolutionary history of the Old World monkeys, with the most noticeable change coinciding with environmental changes in the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene.{{Cite journal|last1=Pearson |first1=A. |last2=Polly |first2=P. D. |year=2023 |title=Temporal lobe evolution in extant and extinct Cercopithecoidea |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=683–694 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09664-6 |s2cid=259522653 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on tooth chipping patterns in Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, Apidium phiomense, Catopithecus browni, Parapithecus grangeri, Propliopithecus ankeli and Propliopithecus chirobates from the Fayum Depression (Egypt) is published by Towle, Borths & Loch (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of a predominantly soft fruit diet of the studied primates.{{Cite journal|last1=Towle |first1=I. |last2=Borths |first2=M. R. |last3=Loch |first3=C. |year=2023 |title=Tooth chipping patterns and dental caries suggest a soft fruit diet in early anthropoids |journal=American Journal of Biological Anthropology |volume=183 |issue=2 |pages=e24884 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.24884 |pmid=38093580 |doi-access=free }}
• Pickford, Gommery & Ingicco (2023) describe a probable Early Pliocene macaque molar from the Red Crag Formation (United Kingdom), representing one of the oldest and northernmost records of the genus in Europe reported to date.{{cite journal |last1=Pickford |first1=M. |last2=Gommery |first2=D. |last3=Ingicco |first3=T. |year=2023 |title=Macaque molar from the Red Crag Formation, Waldringfield, England |journal=Fossil Imprint |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=26–36 |doi=10.37520/fi.2023.003 |s2cid=265089167 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on tooth microwear in Macaca majori is published by Plastiras et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that M. majori likely fed on harder foods and occupied a different dietary niche compared to its mainland fossil relatives.{{Cite journal|last1=Plastiras |first1=C. A. |last2=Thiery |first2=G. |last3=Guy |first3=F. |last4=Alba |first4=D. M. |last5=Nishimura |first5=T. |last6=Kostopoulos |first6=D. S. |last7=Merceron |first7=G. |year=2023 |title=Investigating the dietary niches of fossil Plio-Pleistocene European macaques: The case of Macaca majori Azzaroli, 1946 from Sardinia |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=185 |at=103454 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103454 |pmid=37977021 |bibcode=2023JHumE.18503454P |s2cid=265260157 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04684797 }}
• Proffitt et al. (2023) report that, while cracking nuts, extant crab-eating macaques unintentionally produce flakes that fall within the technological range of artifacts made by early hominins, and caution that such flakes may be misidentified as intentional products if found in Plio-Pleistocene sites.{{Cite journal|last1=Proffitt |first1=T. |last2=Reeves |first2=J. S. |last3=Braun |first3=D. R. |last4=Malaivijitnond |first4=S. |last5=Luncz |first5=L. V. |year=2023 |title=Wild macaques challenge the origin of intentional tool production |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=10 |at=eade8159 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.ade8159 |pmid=36897944 |pmc=10005173 |bibcode=2023SciA....9E8159P |doi-access=free }}
• Post et al. (2023) recommend the use of Victoriapithecus and Ekembo as more suitable outgroups in the studies of the phylogenetic relationships of apes (including fossil hominins) than members of the genera Papio and Colobus.{{Cite journal |last1=Post |first1=N. W. |last2=Gilbert |first2=C. C. |last3=Pugh |first3=K. D. |last4=Mongle |first4=C. S. |title=Implications of outgroup selection in the phylogenetic inference of hominoids and fossil hominins |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=184 |at=103437 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103437 |pmid=37783198 |bibcode=2023JHumE.18403437P |s2cid=263318706 }}
• Kikuchi (2023) attempts to determine the body mass of Nacholapithecus kerioi, and considers it to be an arboreal primate.{{Cite journal |last=Kikuchi |first=Y. |title=Body mass estimates from postcranial skeletons and implication for positional behavior in Nacholapithecus kerioi: Evolutionary scenarios of modern apes |year=2023 |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=306 |issue=10 |pages=2466–2483 |doi=10.1002/ar.25173 |pmid=36753432 |s2cid=256663258 |doi-access=free }}
• Review of the Miocene ape systematics is published by Urciuoli & Alba (2023), who discuss the problems affecting the studies of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of Miocene apes.{{Cite journal |last1=Urciuoli |first1=A. |last2=Alba |first2=D. M. |title=Systematics of Miocene apes: State of the art of a neverending controversy |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=175 |at=103309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103309 |pmid=36716680 |bibcode=2023JHumE.17503309U |s2cid=256386037 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/271462 }}
• Evidence from the Moroto II site (Uganda), indicating that Miocene apes from Moroto II (including Morotopithecus) shared locomotor traits with living apes and lived in seasonally dry woodlands with abundant C₄ grasses, is presented by MacLatchy et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=MacLatchy |first1=L. M. |last2=Cote |first2=S. M. |last3=Deino |first3=A. L. |last4=Kityo |first4=R. M. C. |last5=Mugume |first5=A. A. T. |last6=Rossie |first6=J. B. |last7=Sanders |first7=W. J. |last8=Cosman |first8=M. N. |last9=Driese |first9=S. G. |last10=Fox |first10=D. L. |last11=Freeman |first11=A. J. |last12=Jansma |first12=R. J. W. |last13=Jenkins |first13=K. E. H. |last14=Kinyanjui |first14=R. N. |last15=Lukens |first15=W. E. |last16=McNulty |first16=K. P. |last17=Novello |first17=A. |last18=Peppe |first18=D. J. |last19=Strömberg |first19=C. A. E. |last20=Uno |first20=K. T. |last21=Winkler |first21=A. J. |last22=Kingston |first22=J. D. |year=2023 |title=The evolution of hominoid locomotor versatility: Evidence from Moroto, a 21 Ma site in Uganda |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6641 |at=eabq2835 |doi=10.1126/science.abq2835 |pmid=37053310 |s2cid=258112292 }}
• Pugh et al. (2023) reconstruct the face of Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, and interpret its morphology as most consistent with a phylogenetic placement as a stem hominid.{{Cite journal|last1=Pugh |first1=K. D. |last2=Catalano |first2=S. A. |last3=Pérez de los Ríos |first3=M. |last4=Fortuny |first4=J. |last5=Shearer |first5=B. M. |last6=Vecino Gazabón |first6=A. |last7=Hammond |first7=A. S. |last8=Moyà-Solà |first8=S. |last9=Alba |first9=D. M. |last10=Almécija |first10=S. |year=2023 |title=The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=120 |issue=44 |at=e2218778120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2218778120 |pmid=37844214 |pmc=10622906 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12018778P }}
• A study aiming to determine absolute crown strength and bite force of the lower postcanine teeth of Gigantopithecus blacki is published by Yi et al. (2023), who report evidence of dental specialization which might represent an adaptation to processing mechanically challenging foods.{{Cite journal |last1=Yi |first1=Z. |last2=Zanolli |first2=C. |last3=Liao |first3=W. |last4=Wang |first4=W. |title=Estimates of absolute crown strength and bite force in the lower postcanine dentition of Gigantopithecus blacki |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=175 |at=103313 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103313 |pmid=36709569 |bibcode=2023JHumE.17503313Y |s2cid=256379920 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04244354/file/Yi_%26_al_2023_JHE_postprint.pdf }}
• A study on the distinctiveness of Miocene dryopithecines from the Iberian Peninsula is published by Zanolli et al. (2023), who argue that teeth of Pierolapithecus, Anoiapithecus, Dryopithecus and Hispanopithecus show morphological differences consistent with their attribution to different genera.{{Cite journal |last1=Zanolli |first1=C. |last2=Bouchet |first2=F. |last3=Fortuny |first3=J. |last4=Bernardini |first4=F. |last5=Tuniz |first5=C. |last6=Alba |first6=D. M. |title=A reassessment of the distinctiveness of dryopithecine genera from the Iberian Miocene based on enamel-dentine junction geometric morphometric analyses |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=177 |at=103326 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103326 |pmid=36863301 |s2cid=257268904 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04244468 }}
• Evidence from oxygen isotopic compositions of tooth enamel, interpreted as indicating that late Pleistocene/early Holocene orangutans from Borneo lived in drier environments than both modern orangutans and late Pleistocene orangutans from Sumatra, is presented by Smith et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Smith |first1=T. M. |last2=Arora |first2=M. |last3=Austin |first3=C. |last4=Ávila |first4=J. N. |last5=Duval |first5=M. |last6=Lim |first6=T. T. |last7=Piper |first7=P. J. |last8=Vaiglova |first8=P. |last9=de Vos |first9=J. |last10=Williams |first10=I. S. |last11=Zhao |first11=J.-X. |last12=Green |first12=D. R. |year=2023 |title=Oxygen isotopes in orangutan teeth reveal recent and ancient climate variation |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/eLife.90217 |pmid=38457350 |pmc=10942278 |doi-access=free }}
• A study comparing the dietary strategies of Pleistocene orangutans and Homo erectus from Sangiran (Java, Indonesia) is published by Kubat et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that H. erectus exploited varied food sources and was less dependent on variations in seasonal food availability than orangutans.{{Cite journal |last1=Kubat |first1=J. |last2=Nava |first2=A. |last3=Bondioli |first3=L. |last4=Dean |first4=M. C. |last5=Zanolli |first5=C. |last6=Bourgon |first6=N. |last7=Bacon |first7=A.-M. |last8=Demeter |first8=F. |last9=Peripoli |first9=B. |last10=Albert |first10=R. |last11=Lüdecke |first11=T. |last12=Hertler |first12=C. |last13=Mahoney |first13=P. |last14=Kullmer |first14=O. |last15=Schrenk |first15=F. |last16=Müller |first16=W. |year=2023 |title=Dietary strategies of Pleistocene Pongo sp. and Homo erectus on Java (Indonesia) |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=279–289 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01947-0 |pmid=36646949 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7..279K |s2cid=244192277 }}
• The first specimen of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis with upper deciduous teeth is described from the Ravin de la Pluie locality in Axios Valley (Greece) by Koufos et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Koufos |first1=G. D. |last2=Plastiras |first2=C.-A. |last3=David |first3=C. N. |last4=Sagris |first4=D. |title=The Late Miocene hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Bonis, Bouvrain, Geraads & Melentis, 1974): maxillary deciduous dentition and virtual reconstruction of the unerupted permanent teeth |year=2023 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=22 |issue=33 |pages=667–688 |doi=10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a33 |s2cid=265176590 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the ulnae of Hispanopithecus, Danuvius, 17 fossil hominin specimens and extant apes and humans is published by Meyer et al. (2023), who find the studied ulna of a specimen of Sahelanthropus tchadensis to fall within the knuckle-walking morphospace.{{Cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=M. R. |last2=Jung |first2=J. P. |last3=Spear |first3=J. K. |last4=Araiza |first4=I. Fx. |last5=Galway-Witham |first5=J. |last6=Williams |first6=S. A. |title=Knuckle-walking in Sahelanthropus? Locomotor inferences from the ulnae of fossil hominins and other hominoids |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=179 |at=103355 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103355 |pmid=37003245 |bibcode=2023JHumE.17903355M |s2cid=257874795 }}
• Evidence from the study of a sample of specimens of 4 extinct (Ekembo heseloni, Australopithecus sediba, Homo naledi, Neanderthals) and 15 extant primate species, indicating that machine learning methods have the potential for aiding taxon identification and the interpretation of the locomotor behavior of fossil hominoid specimens, is presented by Vanhoof et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Vanhoof |first1=M. J. M. |last2=Croquet |first2=B. |last3=De Groote |first3=I. |last4=Vereecke |first4=E. E. |year=2023 |title=Principal component and linear discriminant analyses for the classification of hominoid primate specimens based on bone shape data |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=9 |at=230950 |doi=10.1098/rsos.230950 |pmid=37736524 |pmc=10509576 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030950V |doi-access=free }}

• A study on the hominin habitat preferences over the past 3 million years is published by Zeller et al. (2023), who find that earliest hominins predominantly lived in environments such as grassland and dry shrubland, while later hominins adapted to a broader range of environments, and argue that members of the genus Homo may have preferentially selected areas with more diverse habitats.{{Cite journal |last1=Zeller |first1=E. |last2=Timmermann |first2=A. |last3=Yun |first3=K.-S. |last4=Raia |first4=P. |last5=Stein |first5=K. |last6=Ruan |first6=J. |title=Human adaptation to diverse biomes over the past 3 million years |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6645 |pages=604–608 |doi=10.1126/science.abq1288 |pmid=37167387 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..604Z |s2cid=258618448 }}
• Hatala, Gatesy & Falkingham (2023) find that longitudinally arched footprints are not necessarily indicating that the hominins which produced them had longitudinally arched feet, but rather that such footprints are created through a pattern of foot kinematics that is characteristic of human walking; the authors consider Pleistocene tracks from Ileret (Kenya) to be the earliest known evidence for fully modern human-like bipedal kinematics, while tracks from Laetoli (Tanzania) show only partial evidence of the characteristic human walking style.{{Cite journal |last1=Hatala |first1=K. G. |last2=Gatesy |first2=S. M. |last3=Falkingham |first3=P. L. |year=2023 |title=Arched footprints preserve the motions of fossil hominin feet |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=32–41 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01929-2 |pmid=36604550 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7...32H |s2cid=255466788 |url=https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18548/3/Arched%20footprints%20preserve%20the%20motions%20of%20fossil%20hominin%20feet.pdf |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304112450/https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18548/3/Arched%20footprints%20preserve%20the%20motions%20of%20fossil%20hominin%20feet.pdf |url-status=live }}
• Alger et al. (2023) present a model of the evolution of food production and sharing in early hominins across diverse mating systems, and propose that food sharing in early hominin populations occurred between unrelated adults before the emergence of extensive grandparenting, cooking and hunting.{{Cite journal|last1=Alger |first1=I. |last2=Dridi |first2=S. |last3=Stieglitz |first3=J. |last4=Wilson |first4=M. L. |year=2023 |title=The evolution of early hominin food production and sharing |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=120 |issue=25 |pages=e2218096120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2218096120 |pmid=37311000 |pmc=10288599 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12018096A }}
• Plummer et al. (2023) report the discovery of 3.032–2.595 million-years-old fossil material of Paranthropus and Oldowan stone tools from the Nyayanga site (Homa Peninsula, Kenya), expanding known geographic range of both Paranthropus and Oldowan tools, and providing evidence that hominins were already using tools to process soft and hard plant tissues and to butcher animals, including large animals such as hippopotamids, at the Oldowan's inception;{{Cite journal |last1=Plummer |first1=T. W. |last2=Oliver |first2=J. S. |last3=Finestone |first3=E. M. |last4=Ditchfield |first4=P. W. |last5=Bishop |first5=L. C. |last6=Blumenthal |first6=S. A. |last7=Lemorini |first7=C. |last8=Caricola |first8=I. |last9=Bailey |first9=S. E. |last10=Herries |first10=A. I. R. |last11=Parkinson |first11=J. A. |last12=Whitfield |first12=E. |last13=Hertel |first13=F. |last14=Kinyanjui |first14=R. N. |last15=Vincent |first15=T. H. |last16=Li |first16=Y. |last17=Louys |first17=J. |last18=Frost |first18=S. R. |last19=Braun |first19=D. R. |last20=Reeves |first20=J. S. |last21=Early |first21=E. D. G. |last22=Onyango |first22=B. |last23=Lamela-Lopez |first23=R. |last24=Forrest |first24=F. L. |last25=He |first25=H. |last26=Lane |first26=T. P. |last27=Frouin |first27=M. |last28=Nomade |first28=S. |last29=Wilson |first29=E. P. |last30=Bartilol |first30=S. K. |last31=Rotich |first31=N. K. |last32=Potts |first32=R. |title=Expanded geographic distribution and dietary strategies of the earliest Oldowan hominins and Paranthropus |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=379 |issue=6632 |pages=561–566 |doi=10.1126/science.abo7452 |pmid=36758076 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..561P |s2cid=256697931 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7452 |access-date=2023-02-09 |archive-date=2023-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209203820/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7452 |url-status=live }} in a subsequent study Key & Proffitt (2023) apply optimal linear estimation modeling to the range of dates presented for the Nyayanga site, and find the emergence of the Oldowan to fall within the range of 2.622–3.436 million years ago, on account of the uncertainty surrounding Nyayanga's age.{{Cite journal |last1=Key |first1=A. |last2=Proffitt |first2=T. |title=Revising the oldest Oldowan: Updated optimal linear estimation models and the impact of Nyayanga (Kenya) |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=186 |at=103468 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103468 |pmid=38041999 |doi-access=free |hdl=10400.1/20320 |hdl-access=free }}
• New fossil material of infant and juvenile specimens of Paranthropus robustus, providing evidence of differences in the early craniofacial development between P. robustus and Australopithecus africanus, is described from southern African sites of Kromdraai and Drimolen by Braga et al. (2023), who interpret this finding as consistent with a close relationship between Paranthropus and Homo.{{Cite journal|last1=Braga |first1=J. |last2=Wood |first2=B. A. |last3=Zimmer |first3=V. A. |last4=Moreno |first4=B. |last5=Miller |first5=C. |last6=Thackeray |first6=J. F. |last7=Zipfel |first7=B. |last8=Grine |first8=F. E. |year=2023 |title=Hominin fossils from Kromdraai and Drimolen inform Paranthropus robustus craniofacial ontogeny |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=18 |at=eade7165 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.ade7165 |pmid=37134165 |pmc=10156105 |bibcode=2023SciA....9E7165B |doi-access=free }}
• A study comparing the environments inhabited by Paranthropus boisei and early members of the genus Homo at East Turkana (Kenya) is published by O'Brien, Hebdon & Faith (2023), who report that early Homo co-occurred with bovid assemblages indicative of a broader range of environments than P. boisei, and interpret their findings as supporting the interpretation of P. boisei as an ecological specialist and of early Homo as a generalist.{{Cite journal |last1=O'Brien |first1=K. |last2=Hebdon |first2=N. |last3=Faith |first3=J. T. |title=Paleoecological evidence for environmental specialization in Paranthropus boisei compared to early Homo |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=177 |at=103325 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103325 |pmid=36805971 |s2cid=256973634 }}
• A study on the affinities of the hominin specimen KNM-ER 1500 from East Turkana (Kenya) is published by Ward et al. (2023), who interpret the anatomy of this specimen as supporting its attribution to the species Paranthropus boisei, confirming the presence of significant dimorphism of the size of the postcranial skeleton in this species.{{Cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=C. V. |last2=Hammond |first2=A. S. |last3=Grine |first3=F. E. |last4=Mongle |first4=C. S. |last5=Lawrence |first5=J. |last6=Kimbel |first6=W. H. |title=Taxonomic attribution of the KNM-ER 1500 partial skeleton from the Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=184 |at=103426 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103426 |pmid=37769373 |bibcode=2023JHumE.18403426W |s2cid=263196863 }}
• Alemseged (2023) reexamines the paleobiology of Australopithecus and its significance in human evolution.{{Cite journal |last=Alemseged |first=Z. |title=Reappraising the palaeobiology of Australopithecus |year=2023 |journal=Nature |volume=617 |issue=7959 |pages=45–54 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05957-1 |pmid=37138108 |bibcode=2023Natur.617...45A |s2cid=258465033 }}
• A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Australopithecus sediba, aiming to determine whether A. sediba and Australopithecus africanus were sister taxa, is published by Mongle, Strait & Grine (2023), who report that they could not reject the hypothesis that A. sediba shared its closest phylogenetic affinities with the genus Homo.{{Cite journal |last1=Mongle |first1=C. S. |last2=Strait |first2=D. S. |last3=Grine |first3=F. E. |title=An updated analysis of hominin phylogeny with an emphasis on re-evaluating the phylogenetic relationships of Australopithecus sediba |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=175 |at=103311 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103311 |pmid=36706599 |s2cid=256296590 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JHumE.17503311M }}
• A three-dimensional model of bones and musculature of the pelvis and leg of Australopithecus afarensis is presented by O'Neill, Nagano & Umberger (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=M. C. |last2=Nagano |first2=A. |last3=Umberger |first3=B. R. |title=A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the pelvis and lower limb of Australopithecus afarensis |year=2023 |journal=American Journal of Biological Anthropology |volume=183 |issue=3 |pages=e24845 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.24845 |pmid=37671481 |s2cid=261556117 }}
• Wiseman (2023) presents a reconstruction of muscular configuration in the pelvis and lower limb of "Lucy", and interpret her finding as indicating that "Lucy" was capable of producing an erect posture, but also that the knee of this individual might have been suited to a range of movement types beyond those observed in modern humans.{{Cite journal|last=Wiseman |first=A. L. A. |year=2023 |title=Three-dimensional volumetric muscle reconstruction of the Australopithecus afarensis pelvis and limb, with estimations of limb leverage |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=6 |at=230356 |doi=10.1098/rsos.230356 |pmid=37325588 |pmc=10265029 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030356W |doi-access=free }}
• Hamilton, Copeland & Nelson (2023) use a strontium isotope method to identify sex biases in dispersal of Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus/Paranthropus robustus, and interpret their findings as supporting the existence of male philopatry and female dispersal in both species, with Australopithecus/Paranthropus robustus showing greater differences between presumed males and females compared to A. africanus.{{Cite journal |last1=Hamilton |first1=M. I. |last2=Copeland |first2=S. R. |last3=Nelson |first3=S. V. |title=A reanalysis of strontium isotope ratios as indicators of dispersal in South African hominins |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=187 |at=103480 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103480 |pmid=38159536 }}
• Delagnes et al. (2023) report the discovery of stone tool assemblages from a new site complex from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia), representing the first example of multiple, well-defined hominin occupation phases in the Shungura Formation and providing evidence that hominins were able to repeatedly exploit the studied area during the Early Pleistocene in spite of lack of abundant local raw materials suitable for stone tool manufacture.{{Cite journal|last1=Delagnes |first1=A. |last2=Galland |first2=A. |last3=Gravina |first3=B. |last4=Bertran |first4=P. |last5=Corbé |first5=M. |last6=Brenet |first6=M. |last7=Hailu |first7=H. B. |last8=Sissay |first8=F. M. |last9=Araya |first9=B. G. |last10=Woldetsadik |first10=M. G. |last11=Boisserie |first11=J.-R. |year=2023 |title=Long-term behavioral adaptation of Oldowan toolmakers to resource-constrained environments at 2.3 Ma in the Lower Omo Valley (Ethiopia) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=14350 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-40793-3 |pmid=37658122 |pmc=10474039 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314350D |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from the Melka Kunture site-complex (Ethiopia) interpreted as indicating that hominins were living in areas at 2000 m of altitude at least 2 million years ago is presented by Muttoni et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Muttoni |first1=G. |last2=Perini |first2=S. |last3=Melis |first3=R. T. |last4=Mussi |first4=M. |year=2023 |title=Chronology of the earliest peopling of the Ethiopian highlands at Melka Kunture pre-dating the 1.925 Ma base of the Olduvai subchron |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=319 |at=108330 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108330 |bibcode=2023QSRv..31908330M |s2cid=263694964 }}
• Mussi et al. (2023) identify the infant mandible from level E at Garba IV site (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) as belonging to the species Homo erectus, determine this mandible to be approximately 2 million-years-old (making it one of the earliest known fossils of H. erectus), and determine the presence of earliest known Acheulean tool assemblage from slightly younger strata from the same site;{{Cite journal |last1=Mussi |first1=M. |last2=Skinner |first2=M. M. |last3=Melis |first3=R. T. |last4=Panera |first4=J. |last5=Rubio-Jara |first5=S. |last6=Davies |first6=T. W. |last7=Geraads |first7=D. |last8=Bocherens |first8=H. |last9=Briatico |first9=G. |last10=Le Cabec |first10=A. |last11=Hublin |first11=J.-J. |last12=Gidna |first12=A. |last13=Bonnefille |first13=R. |last14=Di Bianco |first14=L. |last15=Méndez-Quintas |first15=E. |title=Early Homo erectus lived at high altitudes and produced both Oldowan and Acheulean tools |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=382 |issue=6671 |pages=713–718 |doi=10.1126/science.add9115 |pmid=37824630 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..713M |s2cid=263971011 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04239932 }} the conclusions of Muttoni et al. (2023) and Mussi et al. (2023) about the age of the Oldowan and early Acheulean material from the Melka Kunture site-complex are subsequently contested by Gossa et al. (2024).{{Cite journal|last1=Gossa |first1=T. |last2=Asrat |first2=A. |last3=Hovers |first3=E. |last4=Tholt |first4=A. J. |last5=Renne |first5=P. R. |year=2024 |title=Claims for 1.9–2.0 Ma old early Acheulian and Oldowan occupations at Melka Kunture are not supported by a robust age model |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=326 |at=108506 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108506 |bibcode=2024QSRv..32608506G }}
• Beaudet & de Jager (2023) provide evidence of primitive organization of the Broca's area in a 1.9-million-years-old probable member of the genus Homo from Koobi Fora (Kenya).{{Cite journal|last1=Beaudet |first1=A. |last2=de Jager |first2=E. |year=2023 |title=Broca's area, variation and taxic diversity in early Homo from Koobi Fora (Kenya) |journal=eLife |volume=12 |at=RP89054 |doi=10.7554/eLife.89054 |pmid=37721480 |pmc=10506792 |doi-access=free }}
• Pobiner, Pante & Keevil (2023) report the discovery of likely cut marks on a 1.45-million-years-old hominin tibia shaft from the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation (Kenya).{{cite journal |last1=Pobiner |first1=B. |last2=Pante |first2=M. |last3=Keevil |first3=T. |year=2023 |title=Early Pleistocene cut marked hominin fossil from Koobi Fora, Kenya |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=9896 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-35702-7 |pmid=37365179 |pmc=10293199 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.9896P |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from the Simbiro III site (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia), interpreted as indicating that hominins living in this area more than 1.2 million years produced standardized, large tools with sharp cutting edges in a stone-tool workshop, exploiting an accumulation of obsidian cobbles by a meandering river, is presented by Mussi et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Mussi |first1=M. |last2=Mendez-Quintas |first2=E. |last3=Barboni |first3=D. |last4=Bocherens |first4=H. |last5=Bonnefille |first5=R. |last6=Briatico |first6=G. |last7=Geraads |first7=D. |last8=Melis |first8=R. T. |last9=Panera |first9=J. |last10=Pioli |first10=L. |last11=Serodio Domínguez |first11=A. |last12=Rubio Jara |first12=S. |year=2023 |title=A surge in obsidian exploitation more than 1.2 million years ago at Simbiro III (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia) |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=337–346 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01970-1 |pmid=36658266 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7..337M |s2cid=256032112 }}
• Muller et al. (2023) report new data about a large sample of stone balls from the 'Ubeidiya site (Israel), interpreted as indicative of the existence of a complex formal technology used for intentional production of symmetrical sphere-like objects by Early Acheulean hominins.{{Cite journal|last1=Muller |first1=A. |last2=Barsky |first2=D. |last3=Sala-Ramos |first3=R. |last4=Sharon |first4=G. |last5=Titton |first5=S. |last6=Vergès |first6=J.-M. |last7=Grosman |first7=L. |year=2023 |title=The limestone spheroids of 'Ubeidiya: intentional imposition of symmetric geometry by early hominins? |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=9 |at=230671 |doi=10.1098/rsos.230671 |pmid=37680494 |pmc=10480702 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030671M |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the temporal spacing in the Asian fossil hominin record is published by Roberts et al. (2023), who argue that, in spite of their late persistence, the temporal range of Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis is not outside of the expected temporal range for Homo erectus.{{Cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=D. L. |last2=Jarić |first2=I. |last3=Lycett |first3=S. J. |last4=Flicker |first4=D. |last5=Key |first5=A. |title=Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis are not temporally exceptional relative to Homo erectus |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3498 |bibcode=2023JQS....38..463R |s2cid=256178800 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/345393 |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117142309/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/345393 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the provenance of the hominin fossils from Trinil (Java, Indonesia) found during the 1891–1908 excavations is published by Pop et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that the age of the femur which caused Homo erectus to be given its name (Femur I) is uncertain and might be as young as ~31,000 years, as well as indicating that the taxonomic attribution of this specimen is uncertain, for it might be a bone of an individual belonging to the species Homo erectus, Homo sapiens or a Denisovan.{{Cite journal |last1=Pop |first1=E. |last2=Hilgen |first2=S. |last3=Adhityatama |first3=S. |last4=Berghuis |first4=H. |last5=Veldkamp |first5=T. |last6=Vonhof |first6=H. |last7=Sutisna |first7=I. |last8=Alink |first8=G. |last9=Noerwidi |first9=S. |last10=Roebroeks |first10=W. |last11=Joordens |first11=J. |title=Reconstructing the provenance of the hominin fossils from Trinil (Java, Indonesia) through an integrated analysis of the historical and recent excavations |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=176 |at=103312 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103312 |pmid=36745959 |s2cid=256610380 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JHumE.17603312P |hdl=1887/3674321 |hdl-access=free }}
• Berger et al. (2023) describe possible evidence of burials of bodies of individuals of Homo naledi from the Dinaledi subsystem of the Rising Star cave (South Africa),{{Cite journal|last1=Berger |first1=L. R. |last2=Makhubela |first2=T. |last3=Molopyane |first3=K. |last4=Krüger |first4=A. |last5=Randolph-Quinney |first5=P. |last6=Elliott |first6=M. |last7=Peixotto |first7=B. |last8=Fuentes |first8=A. |last9=Tafforeau |first9=P. |last10=Beyrand |first10=V. |last11=Dollman |first11=K. |last12=Jinnah |first12=Z. |last13=Brewer Gillham |first13=A. |last14=Broad |first14=K. |last15=Brophy |first15=J. |last16=Chinamatira |first16=G. |last17=Dirks |first17=P. H. M. |last18=Feuerriegel |first18=E. |last19=Gurtov |first19=A. |last20=Hlophe |first20=N. |last21=Hunter |first21=L. |last22=Hunter |first22=R. |last23=Jakata |first23=K. |last24=Jaskolski |first24=C. |last25=Morris |first25=H. |last26=Pryor |first26=E. |last27=Mpete |first27=M. |last28=Roberts |first28=E. |last29=Smilg |first29=J. S. |last30=Tsikoane |first30=M. |last31=Tucker |first31=S. |last32=van Rooyen |first32=D. |last33=Warren |first33=K. |last34=Wren |first34=C. D. |last35=Kissel |first35=M. |last36=Spikins |first36=P. |last37=Hawks |first37=J. |year=2023 |title=Evidence for deliberate burial of the dead by Homo naledi |journal=eLife |doi=10.7554/eLife.89106 |doi-access=free }} while Berger et al. (2023) report the discovery of markings within the Dinaledi subsystem of the Rising Star Cave, interpreted by the authors as abstract patterns and shapes produced by Homo naledi;{{Cite journal|last1=Berger |first1=L. R. |last2=Hawks |first2=J. |last3=Fuentes |first3=A. |last4=van Rooyen |first4=D. |last5=Tsikoane |first5=M. |last6=Ramalepa |first6=M. |last7=Nkwe |first7=S. |last8=Molopyane |first8=K. |year=2023 |title=241,000 to 335,000 Years Old Rock Engravings Made by Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave system, South Africa |journal=eLife |doi=10.7554/eLife.89102 |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal|last1=Fuentes |first1=A. |last2=Kissel |first2=M. |last3=Spikins |first3=P. |last4=Molopyane |first4=K. |last5=Hawks |first5=J. |last6=Berger |first6=L. R. |year=2023 |title=Burials and engravings in a small-brained hominin, Homo naledi, from the late Pleistocene: contexts and evolutionary implications |journal=eLife |doi=10.7554/eLife.89125 |doi-access=free }} their conclusions are subsequently contested by Martinón-Torres et al. (2023) and Foecke, Queffelec & Pickering (2024), who find the evidence presented not compelling enough to indicate that H. naledi buried their dead and produced rock art in the Rising Star Cave system.{{Cite journal |last1=Martinón-Torres |first1=M. |last2=Garate |first2=D. |last3=Herries |first3=A. I. R. |last4=Petraglia |first4=M. D. |title=No scientific evidence that Homo naledi buried their dead and produced rock art |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=195 |at=103464 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103464 |pmid=37953122 |s2cid=265148312 }}{{Cite journal|last1=Foecke |first1=K. K. |last2=Queffelec |first2=A. |last3=Pickering |first3=R. |year=2024 |title=No Sedimentological Evidence for Deliberate Burial by Homo naledi - A Case Study Highlighting the Need for Best Practices in Geochemical Studies Within Archaeology and Paleoanthropology |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2025 |issue=1 |pages=94–115 |url=https://paleoanthropology.org/ojs/index.php/paleo/article/view/1099/3617 }}
• Rodríguez et al. (2023) determine that Epivillafranchian sabre-toothed felids from southern Europe abandoned carcasses with a nutrient content so high that scavenging was a reliable food procurement strategy for hominins, provided that the hominins foraged in groups strong enough to chase giant hyenas away from the carcasses;{{Cite journal|last1=Rodríguez |first1=J. |last2=Hölzchen |first2=E. |last3=Caso-Alonso |first3=A. I. |last4=Berndt |first4=J. O. |last5=Hertler |first5=C. |last6=Timm |first6=I. J. |last7=Mateos |first7=A. |year=2023 |title=Computer simulation of scavenging by hominins and giant hyenas in the late Early Pleistocene |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=14283 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39776-1 |pmid=37770511 |pmc=10539305 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314283R }} a subsequent study published by Mateos, Hölzchen & Rodríguez (2023) indicates that the carnivore turnover during the Epivillafranchian-Galerian transition (including the extinction of Megantereon and the appearance of Homotherium latidens) coupled with reduced ecosystem productivity during the cold intervals made the coexistence of hominin groups with giant hyenas in competition for carrion no longer viable, resulting in the extinction of Pachycrocuta brevirostris.{{Cite journal|last1=Mateos |first1=A. |last2=Hölzchen |first2=E. |last3=Rodríguez |first3=J. |year=2023 |title=Sabretooths, giant hyenas, and hominins: Shifts in the niche of scavengers in Iberia at the Epivillafranchian-Galerian transition |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=634 |at=111926 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111926 |s2cid=265390954 }}
• Margari et al. (2023) provide evidence of pronounced climate variability in Europe during a glacial period ~1.154 to ~1.123 million years ago, culminating in extreme glacial cooling, and argue that these conditions led to the depopulation of Europe.{{Cite journal |last1=Margari |first1=V. |last2=Hodell |first2=D. A. |last3=Parfitt |first3=S. A. |last4=Ashton |first4=N. M. |last5=Grimalt |first5=J. O. |last6=Kim |first6=H. |last7=Yun |first7=K.-S. |last8=Gibbard |first8=P. L. |last9=Stringer |first9=C. B. |last10=Timmermann |first10=A. |last11=Tzedakis |first11=P. C. |title=Extreme glacial cooling likely led to hominin depopulation of Europe in the Early Pleistocene |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=381 |issue=6658 |pages=693–699 |doi=10.1126/science.adf4445 |pmid=37561880 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..693M |hdl=10261/334363 |s2cid=260776366 |hdl-access=free }}
• Evidence from present-day human genomes, interpreted as indicative of a reduction in the population size of human ancestors to about 1000 breeding individuals between around 930,000 and 813,000 years ago, is presented by Hu et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=W. |last2=Hao |first2=Z. |last3=Du |first3=P. |last4=Di Vincenzo |first4=F. |last5=Manzi |first5=G. |last6=Cui |first6=J. |last7=Fu |first7=Y.-X. |last8=Pan |first8=Y.-H. |last9=Li |first9=H. |title=Genomic inference of a severe human bottleneck during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=381 |issue=6661 |pages=979–984 |doi=10.1126/science.abq7487 |pmid=37651513 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..979H |s2cid=261396309 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/7850245 }}
• Barham et al. (2023) describe interlocking logs and wood tools from the Kalambo Falls site (Zambia), ranging from approximately 476,000 years old to approximately 324,000 years old, and providing evidence of diversity of forms of the studied structures and the capacity of hominins that made them to shape tree trunks into large combined structures.{{Cite journal |last1=Barham |first1=L. |last2=Duller |first2=G. A. T. |last3=Candy |first3=I. |last4=Scott |first4=C. |last5=Cartwright |first5=C. R. |last6=Peterson |first6=J. R. |last7=Kabukcu |first7=C. |last8=Chapot |first8=M. S. |last9=Melia |first9=E. |last10=Rots |first10=V. |last11=George |first11=N. |last12=Taipale |first12=N. |last13=Gethin |first13=P. |last14=Nkombwe |first14=P. |title=Evidence for the earliest structural use of wood at least 476,000 years ago |year=2023 |journal=Nature |volume=622 |issue=7981 |pages=107–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06557-9 |pmid=37730994 |pmc=10550827 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..107B }}
• Konidaris et al. (2023) describe a specimen of Hippopotamus antiquus from the new Middle Pleistocene locality Marathousa 2 in the Megalopolis Basin (Greece), preserved with cut marks interpreted as evidence of butchering of the carcass by hominins.{{Cite journal |last1=Konidaris |first1=G. |last2=Tourloukis |first2=V. |last3=Boni |first3=G. |last4=Athanassiou |first4=A. |last5=Giusti |first5=D. |last6=Thompson |first6=N. |last7=Syrides |first7=G. |last8=Panagopoulou |first8=E. |last9=Karkanas |first9=P. |last10=Harvati |first10=K. |title=Marathousa 2: A New Middle Pleistocene Locality in the Megalopolis Basin (Greece) With Evidence of Hominin Exploitation of Megafauna (Hippopotamus) |year=2023 |journal=PaleoAnthropology |volume=2023 |issue=1 |pages=34–55 |doi=10.48738/2023.iss1.810 }}
• Cut mark evidence interpreted as indicative of systematic exploitation of beavers by hominins approximately 400,000 years ago is reported from the Bilzingsleben site (Germany) by Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Kindler & Roebroeks (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Gaudzinski-Windheuser |first1=S. |last2=Kindler |first2=L. |last3=Roebroeks |first3=W. |year=2023 |title=Beaver exploitation, 400,000 years ago, testifies to prey choice diversity of Middle Pleistocene hominins |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=19766 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-46956-6 |pmid=37957223 |pmc=10643649 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1319766G }}
• A study on the morphology of the mandible of a 300,000-years old hominin specimen from Hualongdong (China), whose skull was first described by Wu et al. (2019),{{Cite journal|last1=Wu |first1=X. |last2=Pei |first2=S. |last3=Cai |first3=Y. |last4=Tong |first4=H. |last5=Li |first5=Q. |last6=Dong |first6=Z. |last7=Sheng |first7=J. |last8=Jin |first8=Z. |last9=Ma |first9=D. |last10=Xing |first10=S. |last11=Li |first11=X. |last12=Cheng |first12=X. |last13=Cheng |first13=H. |last14=de la Torre |first14=I. |last15=Edwards |first15=R. L. |last16=Gong |first16=X. |last17=An |first17=Z. |last18=Trinkaus |first18=E. |last19=Liu |first19=W. |year=2019 |title=Archaic human remains from Hualongdong, China, and Middle Pleistocene human continuity and variation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=116 |issue=20 |pages=9820–9824 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1902396116 |pmid=31036653 |pmc=6525539 |bibcode=2019PNAS..116.9820W |doi-access=free }} is published by Wu et al. (2023), who report the presence of a combination of features resembling those of Late Pleistocene hominins and recent modern humans as well as features resembling those of Middle Pleistocene hominins, representing the first record of such a mosaic pattern in a late Middle Pleistocene hominin from East Asia, and report that the studied mandible did not possess a true chin.{{Cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=X. |last2=Pei |first2=S. |last3=Cai |first3=Y. |last4=Tong |first4=H. |last5=Zhang |first5=Z. |last6=Yan |first6=Y. |last7=Xing |first7=S. |last8=Martinón-Torres |first8=M. |last9=Bermúdez de Castro |first9=J. M. |last10=Liu |first10=W. |title=Morphological and morphometric analyses of a late Middle Pleistocene hominin mandible from Hualongdong, China |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=182 |at=103411 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103411 |pmid=37531709 |bibcode=2023JHumE.18203411W |s2cid=260407114 }}
• A study on a double-pointed stick from Schöningen (Germany), providing evidence of development of sophisticated woodworking techniques by hominins living ca. 300,000 years ago, is published by Milks et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Milks |first1=A. |last2=Lehmann |first2=J. |last3=Leder |first3=D. |last4=Sietz |first4=M. |last5=Koddenberg |first5=T. |last6=Böhner |first6=U. |last7=Wachtendorf |first7=V. |last8=Terberger |first8=T. |title=A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from Schöningen, Germany: Results and new insights from a multianalytical study |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=7 |at=e0287719 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0287719 |pmid=37467169 |pmc=10355447 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1887719M |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the mandibles of hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Spain) is published by Quam et al. (2023), who argue that hominins from Sima de los Huesos should not be assigned to the species Homo heidelbergensis and that they were more closely related to (but distinct from) Neanderthals, indicating the presence of at least two different evolutionary lineages of hominins in Europe during the middle Pleistocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Quam |first1=R. |last2=Martínez |first2=I. |last3=Rak |first3=Y. |last4=Hylander |first4=B. |last5=Pantoja |first5=A. |last6=Lorenzo |first6=C. |last7=Conde-Valverde |first7=M. |last8=Keeling |first8=B. |last9=Ortega Martínez |first9=M. C. |last10=Arsuaga |first10=J. L. |year=2023 |title=The Neandertal nature of the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos mandibles |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=307 |issue=7 |pages=2343–2393 |doi=10.1002/ar.25190 |pmid=36998196 |s2cid=257857001 |doi-access=free }}
• Studies on the morphology of the long bones of legs of hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site are published by Rodríguez et al. (2023), who report that the tibiae and fibulae of the studied hominins overall resemble those of Neanderthals more than those of other middle Pleistocene hominins (though the tibiae were longer than those of Neanderthals, possibly resulting in better locomotor efficiency){{Cite journal |last1=Rodríguez |first1=L. |last2=García-González |first2=R. |last3=Arsuaga |first3=J. L. |last4=Carretero |first4=J.-M. |year=2023 |title=Exploring the morphology of adult tibia and fibula from Sima de los Huesos site in sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=307 |issue=7 |pages=2606–2634 |doi=10.1002/ar.25336 |pmid=37792425 |s2cid=263621149 |doi-access=free |hdl=10259/9328 |hdl-access=free }} and by Carretero et al. (2023), who report archaic pattern of femoral morphology in the studied hominins and argue that two femora from the Sima de los Huesos site originally identified as bones of men might have actually been bones of women, potentially indicating that large-bodied women were common in archaic human species.{{Cite journal |last1=Carretero |first1=J.-M. |last2=Rodríguez |first2=L. |last3=García-González |first3=R. |last4=Arsuaga |first4=J. L. |year=2023 |title=Main morphological characteristics and sexual dimorphism of hominin adult femora from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=307 |issue=7 |pages=2575–2605 |doi=10.1002/ar.25331 |pmid=37794824 |s2cid=263670556 |doi-access=free |hdl=10259/9329 |hdl-access=free }}
• Brand, Colbran & Capra (2023) use machine-learning algorithm to identify putative archaic splice-altering variants in genomes of three Neanderthals and a Denisovan, and report that variants which don't also occur in modern humans are enriched in genes that contribute to phenotypic differences among hominins.{{Cite journal |last1=Brand |first1=C. M. |last2=Colbran |first2=L. L. |last3=Capra |first3=J. A. |year=2023 |title=Resurrecting the alternative splicing landscape of archaic hominins using machine learning |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=939–953 |doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02053-5 |pmid=37142741 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7..939B |s2cid=251369748 |pmc=11440953 }}
• Evidence indicating that patterns of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Denisovans correlated with climate and environmental changes in central Eurasia is presented by Ruan et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Ruan |first1=J. |last2=Timmermann |first2=A. |last3=Raia |first3=P. |last4=Yun |first4=K.-S. |last5=Zeller |first5=E. |last6=Mondanaro |first6=A. |last7=Di Febbraro |first7=M. |last8=Lemmon |first8=D. |last9=Castiglione |first9=S. |last10=Melchionna |first10=M. |title=Climate shifts orchestrated hominin interbreeding events across Eurasia |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=381 |issue=6658 |pages=699–704 |doi=10.1126/science.add4459 |pmid=37561879 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..699R |hdl=2158/1344712 |s2cid=260776383 |hdl-access=free }}
• Review of the research on the phenotype of Denisovans, their population history and interactions with other human groups is published by Peyrégne, Slon & Kelso (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Peyrégne |first1=S. |last2=Slon |first2=V. |last3=Kelso |first3=J. |title=More than a decade of genetic research on the Denisovans |year=2023 |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=83–103 |doi=10.1038/s41576-023-00643-4 |pmid=37723347 |s2cid=262055253 }}
• Bacon et al. (2023) report evidence from the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of teeth of the Denisovan individual from the Cobra Cave (Laos) interpretet as indicating that this individual relied on food resources from mixed to open landscapes, and argue that Homo sapiens might have been better adapted to exploit rainforest resources compared to Denisovans.{{Cite journal |last1=Bacon |first1=A.-M. |last2=Bourgon |first2=N. |last3=Dufour |first3=E. |last4=Demeter |first4=F. |last5=Zanolli |first5=C. |last6=Westaway |first6=K. E. |last7=Joannes-Boyau |first7=R. |last8=Duringer |first8=P. |last9=Ponche |first9=J.-L. |last10=Morley |first10=M. W. |last11=Suzzoni |first11=E. |last12=Frangeul |first12=S. |last13=Boesch |first13=Q. |last14=Antoine |first14=P.-O. |last15=Boualaphane |first15=S. |last16=Sichanthongtip |first16=P. |last17=Sihanam |first17=D. |last18=Nguyen |first18=T. M. H. |last19=Nguyen |first19=A. T. |last20=Fiorillo |first20=D. |last21=Tombret |first21=O. |last22=Patole-Edoumba |first22=E. |last23=Zachwieja |first23=A. |last24=Luangkhoth |first24=T. |last25=Souksavatdy |first25=V. |last26=Dunn |first26=T. E. |last27=Shackelford |first27=L. |last28=Hublin |first28=J.-J. |title=Palaeoenvironments and hominin evolutionary dynamics in southeast Asia |year=2023 |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=16165 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-43011-2 |pmid=37758744 |pmc=10533506 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1316165B }}
• A study comparing the evolution of brain shape in humans and other primates is published by Sansalone et al. (2023), who determine that strong covariation between different areas of the brain in Neanderthals and modern humans evolved under higher evolutionary rates than in any other primate.{{Cite journal |last1=Sansalone |first1=G. |last2=Profico |first2=A. |last3=Wroe |first3=S. |last4=Allen |first4=K. |last5=Ledogar |first5=J. |last6=Ledogar |first6=S. |last7=Mitchell |first7=D. R. |last8=Mondanaro |first8=A. |last9=Melchionna |first9=M. |last10=Castiglione |first10=S. |last11=Serio |first11=C. |last12=Raia |first12=P. |year=2023 |title=Homo sapiens and Neanderthals share high cerebral cortex integration into adulthood |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=42–50 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01933-6 |pmid=36604552 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7...42S |hdl=2158/1303264 |s2cid=255464800 |hdl-access=free }}
• A study on an accumulation of crania of large mammals in Level 3 of the Cueva Des-Cubierta (Madrid Region, Spain), apparently processed by Neanderthals, is published by Baquedano et al. (2023), who interpret this accumulation as a likely symbolic practice of Neanderthals.{{Cite journal |last1=Baquedano |first1=E. |last2=Arsuaga |first2=J. L. |last3=Pérez-González |first3=A. |last4=Laplana |first4=C. |last5=Márquez |first5=B. |last6=Huguet |first6=R. |last7=Gómez-Soler |first7=S. |last8=Villaescusa |first8=L. |last9=Galindo-Pellicena |first9=M. Á. |last10=Rodríguez |first10=L. |last11=García-González |first11=R. |last12=Ortega |first12=M.-C. |last13=Martín-Perea |first13=D. M. |last14=Ortega |first14=A. I. |last15=Hernández-Vivanco |first15=L. |last16=Ruiz-Liso |first16=G. |last17=Gómez-Hernanz |first17=J. |last18=Alonso-Martín |first18=J. I. |last19=Abrunhosa |first19=A. |last20=Moclán |first20=A. |last21=Casado |first21=A. I. |last22=Vegara-Riquelme |first22=M. |last23=Álvarez-Fernández |first23=A. |last24=Domínguez-García |first24=Á. C. |last25=Álvarez-Lao |first25=D. J. |last26=García |first26=N. |last27=Sevilla |first27=P. |last28=Blain |first28=H.-A. |last29=Ruiz-Zapata |first29=B. |last30=Gil-García |first30=M. J. |last31=Álvarez-Vena |first31=A. |last32=Sanz |first32=T. |last33=Quam |first33=R. |last34=Higham |first34=T. |year=2023 |title=A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=342–352 |doi=10.1038/s41562-022-01503-7 |pmid=36702939 |pmc=10038806 |s2cid=256304627 }}
• Evidence from the Eemian Neumark-Nord 1 site (Germany), interpreted as indicative of systematic targeting and processing of straight-tusked elephants by Neanderthals, is presented by Gaudzinski-Windheuser et al. (2023);{{Cite journal|last1=Gaudzinski-Windheuser |first1=S. |last2=Kindler |first2=L. |last3=MacDonald |first3=K. |last4=Roebroeks |first4=W. |title=Hunting and processing of straight-tusked elephants 125.000 years ago: Implications for Neanderthal behavior |year=2023 |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=eadd8186 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.add8186 |pmid=36724231 |pmc=9891704 |bibcode=2023SciA....9D8186G |doi-access=free }} in a subsequent study Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Kindler & Roebroeks (2023) identify elephant remains from the Gröbern and Taubach sites (Germany) with butchering patterns similar to those from Neumark-Nord, and interpret these findings as indicating that extended elephant exploitation was a widespread Neanderthal practice in the northern European plain during the early part of the Last Interglacial.{{Cite journal|last1=Gaudzinski-Windheuser |first1=S. |last2=Kindler |first2=L. |last3=Roebroeks |first3=W. |year=2023 |title=Widespread evidence for elephant exploitation by Last Interglacial Neanderthals on the North European plain |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=120 |issue=50 |pages=e2309427120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2309427120 |pmid=38048457 |pmc=10723128 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PNAS..12009427G }}
• Marquet et al. (2023) report evidence of Neanderthal engravings at La Roche-Cotard (France) interpreted as the earliest Neanderthal engravings on cave walls found to date.{{Cite journal|last1=Marquet |first1=J.-C. |last2=Freiesleben |first2=T. H. |last3=Thomsen |first3=K. J. |last4=Murray |first4=A. S. |last5=Calligaro |first5=M. |last6=Macaire |first6=J.-J. |last7=Robert |first7=E. |last8=Lorblanchet |first8=M. |last9=Aubry |first9=T. |last10=Bayle |first10=G. |last11=Bréhéret |first11=J.-G. |last12=Camus |first12=H. |last13=Chareille |first13=P. |last14=Egels |first14=Y. |last15=Guillaud |first15=É. |last16=Guérin |first16=G. |last17=Gautret |first17=P. |last18=Liard |first18=M. |last19=O'Farrell |first19=M. |last20=Peyrouse |first20=J.-B. |last21=Thamó-Bozsó |first21=E. |last22=Verdin |first22=P. |last23=Wojtczak |first23=D. |last24=Oberlin |first24=C. |last25=Jaubert |first25=J. |title=The earliest unambiguous Neanderthal engravings on cave walls: La Roche-Cotard, Loire Valley, France |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=6 |at=e0286568 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0286568 |doi-access=free |pmid=37343032 |pmc=10284424 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1886568M }}
• Kozowyk, Baron & Langejans (2023) report that aceramic birch tar production techniques used by Neanderthals cannot be reliably identified with current methods of distinguishing ceramic tar production processes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.{{Cite journal|last1=Kozowyk |first1=P. R. B. |last2=Baron |first2=L. I. |last3=Langejans |first3=G. H. J. |year=2023 |title=Identifying Palaeolithic birch tar production techniques: challenges from an experimental biomolecular approach |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=14727 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-41898-5 |pmid=37679507 |pmc=10485052 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314727K }}
• Kozowyk, Fajardo & Langejans (2023) report that the production process of birch tar in stone chambers with a technique likely used by Neanderthals becomes more complex with the increase of the number of concurrent production assemblies, and explore possible implications of the complexity of the scaled-up production for the knowledge of the cognitive and behavioural capacities of Neanderthals.{{Cite journal|last1=Kozowyk |first1=P. R. B. |last2=Fajardo |first2=S. |last3=Langejans |first3=G. H. J. |year=2023 |title=Scaling Palaeolithic tar production processes exponentially increases behavioural complexity |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=14709 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-41963-z |pmid=37679497 |pmc=10485137 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314709K }}
• Fajardo, Kozowyk & Langejans (2023) evaluate the complexity of the Paleolithic tar production processes, and interpret their findings as indicating that Neanderthals might have had technical cognition analogous to that of modern humans.{{Cite journal|last1=Fajardo |first1=S. |last2=Kozowyk |first2=P. R. B. |last3=Langejans |first3=G. H. J. |year=2023 |title=Measuring ancient technological complexity and its cognitive implications using Petri nets |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=14961 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-42078-1 |pmid=37737280 |pmc=10516984 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2305.09751 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314961F }}
• The most extensive collection of Neanderthal remains from the northeastern Mediterranean Iberia reported to date is described from Simanya Gran (the main gallery of the Simanya cave) by Morales et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=J. I. |last2=Cebrià |first2=A. |last3=Soto |first3=M. |last4=Rodríguez-Hidalgo |first4=A. |last5=Hernando |first5=R. |last6=Moreno-Ribas |first6=E. |last7=Lombao |first7=D. |last8=Rabuñal |first8=J. R. |last9=Martín-Perea |first9=D. M. |last10=García-Tabernero |first10=A. |last11=Allué |first11=E. |last12=García-Basanta |first12=A. |last13=Lizano |first13=E. |last14=Marquès-Bonet |first14=T. |last15=Talamo |first15=S. |last16=Tassoni |first16=L. |last17=Lalueza-Fox |first17=C. |last18=Fullola |first18=J. M. |last19=Rosas |first19=A. |year=2023 |title=A new assemblage of late Neanderthal remains from Cova Simanya (NE Iberia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=11 |at=1230707 |doi=10.3389/feart.2023.1230707 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrEaS..1130707M |hdl=10230/58416 |hdl-access=free }}
• Russo et al. (2023) report the discovery of a cave lion specimen from Siegsdorf (Germany) preserved with hunting lesions (a partial puncture and possible drag marks) and butchery marks, interpreted as the earliest evidence of Neanderthals hunting cave lions with wooden spears, and cave lion remains from the Unicorn Cave with cut marks consistent with those generated during skinning, interpreted as the earliest evidence of the utilization of a cave lion pelt by Neanderthals.{{Cite journal|last1=Russo |first1=G. |last2=Milks |first2=A. |last3=Leder |first3=D. |last4=Koddenberg |first4=T. |last5=Starkovich |first5=B. M. |last6=Duval |first6=M. |last7=Zhao |first7=J.-X. |last8=Darga |first8=R. |last9=Rosendahl |first9=W. |last10=Terberger |first10=T. |year=2023 |title=First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by Neanderthals |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=16405 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-42764-0 |pmid=37828055 |pmc=10570355 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1316405R }}
• Abbas et al. (2023) report the presence of Late Quaternary wetland sediments at the Wadi Hasa, Gregra and Wadi Gharandal areas in the Jordan desert, and interpret their findings as indicating that during the Marine Isotope Stage 5 the Levant was a well-watered route for human dispersal out of Africa.{{Cite journal|last1=Abbas |first1=M. |last2=Lai |first2=Z. |last3=Jansen |first3=J. D. |last4=Tu |first4=H. |last5=Alqudah |first5=M. |last6=Xu |first6=X. |last7=Al-Saqarat |first7=B. S. |last8=Al Hseinat |first8=M. |last9=Ou |first9=X. |last10=Petraglia |first10=M. D. |last11=Carling |first11=P. A. |title=Human dispersals out of Africa via the Levant |year=2023 |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=40 |at=eadi6838 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adi6838 |pmid=37792942 |pmc=10550223 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SciA....9I6838A }}
• Freidline et al. (2023) report the discovery of new fossil material of Homo sapiens from the Tam Pà Ling cave (Laos), providing evidence of an early dispersal of Homo sapiens into Southeast Asia by at least approximately 70,000 years ago.{{Cite journal|last1=Freidline |first1=S. E. |last2=Westaway |first2=K. E. |last3=Joannes-Boyau |first3=R. |last4=Duringer |first4=P. |last5=Ponche |first5=J.-L. |last6=Morley |first6=M. W. |last7=Hernandez |first7=V. C. |last8=McAllister-Hayward |first8=M. S. |last9=McColl |first9=H. |last10=Zanolli |first10=C. |last11=Gunz |first11=P. |last12=Bergmann |first12=I. |last13=Sichanthongtip |first13=P. |last14=Sihanam |first14=D. |last15=Boualaphane |first15=S. |last16=Luangkhoth |first16=T. |last17=Souksavatdy |first17=V. |last18=Dosseto |first18=A. |last19=Boesch |first19=Q. |last20=Patole-Edoumba |first20=E. |last21=Aubaile |first21=F. |last22=Crozier |first22=F. |last23=Suzzoni |first23=E. |last24=Frangeul |first24=S. |last25=Bourgon |first25=N. |last26=Zachwieja |first26=A. |last27=Dunn |first27=T. E. |last28=Bacon |first28=A.-M. |last29=Hublin |first29=J.-J. |last30=Shackelford |first30=L. |last31=Demeter |first31=F. |year=2023 |title=Early presence of Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia by 86–68 kyr at Tam Pà Ling, Northern Laos |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=1 |at=3193 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38715-y |pmid=37311788 |pmc=10264382 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3193F |doi-access=free }}
• Bacon et al. (2023) study non-figurative signs associated with images of animals in European caves which were produced by Upper Paleolithic humans, and interpret those signs as an early form of writing used to convey seasonal behavioural information about prey animals.{{Cite journal |last1=Bacon |first1=B. |last2=Khatiri |first2=A. |last3=Palmer |first3=J. |last4=Freeth |first4=T. |last5=Pettitt |first5=P. |last6=Kentridge |first6=R. |title=An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar |year=2023 |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1017/S0959774322000415 |s2cid=255723053 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from genomes of people from sub-Saharan African populations, interpreted as indicative of multiple migration events of anatomically modern humans out of Africa, of bidirectional gene flow between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans, and of deleterious interactions between Neanderthal and modern human alleles consistent with incipient speciation, is presented by Harris et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Harris |first1=D. N. |last2=Platt |first2=A. |last3=Hansen |first3=M. E. B. |last4=Fan |first4=S. |last5=McQuillan |first5=M. A. |last6=Nyambo |first6=T. |last7=Mpoloka |first7=S. W. |last8=Mokone |first8=G. G. |last9=Belay |first9=G. |last10=Fokunang |first10=C. |last11=Njamnshi |first11=A. K. |last12=Tishkoff |first12=S. A. |year=2023 |title=Diverse African genomes reveal selection on ancient modern human introgressions in Neanderthals |journal=Current Biology |volume=33 |issue=22 |pages=4905–4916.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.066 |pmid=37837965 |doi-access=free |pmc=10841429 }}
• A study on the Neanderthal ancestry in modern human populations across space and time is published by Quilodrán et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that the greater Neanderthal ancestry in human populations from eastern Eurasia compared to western Eurasia was caused by the expansion of Neolithic/Chalcolithic farmers (carrying less Neanderthal DNA than Paleolithic hunter-gatherers) approximately 10,000 years before present, as before that event the level of Neanderthal ancestry in human populations from western Eurasia was higher than in eastern Eurasia.{{Cite journal|last1=Quilodrán |first1=C. S. |last2=Rio |first2=J. |last3=Tsoupas |first3=A. |last4=Currat |first4=M. |year=2023 |title=Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=42 |at=eadg9817 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg9817 |pmid=37851812 |pmc=10584333 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SciA....9G9817Q }}
• Gicqueau et al. (2023) identify an ilium of an anatomically modern human baby found among Neanderthal remains from the Châtelperronian layers in the Grotte du Renne (France), and explore different hypotheses about the studied finding, including interpretations of the finding as possible evidence that Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans which either coexisted in mixed groups or alternately occupied the same sites were makers of the Châtelperronian.{{Cite journal|last1=Gicqueau |first1=A. |last2=Schuh |first2=A. |last3=Henrion |first3=J. |last4=Viola |first4=B. |last5=Partiot |first5=C. |last6=Guillon |first6=M. |last7=Golovanova |first7=L. |last8=Doronichev |first8=V. |last9=Gunz |first9=P. |last10=Hublin |first10=J.-J. |last11=Maureille |first11=B. |year=2023 |title=Anatomically modern human in the Châtelperronian hominin collection from the Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure, Northeast France) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=12682 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39767-2 |pmid=37542146 |pmc=10403518 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1312682G |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the productivity of European ecosystems during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 is published by Vidal-Cordasco et al. (2023), who report evidence of long coexistence of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in the areas with high and stable ecosystem productivity, as well as evidence of disappearance of Neanderthals before or shortly after the arrival of Homo sapiens in the areas with low or unstable ecosystem productivity.{{Cite journal|last1=Vidal-Cordasco |first1=M. |last2=Terlato |first2=G. |last3=Ocio |first3=D. |last4=Marín-Arroyo |first4=A. B. |year=2023 |title=Neanderthal coexistence with Homo sapiens in Europe was affected by herbivore carrying capacity |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=38 |at=eadi4099 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adi4099 |pmid=37738342 |pmc=10516502 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SciA....9I4099V }}
• A study on the environmental changes in the Lake Baikal region during the Marine Isotope Stage 3, as indicated by palynological data, is published by Shichi et al. (2023), who find that the dispersal of Homo sapiens into Baikal Siberia coincided with climate changes resulting in warm and humid conditions and vegetation changes.{{Cite journal|last1=Shichi |first1=K. |last2=Goebel |first2=T. |last3=Izuho |first3=M. |last4=Kashiwaya |first4=K. |year=2023 |title=Climate amelioration, abrupt vegetation recovery, and the dispersal of Homo sapiens in Baikal Siberia |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=38 |at=eadi0189 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adi0189 |pmid=37738346 |pmc=10516500 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SciA....9I.189S }}
• Rigaud et al. (2023) report the discovery of an approximately 42,000-year-old pendant found at the Paleolithic site of Tolbor-21 (Mongolia), interpreted as a phallus-like representation and providing evidence of production of three-dimensional images of the human body at the time of early dispersals of Homo sapiens in Eurasia.{{Cite journal |last1=Rigaud |first1=S. |last2=Rybin |first2=E. P. |last3=Khatsenovich |first3=A. M. |last4=Queffelec |first4=A. |last5=Paine |first5=C. H. |last6=Gunchinsuren |first6=B. |last7=Talamo |first7=S. |last8=Marchenko |first8=D. V. |last9=Bolorbat |first9=T. |last10=Odsuren |first10=D. |last11=Gillam |first11=J. C. |last12=Izuho |first12=M. |last13=Fedorchenko |first13=A. Yu. |last14=Odgerel |first14=D. |last15=Shelepaev |first15=R. |last16=Hublin |first16=J.-J. |last17=Zwyns |first17=N. |year=2023 |title=Symbolic innovation at the onset of the Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia shown by the personal ornaments from Tolbor-21 (Mongolia) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=9545 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-36140-1 |doi-access=free |pmid=37308668 |pmc=10261033 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.9545R }}
• Evidence from genomes of two 36,000–37,000-year-old individuals from Buran-Kaya III (Crimea), interpreted as indicative of the closest similarity of the studied individuals to Gravettian-associated individuals living several thousand years later in southwestern Europe, as well as indicating that the population turnover in Europe after 40,000 years ago involved admixture with pre-existing European populations, is presented by Bennett et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Bennett |first1=E. A. |last2=Parasayan |first2=O. |last3=Prat |first3=S. |last4=Péan |first4=S. |last5=Crépin |first5=L. |last6=Yanevich |first6=A. |last7=Grange |first7=T. |last8=Geigl |first8=E.-M. |year=2023 |title=Genome sequences of 36,000- to 37,000-year-old modern humans at Buran-Kaya III in Crimea |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=2160–2172 |doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02211-9 |pmid=37872416 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7.2160B |s2cid=264438325 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04280395/file/Bennett_Parasayan_et_al_2023_Genomes_Buran_Kaya_III_HAL.pdf }}
• Fragment of an ammonite with modifications indicative of intentional carving is described from the c. 36,200-year-old strata from the Grotte des Gorges (Jura, France) by d'Errico et al. (2023), who interpret the finding as modified to represent the head of a caniform carnivoran, and produced by the craftsman emulating figurines made of mammoth ivory, but also introducing substantial technical, thematic and stylistic innovations.{{Cite journal|last1=d'Errico |first1=F. |last2=David |first2=S. |last3=Coqueugniot |first3=H. |last4=Meister |first4=C. |last5=Dutkiewicz |first5=E. |last6=Pigeaud |first6=R. |last7=Sitzia |first7=L. |last8=Cailhol |first8=D. |last9=Bosq |first9=M. |last10=Griggo |first10=C. |last11=Affolter |first11=J. |last12=Queffelec |first12=A. |last13=Doyon |first13=L. |year=2023 |title=A 36,200-year-old carving from Grotte des Gorges, Amange, Jura, France |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=12895 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39897-7 |pmid=37558802 |pmc=10412625 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1312895D |doi-access=free }}

File:Ancestry modelling of hunter-gatherers from 14–5.2 ka and their allele frequencies on phenotypic SNPs.webp

• Posth et al. (2023) study genomes of hunter-gatherers from western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago, finding that individuals associated with the Gravettian culture across Europe were not a biologically homogeneous population (with some individuals from western Europe having a genetic ancestry profile resembling that of the individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture), reporting that human populations with this ancestry profile survived in southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequently re-expanded northeastward, and finding evidence of replacement of human groups in southern Europe around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum.{{Cite journal |last1=Posth |first1=C. |last2=Yu |first2=H. |last3=Ghalichi |first3=A. |last4=Rougier |first4=H. |last5=Crevecoeur |first5=I. |last6=Huang |first6=Y. |last7=Ringbauer |first7=H. |last8=Rohrlach |first8=A. B. |last9=Nägele |first9=K. |last10=Villalba-Mouco |first10=V. |last11=Radzeviciute |first11=R. |last12=Ferraz |first12=T. |last13=Stoessel |first13=A. |last14=Tukhbatova |first14=R. |last15=Drucker |first15=D. G. |last16=Lari |first16=M. |last17=Modi |first17=A. |last18=Vai |first18=S. |last19=Saupe |first19=T. |last20=Scheib |first20=C. L. |last21=Catalano |first21=G. |last22=Pagani |first22=L. |last23=Talamo |first23=S. |last24=Fewlass |first24=H. |last25=Klaric |first25=L. |last26=Morala |first26=A. |last27=Rué |first27=M. |last28=Madelaine |first28=S. |last29=Crépin |first29=L. |last30=Caverne |first30=J.-B. |last31=Bocaege |first31=E. |last32=Ricci |first32=S. |last33=Boschin |first33=F. |last34=Bayle |first34=P. |last35=Maureille |first35=B. |last36=Le Brun-Ricalens |first36=F. |last37=Bordes |first37=J.-G. |last38=Oxilia |first38=G. |last39=Bortolini |first39=E. |last40=Bignon-Lau |first40=O. |last41=Debout |first41=G. |last42=Orliac |first42=M. |last43=Zazzo |first43=A. |last44=Sparacello |first44=V. |last45=Starnini |first45=E. |last46=Sineo |first46=L. |last47=van der Plicht |first47=J. |last48=Pecqueur |first48=L. |last49=Merceron |first49=G. |last50=Garcia |first50=G. |last51=Leuvrey |first51=J.-M. |last52=Bay Garcia |first52=C. |last53=Gómez-Olivencia |first53=A. |last54=Połtowicz-Bobak |first54=M. |last55=Bobak |first55=D. |last56=Le Luyer |first56=M. |last57=Storm |first57=P. |last58=Hoffmann |first58=C. |last59=Kabaciński |first59=J. |last60=Filimonova |first60=T. |last61=Shnaider |first61=S. |last62=Berezina |first62=N. |last63=González-Rabanal |first63=B. |last64=González Morales |first64=M. R. |last65=Marín-Arroyo |first65=A. B. |last66=López |first66=B. |last67=Alonso-Llamazares |first67=C. |last68=Ronchitelli |first68=A. |last69=Polet |first69=C. |last70=Jadin |first70=I. |last71=Cauwe |first71=N. |last72=Soler |first72=J. |last73=Coromina |first73=N. |last74=Rufí |first74=I. |last75=Cottiaux |first75=R. |last76=Clark |first76=G. |last77=Straus |first77=L. G. |last78=Julien |first78=M.-A. |last79=Renhart |first79=S. |last80=Talaa |first80=D. |last81=Benazzi |first81=S. |last82=Romandini |first82=M. |last83=Amkreutz |first83=L. |last84=Bocherens |first84=H. |last85=Wißing |first85=C. |last86=Villotte |first86=S. |last87=Fernández-López de Pablo |first87=J. |last88=Gómez-Puche |first88=M. |last89=Esquembre-Bebia |first89=M. A. |last90=Bodu |first90=P. |last91=Smits |first91=L. |last92=Souffi |first92=B. |last93=Jankauskas |first93=R. |last94=Kozakaitė |first94=J. |last95=Cupillard |first95=C. |last96=Benthien |first96=H. |last97=Wehrberger |first97=K. |last98=Schmitz |first98=R. W. |last99=Feine |first99=S. C. |last100=Schüler |first100=T. |last101=Thevenet |first101=C. |last102=Grigorescu |first102=D. |last103=Lüth |first103=F. |last104=Kotula |first104=A. |last105=Piezonka |first105=H. |last106=Schopper |first106=F. |last107=Svoboda |first107=J. |last108=Sázelová |first108=S. |last109=Chizhevsky |first109=A. |last110=Khokhlov |first110=A. |last111=Conard |first111=N. J. |last112=Valentin |first112=F. |last113=Harvati |first113=K. |last114=Semal |first114=P. |last115=Jungklaus |first115=B. |last116=Suvorov |first116=A. |last117=Schulting |first117=R. |last118=Moiseyev |first118=V. |last119=Mannermaa |first119=K. |last120=Buzhilova |first120=A. |last121=Terberger |first121=T. |last122=Caramelli |first122=D. |last123=Altena |first123=E. |last124=Haak |first124=W. |last125=Krause |first125=J. |title=Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers |year=2023 |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7950 |pages=117–126 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0 |pmid=36859578 |pmc=9977688 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..117P |display-authors=4 }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}
• Evidence from impact-related fractures of projectiles from the Maisières-Canal site (Belgium), interpreted as indicating that spearthrower was used 31,000 years ago for launching projectiles armed with tanged flint points from the studied sample, is presented by Coppe, Taipale & Rots (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Coppe |first1=J. |last2=Taipale |first2=N. |last3=Rots |first3=V. |year=2023 |title=Terminal ballistic analysis of impact fractures reveals the use of spearthrower 31 ky ago at Maisières-Canal, Belgium |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=18305 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-45554-w |pmid=37880379 |pmc=10600151 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1318305C }}
• Villalba-Mouco et al. (2023) present genome-wide data from a 23,000-year-old Solutrean-associated individual from Cueva del Malalmuerzo (Spain), carrying genetic ancestry interpreted as directly connecting earlier Aurignacian-associated individuals with post-Last Glacial Maximum Magdalenian-associated ancestry in western Europe.{{Cite journal |last1=Villalba-Mouco |first1=V. |last2=van de Loosdrecht |first2=M. S. |last3=Rohrlach |first3=A. B. |last4=Fewlass |first4=H. |last5=Talamo |first5=S. |last6=Yu |first6=H. |last7=Aron |first7=F. |last8=Lalueza-Fox |first8=C. |last9=Cabello |first9=L. |last10=Cantalejo Duarte |first10=P. |last11=Ramos-Muñoz |first11=J. |last12=Posth |first12=C. |last13=Krause |first13=J. |last14=Weniger |first14=G.-C. |last15=Haak |first15=W. |title=A 23,000-year-old southern Iberian individual links human groups that lived in Western Europe before and after the Last Glacial Maximum |year=2023 |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=597–609 |doi=10.1038/s41559-023-01987-0 |pmid=36859553 |pmc=10089921 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7..597V |s2cid=257282497 }}
• Pigati et al. (2023) reevalute the age of human footprints from the White Sands National Park (New Mexico, United States) originally described by Bennett et al. (2021),{{Cite journal|last1=Bennett |first1=M. R. |last2=Bustos |first2=D. |last3=Pigati |first3=J. S. |last4=Springer |first4=K. B. |last5=Urban |first5=T. M. |last6=Holliday |first6=V. T. |last7=Reynolds |first7=S. C. |last8=Budka |first8=M. |last9=Honke |first9=J. S. |last10=Hudson |first10=A. M. |last11=Fenerty |first11=B. |last12=Connelly |first12=C. |last13=Martinez |first13=P. J. |last14=Santucci |first14=V. L. |last15=Odess |first15=D. |title=Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum |year=2021 |journal=Science |volume=373 |issue=6562 |pages=1528–1531 |doi=10.1126/science.abg7586 |pmid=34554787 |bibcode=2021Sci...373.1528B |s2cid=237616125 |url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/36202/7/science_manuscript_WHSA_rev3_17Aug21.pdf }} and interpret their findings as supporting the presence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum.{{Cite journal|last1=Pigati |first1=J. S. |last2=Springer |first2=K. B. |last3=Honke |first3=J. S. |last4=Wahl |first4=D. |last5=Champagne |first5=M. R. |last6=Zimmerman |first6=S. R. H. |last7=Gray |first7=H. J. |last8=Santucci |first8=V. L. |last9=Odess |first9=D. |last10=Bustos |first10=D. |last11=Bennett |first11=M. R. |title=Independent age estimates resolve the controversy of ancient human footprints at White Sands |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=382 |issue=6666 |pages=73–75 |doi=10.1126/science.adh5007 |pmid=37797035 |bibcode=2023Sci...382...73P |s2cid=263672291 |url=https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/39172/1/Pigati.pdf }}
• Evidence from blood residues from Paleoamerican stone tools from North and South Carolina, indicative of exploitation of extinct megafauna by Clovis and other Paleoamerican cultures in the Carolinas, is presented by Moore et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=C. R. |last2=Kimball |first2=L. R. |last3=Goodyear |first3=A. C. |last4=Brooks |first4=M. J. |last5=Daniel |first5=I. R. |last6=West |first6=A. |last7=Taylor |first7=S. G. |last8=Weber |first8=K. J. |last9=Fagan |first9=J. L. |last10=Walker |first10=C. M. |year=2023 |title=Paleoamerican exploitation of extinct megafauna revealed through immunological blood residue and microwear analysis, North and South Carolina, USA |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=9464 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-36617-z |pmid=37301945 |pmc=10257692 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.9464M |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the functional performance of hafted Clovis knife replicas is published by Mika et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that the use of hafted technologies may have reduced the impact that the anatomical variation between hands of different individuals had on a tools' performance, and removed evolutionary selective pressures associated with the use of flaked stone tools.{{Cite journal|last1=Mika |first1=A. |last2=Lierenz |first2=J. |last3=Smith |first3=A. |last4=Buchanan |first4=B. |last5=Walker |first5=R. S. |last6=Eren |first6=M. I. |last7=Bebber |first7=M. R. |last8=Key |first8=A. |year=2023 |title=Hafted technologies likely reduced stone tool-related selective pressures acting on the hominin hand |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=15582 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-42096-z |pmid=37730739 |pmc=10511494 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1315582M }}
• Evidence interpreted as indicating that three giant sloth osteoderms from the Santa Elina rock shelter (Brazil) were intentionally modified into artefacts during the Last Glacial Maximum, before fossilization of the bones, is presented by Pansani et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Pansani |first1=T. R. |last2=Pobiner |first2=B. |last3=Gueriau |first3=P. |last4=Thoury |first4=M. |last5=Tafforeau |first5=P. |last6=Baranger |first6=E. |last7=Vialou |first7=Á. V. |last8=Vialou |first8=D. |last9=McSparron |first9=C. |last10=de Castro |first10=M. C. |last11=Dantas |first11=M. A. T. |last12=Bertrand |first12=L. |last13=Pacheco |first13=M. L. A. F. |year=2023 |title=Evidence of artefacts made of giant sloth bones in central Brazil around the last glacial maximum |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=290 |issue=2002 |at=20230316 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2023.0316 |pmid=37434527 |pmc=10336383 }}
• Evidence of the use of plant-based red colourant by Natufians is reported from the Kebara Cave site (Israel) by Davin, Bellot-Gurlet & Navas (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Davin |first1=L. |last2=Bellot-Gurlet |first2=L. |last3=Navas |first3=J. |title=Plant-based red colouration of shell beads 15,000 years ago in Kebara Cave, Mount Carmel (Israel) |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=10 |at=e0292264 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0292264 |pmid=37878593 |pmc=10599507 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1892264D }}
• A study on the Magdalenian rock art from the Atxurra Cave (Spain) is published by Garate et al. (2023), who interpret the studied rock art as indicative of planning prior to artistic production, as well as adapted to be seen by a third person from different positions.{{Cite journal|last1=Garate |first1=D. |last2=Rivero |first2=O. |last3=Rios-Garaizar |first3=J. |last4=Medina-Alcaide |first4=M. Á. |last5=Arriolabengoa |first5=M. |last6=Intxaurbe |first6=I. |last7=Ruiz-López |first7=J. F. |last8=Marín-Arroyo |first8=A. B. |last9=Rofes |first9=J. |last10=García Bustos |first10=P. |last11=Torres |first11=A. |last12=Salazar |first12=S. |year=2023 |title=Unravelling the skills and motivations of Magdalenian artists in the depths of Atxurra Cave (Northern Spain) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=17340 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-44520-w |pmid=37833336 |pmc=10575969 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1317340G }}
• A study on genomic data from remains of humans from Poland, Romania and Ukraine living before and after the Neolithic transition is published by Mattila et al. (2023), who report evidence indicative of the existence of an admixture cline between genetically differentiated groups from Central Europe and Siberia before Neolithic, as well as evidence of stronger genetic continuity after the Neolithic transition in the Dnieper Valley region than in the areas further west.{{Cite journal|last1=Mattila |first1=T. M. |last2=Svensson |first2=E. M. |last3=Juras |first3=A. |last4=Günther |first4=T. |last5=Kashuba |first5=N. |last6=Ala-Hulkko |first6=T. |last7=Chyleński |first7=M. |last8=McKenna |first8=J. |last9=Pospieszny |first9=Ł. |last10=Constantinescu |first10=M. |last11=Rotea |first11=M. |last12=Palincaș |first12=N. |last13=Wilk |first13=S. |last14=Czerniak |first14=L. |last15=Kruk |first15=J. |last16=Łapo |first16=J. |last17=Makarowicz |first17=P. |last18=Potekhina |first18=I. |last19=Soficaru |first19=A. |last20=Szmyt |first20=M. |last21=Szostek |first21=K. |last22=Götherström |first22=A. |last23=Storå |first23=J. |last24=Netea |first24=M. G. |last25=Nikitin |first25=A. G. |last26=Persson |first26=P. |last27=Malmström |first27=H. |last28=Jakobsson |first28=M. |year=2023 |title=Genetic continuity, isolation, and gene flow in Stone Age Central and Eastern Europe |journal=Communications Biology |volume=6 |issue=1 |at=793 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-05131-3 |pmid=37558731 |pmc=10412644 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from a high-coverage genome of Ötzi, interpreted as indicative of descent from both early Neolithic European farmers (who in turn were descendants of early Anatolian farmers) and European hunter-gatherers (with the admixture between these groups happening approximately 4880–4400 years BCE) but without any evidence for Steppe-related ancestry, as well as indicative of a rather dark skin (as also displayed by the actual mummy) and possibly also of male-pattern baldness, is presented by Wang et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Wang |first1=K. |last2=Prüfer |first2=K. |last3=Krause-Kyora |first3=B. |last4=Childebayeva |first4=A. |last5=Schuenemann |first5=V. J. |last6=Coia |first6=V. |last7=Maixner |first7=F. |last8=Zink |first8=A. |last9=Schiffels |first9=S. |last10=Krause |first10=J. |year=2023 |title=High-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman reveals unusually high Anatolian farmer ancestry |journal=Cell Genomics |volume=3 |issue=9 |at=100377 |doi=10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100377 |pmid=37719142 |pmc=10504632 |s2cid=261001242 }}
• Lenssen-Erz et al. (2023) report results of the analysis of the Late Stone Age engravings of animal tracks and human footprints from the Doro! nawas mountains (Namibia) by Ju/’hoansi tracking experts, providing evidence of inclusion of engravings of tracks of a number of animal species that don't occur in the region in the present, and indicating that the engravings are not generic forms, include markers of sex and age, and reveal divergent preferences and priorities of the engravers in the depiction of animal tracks and human footprints.{{Cite journal|last1=Lenssen-Erz |first1=T. |last2=Pastoors |first2=A. |last3=Uthmeier |first3=T. |last4=Ciqae |first4=T. |last5=Kxunta |first5=/U. |last6=Thao |first6=T. |title=Animal tracks and human footprints in prehistoric hunter-gatherer rock art of the Doro! nawas mountains (Namibia), analysed by present-day indigenous tracking experts |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=9 |at=e0289560 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0289560 |pmid=37703266 |pmc=10499263 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1889560L }}
• A study of ancient DNA supports or confirms{{cite journal |last1=Barreiro |first1=Luis B. |last2=Quintana-Murci |first2=Lluís |title=From evolutionary genetics to human immunology: how selection shapes host defence genes |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=January 2010 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=17–30 |doi=10.1038/nrg2698 |pmid=19953080 |s2cid=15705508 |language=en |issn=1471-0064|doi-access=free }} that recent human evolution to resist infection of pathogens also increased inflammatory disease risk in post-Neolithic Europeans over the last 10,000 years, estimating nature, strength, and time of onset of selections.{{cite journal |last1=Kerner |first1=Gaspard |last2=Neehus |first2=Anna-Lena |last3=Philippot |first3=Quentin |last4=Bohlen |first4=Jonathan |last5=Rinchai |first5=Darawan |last6=Kerrouche |first6=Nacim |last7=Puel |first7=Anne |last8=Zhang |first8=Shen-Ying |last9=Boisson-Dupuis |first9=Stéphanie |last10=Abel |first10=Laurent |last11=Casanova |first11=Jean-Laurent |last12=Patin |first12=Etienne |last13=Laval |first13=Guillaume |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |title=Genetic adaptation to pathogens and increased risk of inflammatory disorders in post-Neolithic Europe |journal=Cell Genomics |date=8 February 2023 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=100248 |doi=10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100248 |pmid=36819665 |pmc=9932995 |s2cid=250341156 |language=en |issn=2666-979X}}
• Archaeologists report the earliest evidence of bow and arrow use outside Africa {{Crossreference|(see also 12 Jun 20)}} – ~54,000 years ago in France, showing the earliest known H. sapiens to migrate into Neandertal territories {{tooltip|used these technologies|they most likely used mechanically propelled weapons, such as bow-and-arrow or spear-thrower-and-dart combinations as they found small stone points for e.g. tips of arrows}}.{{cite journal |last1=Metz |first1=Laure |last2=Lewis |first2=Jason E. |last3=Slimak |first3=Ludovic |title=Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France |journal=Science Advances |date=24 February 2023 |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=eadd4675 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.add4675|pmid=36812314 |pmc=9946345 |bibcode=2023SciA....9D4675M }}

File:Estimated sequence of local cortical expansion from the last common ancestor of rodents and primates to Homo.webp]]

• Paleoneurologists publish the first neuroevolutionary timeline about correlations of {{tooltip|changes|e.g. localised cortical expansions}} in the shape of the cerebral cortex and functions, showing "variability in surface geometry relates to species' ecology and behaviour" and cognition. It characterizes many of the neuromorphological events in the origin of {{tooltip|distinct|the evolution of the brain characteristic to modern humans distinct from other animals with differences between these being a subject of paleoneurology}} human intelligence over the past 77 million years.{{cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Ernst |last2=Nenning |first2=Karl-Heinz |last3=Heuer |first3=Katja |last4=Jeffery |first4=Nathan |last5=Bertrand |first5=Ornella C. |last6=Toro |first6=Roberto |last7=Kasprian |first7=Gregor |last8=Prayer |first8=Daniela |last9=Langs |first9=Georg |title=Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology |journal=Nature Communications |date=20 April 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=2252 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37574-x |pmid=37080952 |pmc=10119184 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2252S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}

File:Best models for the human evolutionary origins – a weakly structured stem best describes two-locus statistics.webp

• Genetic anthropologists report a more complex pathway of human evolution using ancient genomes and new models. They conclude humans evolved from different places and times in Africa, instead of from a single location and period of time.{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Study Offers New Twist in How the First Humans Evolved - A new genetic analysis of 290 people suggests that humans emerged at various times and places in Africa. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/science/human-origins-africa.html |date=17 May 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230517235653/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/science/human-origins-africa.html |archive-date=17 May 2023 |access-date=18 May 2023 }}{{cite journal |last1=Ragsdale |first1=Aaron P. |first2=Timothy D. |last2=Weaver |first3=Elizabeth G. |last3=Atkinson |first4=Eileen G. |last4=Hoal |first5=Marlo |last5=Möller |first6=Brenna M. |last6=Henn |title=A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa |date=17 May 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=167 |issue=7962 |pages=755–763 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06055-y |pmid=37198480 |pmc=10208968 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..755R }}
• A phylogenetic study proposes a hybrid of the farming and steppe hypotheses for the origin {{tooltip|of Indo-European languages|which are spoken by almost half the world's population}}, contradicting elements of both.{{cite journal |last1=Heggarty |first1=Paul |last2=Anderson |first2=Cormac |last3=Scarborough |first3=Matthew |last4=King |first4=Benedict |display-authors=et al. |title=Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages |journal=Science |date=28 July 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6656 |pages=eabg0818 |doi=10.1126/science.abg0818 |pmid=37499002 |hdl=10234/204329 |s2cid=260202659 |url=https://www.science.org/stoken/author-tokens/ST-1344/full |language=en |issn=0036-8075|hdl-access=free }}
• Researchers report a theory linking a reduction in prey size in the Paleolithic to the evolution of technologies and cognitive abilities as they had to change their behaviors, skills, weapons, and strategies.{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Dor |first1=Miki |last2=Barkai |first2=Ran |title=The Evolution of Paleolithic Hunting Weapons: A Response to Declining Prey Size |journal=Quaternary |date=September 2023 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=46 |doi=10.3390/quat6030046 |language=en |issn=2571-550X|doi-access=free}}
• University press release: {{cite news |title=Small prey compelled prehistoric humans to produce appropriate hunting weapons and improve their cognitive abilities |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-09-small-prey-compelled-prehistoric-humans.html |work=Tel-Aviv University via phys.org |language=en}}

*The world's oldest wooden construction, discovered in 2019 in Zambia and dating back ~476,000 years, is reported. It represents an unexpected early capacity to shape tree trunks into large combined structures, changing views of the technical cognition of early hominins.{{Cite web |title=World's oldest wooden structure found in Zambia – DW – 09/20/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/worlds-oldest-wooden-structure-found-in-zambia/a-66878895 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=dw.com |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Barham |first1=L. |last2=Duller |first2=G. a. T. |last3=Candy |first3=I. |last4=Scott |first4=C. |last5=Cartwright |first5=C. R. |last6=Peterson |first6=J. R. |last7=Kabukcu |first7=C. |last8=Chapot |first8=M. S. |last9=Melia |first9=F. |last10=Rots |first10=V. |last11=George |first11=N. |last12=Taipale |first12=N. |last13=Gethin |first13=P. |last14=Nkombwe |first14=P. |title=Evidence for the earliest structural use of wood at least 476,000 years ago |journal=Nature |date=October 2023 |volume=622 |issue=7981 |pages=107–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06557-9 |pmid=37730994 |pmc=10550827 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023Natur.622..107B }}

• Crespo et al. (2023) describe a diverse Early Miocene dormice assemblage from the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain), including several taxa reported for the first time from the studied basin.{{Cite journal |last1=Crespo |first1=V. D. |last2=Ríos |first2=M. |last3=Marquina-Blasco |first3=R. |last4=Montoya |first4=P. |title=They are all over the place! The exceptional high biodiversity of dormice in the Early Miocene of the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain) |year=2023 |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=45 |issue=20 |pages=589–641 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a20 |s2cid=265227947 |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/20 |url-access=subscription }}
• A study on the dietary habits of extinct squirrels, as indicated by tooth morphology of extant and extinct taxa, is published by Menéndez et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Menéndez |first1=I. |last2=Zelditch |first2=M. L. |last3=Tejero-Cicuéndez |first3=H. |last4=Swiderski |first4=D. L. |last5=Carro-Rodríguez |first5=P. M. |last6=Hernández Fernández |first6=M. |last7=Álvarez-Sierra |first7=M. Á. |last8=Gómez Cano |first8=A. R. |year=2023 |title=Dietary adaptations and tooth morphology in squirrels: Insights from extant and extinct species |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=629 |at=111788 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111788 |s2cid=261307723 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PPP...62911788M |hdl=10261/349458 |hdl-access=free }}
• Sinitsa, Tleuberdina & Pita (2023) describe fossil material of Sinotamias orientalis from the Miocene Pavlodar (Gusinyi Perelet) fossil site in northern Kazakhstan, documenting previously unknown skull features of Sinotamias, and interpret the anatomy of the studied fossils as suggestive of a close phylogenetic relationship between Sinotamias and extant antelope squirrels and members of the genus Callospermophilus.{{Cite journal|last1=Sinitsa |first1=M. V. |last2=Tleuberdina |first2=P. A. |last3=Pita |first3=O. M. |year=2023 |title=Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the Late Miocene Pavlodar fossil site in northern Kazakhstan: implications for cranial anatomy and evolutionary history of the early marmotine ground squirrel genus Sinotamias |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2804–2816 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2278159 |s2cid=265169407 }}
• Sinitsa & Tesakov (2023) describe fossil material of squirrels from the Miocene strata from the Tagay site (Olkhon Island, Russia), interpreted as indicative of the presence of wooded biotopes, and including fossil material of Blackia cf. miocaenica, found more than 4000 km from the previously known easternmost occurrences of Blackia.{{Cite journal|last1=Sinitsa |first1=M. |last2=Tesakov |first2=A. |year=2023 |title=Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae) of the Early Miocene Tagay fauna in Eastern Siberia |journal=Biological Communications |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=273–290 |doi=10.21638/spbu03.2023.407 |doi-access=free }}
• A study aiming to determine the locomotor behaviour of Diamantomys luederitzi on the basis of its skull and distal humerus morphologies is published by Bento Da Costa, Bardin & Senut (2023), who find evidence for fossorial, terrestrial and arboreal behaviour in different analyses, possibly indicative of a generalist lifestyle and/or intraspecific variation.{{Cite journal|last1=Bento Da Costa |first1=L. |last2=Bardin |first2=J. |last3=Senut |first3=B. |year=2023 |title=Locomotor adaptations in the Early Miocene species Diamantomys luederitzi (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Uganda (Napak) |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=284 |issue=3 |pages=e21560 |doi=10.1002/jmor.21560 |pmid=36715561 |s2cid=256387920 |doi-access=free }}
• The first description of the endocast of Prospaniomys priscus is presented by Arnaudo & Arnal (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Arnaudo |first1=M. E. |last2=Arnal |first2=M. |year=2023 |title=First virtual endocast description of an early Miocene representative of Pan-Octodontoidea (Caviomorpha, Hystricognathi) and considerations on the early encephalic evolution in South American rodents |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=454–476 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2022.98 |bibcode=2023JPal...97..454A |s2cid=256216328 }}
• Fossil tetrapod burrows, interpreted as produced by a communal species (most likely a member of the genus Lagostomus), are described from the Cerro Azul Formation (Argentina) by Cardonatto, Feola & Melchor (2023), who name a new ichnotaxon Maneraichnus pampeanum.{{Cite journal|last1=Cardonatto |first1=M. C. |last2=Feola |first2=S. |last3=Melchor |first3=R. N. |year=2023 |title=Neogene communal rodent burrow systems from central Argentina |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=1697–1711 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2228319 |s2cid=259616149 }}
• Lechner & Böhme (2023) describe the extensive set of dental remains of Euroxenomys minutus from the Hammerschmiede clay pit (Germany), representing the largest set of the fossil material of this beaver from the Miocene, and interpret the studied material as indicative of mortality patterns of E. minutus from rivulets, rivers and swamps, which differs from the fossil record of Steneofiber depereti which shows evidence of different mortality patterns in different environments, and might indicate differences in the ecology of the two beaver species and greater vulnerability of E. minutus to predation.{{Cite journal|last1=Lechner |first1=T. |last2=Böhme |first2=M. |year=2023 |title=The largest record of the minute beaver Euroxenomys minutus (Mammalia, Castoridae) from the early Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Southern Germany) and palaeoecological considerations |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=1415–1430 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2215236 |s2cid=259680420 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence indicating that skull and postcranial morphology of Castor californicus falls largely within the range of variation seen within the North American beaver is presented by Lubbers & Samuels (2023), who interpret their findings as consistent with C. californicus and the North American beaver representing chronospecies, and confirming that the studied beavers can be considered ecological analogs.{{cite journal|last1=Lubbers |first1=K. E. |last2=Samuels |first2=J. X. |title=Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=26 |issue=3 |at=26.3.a35 |doi=10.26879/1284 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on tooth wear stages in blind mole-rats from the Pliocene sites in Greece and Turkey, and on their implications for blind mole-rat taxonomy, is published by Skandalos & van den Hoek Ostende (2023), who consider Pliospalax sotirisi to be a junior synonym of P. macoveii.{{cite journal|last1=Skandalos |first1=P. |last2=van den Hoek Ostende |first2=L. W. |title=Wear-dependent molar morphology in hypsodont rodents: The case of the spalacine Pliospalax |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=26 |issue=3 |at=26.3.a47 |doi=10.26879/1322 |doi-access=free }}
• Patnaik et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of the rhizomyine species Rhizomyides lydekkeri from the late Pliocene Siwalik localities Khetpurali and Kanthro (India), consider R. saketiensis to be a junior synonym of R. lydekkeri, interpret R. lydekkeri as moderately fossorial, and study the phylogenetic affinities of this rodent, recovering it as a member of a grade of late Miocene and Pliocene members of the genus Rhizomyides from the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan.{{cite book |last1=Patnaik |first1=R. |last2=Flynn |first2=L. J. |last3=Kumar |first3=R. |last4=Singh |first4=B. |last5=Krishan |first5=K. |year=2023 |chapter=New rhizomyine rodent specimens from the late Pliocene (upper Siwaliks) of India: phylogenetic implications |editor=Yuong-Nam Lee |title=Windows into sauropsid and synapsid evolution. Essays in honor of Louis L. Jacobs |publisher=Dinosaur Science Center Press |pages=290–305 |isbn=978-89-5708-358-1 }}
• Xie, Zhang & Li (2023) describe large-sized hamster material from the Middle Pleistocene Locality 2 of Shanyangzhai (Hebei, China), interpreted as remains of the greater long-tailed hamster, and reinterpret Cricetinus varians as a subspecies of the greater long-tailed hamster, resulting in a new combination Tscherskia triton varians.{{Cite journal|last1=Xie |first1=K. |last2=Zhang |first2=Y. |last3=Li |first3=Y. |year=2023 |title=Large-sized fossil hamsters from the late Middle Pleistocene Locality 2 of Shanyangzhai, China, and discussion on the validity of Cricetinus and C. varians (Rodentia: Cricetidae) |journal=PeerJ |volume=11 |at=e15604 |doi=10.7717/peerj.15604 |pmid=37529209 |pmc=10389077 |doi-access=free }}
• The first Pliocene sigmodontines found in South America outside Argentina, representing the oldest known records of the genera Zygodontomys and Oligoryzomys, are reported from the San Gregorio Formation (Venezuela) by Ronez et al. (2023), who interpret this finding as supporting the possibility of a dispersal of the ancestors of sigmodontines into South America through the Antilles corridor, as well as potentially supporting the existence of open landscapes allowing the interchange between north and south portions of South America during the Neogene.{{Cite journal|last1=Ronez |first1=C. |last2=Carrillo-Briceño |first2=J. D. |last3=Hadler |first3=P. |last4=Sánchez-Villagra |first4=M. R. |last5=Pardiñas |first5=U. F. J. |year=2023 |title=Pliocene sigmodontine rodents (Mammalia: Cricetidae) in northernmost South America: test of biogeographic hypotheses and revised evolutionary scenarios |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=8 |at=221417 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221417 |pmid=37538748 |pmc=10394426 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1021417R |doi-access=free }}
• Sehgal et al. (2023) describe a new assemblage of Miocene rodents from the Siwalik site of Dunera (India), including fossil material which might extend known age ranges of Progonomys cf. hussaini and cf. Tamias urialis.{{cite journal|last1=Sehgal |first1=R. K. |last2=Singh |first2=A. P. |last3=Singh |first3=N. P. |last4=Gilbert |first4=C. C. |last5=Patel |first5=B. A. |last6=Patnaik |first6=R. |title=First report of rodents from the Miocene Siwalik locality of Dunera, Pathankot District, Punjab, India |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=26 |issue=3 |at=26.3.a49 |doi=10.26879/1308 |doi-access=free }}
• Winkler (2023) describes new fossil material of late Miocene and early Pliocene rodents from the Tugen Hills (Kenya), including some of the earliest records of members of the genera Paraxerus, Arvicanthis, either Grammomys or Thallomys and possibly also Heliosciurus.{{cite book |last=Winkler |first=A. J. |year=2023 |chapter=Late Miocene and early Pliocene rodents from the Tugen Hills, western Kenya |editor=Yuong-Nam Lee |title=Windows into sauropsid and synapsid evolution. Essays in honor of Louis L. Jacobs |publisher=Dinosaur Science Center Press |pages=306–331 |isbn=978-89-5708-358-1 }}

• López-Torres et al. (2023) present the first virtual endocast of an anagalid (the holotype of Anagale gobiensis), reporting evidence of the presence of traits observed in fossorial mammals, and of relatively large olfactory bulbs suggesting that A. gobiensis was olfaction-driven.{{cite journal |last1=López-Torres |first1=S. |last2=Bertrand |first2=O. C. |last3=Lang |first3=M. M. |last4=Fostowicz-Frelik |first4=Ł. |last5=Silcox |first5=M. T. |last6=Meng |first6=J. |year=2023 |title=Cranial endocast of Anagale gobiensis (Anagalidae) and its implications for early brain evolution in Euarchontoglires |journal=Palaeontology |volume=66 |issue=3 |at=e12650 |doi=10.1111/pala.12650 |bibcode=2023Palgy..6612650L |s2cid=259031941 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the morphology of the mandibles of members of the stem group of Glires from the Paleocene of China, providing evidence of diversification and specialization of chewing modes interpreted as indicative of different dietary specializations, is published by Fostowicz-Frelik, Cox & Li (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Fostowicz-Frelik |first1=Ł. |last2=Cox |first2=P. G. |last3=Li |first3=Q. |year=2023 |title=Mandibular characteristics of early Glires (Mammalia) reveal mixed rodent and lagomorph morphotypes |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=378 |issue=1880 |at=20220087 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2022.0087 |pmid=37183896 |pmc=10184241 }}
• Evidence from ancient DNA interpreted as supporting the placement of the Sardinian pika in an independent sister group to the family Ochotonidae is presented by Utzeri et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Utzeri |first1=V. J. |last2=Cilli |first2=E. |last3=Fontani |first3=F. |last4=Zoboli |first4=D. |last5=Orsini |first5=M. |last6=Ribani |first6=A. |last7=Latorre |first7=A. |last8=Lissovsky |first8=A. A. |last9=Pillola |first9=G. L. |last10=Bovo |first10=S. |last11=Gruppioni |first11=G. |last12=Luiselli |first12=D. |last13=Fontanesi |first13=L. |year=2023 |title=Ancient DNA re-opens the question of the phylogenetic position of the Sardinian pika Prolagus sardus (Wagner, 1829), an extinct lagomorph |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=13635 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-40746-w |pmid=37604894 |pmc=10442435 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1313635U |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the bone histology of the Sardinian pika specimens from the Late Pleistocene Grotta della Medusa, providing evidence of weaning of pups at large size, delayed maturation and minimum lifespan of 8 years, is published by Fernández-Bejarano et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Fernández-Bejarano |first1=E. |last2=Blanco |first2=A. |last3=Angelone |first3=C. |last4=Zhang |first4=Z. |last5=Moncunill-Solé |first5=B. |year=2023 |title=Bone histology of the Late Pleistocene Prolagus sardus (Lagomorpha: Mammalia) provides further insights into life-history strategy of insular giant small mammals |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=201 |issue=1 |pages=169–183 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad112 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the structure of the bony labyrinth of Megalagus turgidus, interpreted as indicative of rabbit-like hearing sensitivity and locomotor behavior, is published by López-Torres et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=López-Torres |first1=S. |last2=Bhagat |first2=R. |last3=Bertrand |first3=O. C. |last4=Silcox |first4=M. T. |last5=Fostowicz-Frelik |first5=Ł. |year=2023 |title=Locomotor behavior and hearing sensitivity in an early lagomorph reconstructed from the bony labyrinth |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=13 |issue=3 |at=e9890 |doi=10.1002/ece3.9890 |pmid=36942029 |pmc=10024310 |bibcode=2023EcoEv..13E9890L }}
• A study on the bone histology of Nuralagus rex, providing evidence of slow growth and delayed maturity, is published by Köhler et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Köhler |first1=M. |last2=Nacarino-Meneses |first2=C. |last3=Quintana Cardona |first3=J. |last4=Arnold |first4=W. |last5=Stalder |first5=G. |last6=Suchentrunk |first6=F. |last7=Moyà-Solà |first7=S. |year=2023 |title=Insular giant leporid matured later than predicted by scaling |journal=iScience |volume=26 |issue=9 |at=107654 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2023.107654 |pmid=37694152 |pmc=10485033 |bibcode=2023iSci...26j7654K |s2cid=260990184 }}
• The first frozen mummy of an adult Pleistocene hare Lepus tanaiticus is described from Sakha (Russia) by Boeskorov, Chernova & Shchelchkova (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Boeskorov |first1=G. G. |last2=Chernova |first2=O. F. |last3=Shchelchkova |first3=M. V. |title=First Find of a Frozen Mummy of the Fossil Don Hare Lepus tanaiticus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the Pleistocene of Yakutia |year=2023 |journal=Doklady Earth Sciences |volume=510 |issue=1 |pages=298–302 |doi=10.1134/S1028334X23600056 |bibcode=2023DokES.510..298B |s2cid=258478095 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from mitochondrial DNA interpreted as indicating that "Lepus tanaiticus" represents an ancient morphotype of the mountain hare rather than a distinct species is presented by Rabiniak et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Rabiniak |first1=E. |last2=Rekovets |first2=L. |last3=Kovalchuk |first3=O. |last4=Baca |first4=M. |last5=Popović |first5=D. |last6=Strzała |first6=T. |last7=Barkaszi |first7=Z. |title=Hares from the Late Pleistocene of Ukraine: a phylogenetic analysis and the status of Lepus tanaiticus (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) |year=2023 |journal=Biologia |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=87–99 |doi=10.1007/s11756-023-01499-z |s2cid=260995182 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Biolg..79...87R }}
• White et al. (2023) present the virtual endocast of a specimen of Niptomomys cf. N. doreenae from the Paleocene of Wyoming (United States), and interpret the anatomy of the brain of this plesiadapiform as consistent with the interpretations of plesiadapiforms as being more olfaction-focused than euprimates.{{Cite journal |last1=White |first1=C. L. |last2=Bloch |first2=J. I. |last3=Morse |first3=P. E. |last4=Silcox |first4=M. T. |year=2023 |title=Virtual endocast of late Paleocene Niptomomys (Microsyopidae, Euarchonta) and early primate brain evolution |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=175 |at=103303 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103303 |pmid=36608392 |s2cid=255501297 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JHumE.17503303W }}
• A study on the distal phalanx morphology in plesiadapiforms is published by Maiolino et al. (2023), who report the presence of morphological similarities to extant mammals adapted to vertical climbing, as well as evidence of adaptations to different ways of grasping tree branches when climbing in different plesiadapiform taxa.{{cite journal |last1=Maiolino |first1=S. A. |last2=Chester |first2=S. G. B. |last3=Boyer |first3=D. M. |last4=Bloch |first4=J. I. |year=2023 |title=Functional morphology of plesiadapiform distal phalanges and implications for the evolution of arboreality in Paleogene euarchontans |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=1107–1153 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09677-1 |s2cid=261037214 }}

• A study on the evolution of the body length of cetaceans, providing evidence of very few global shifts in body length after cetaceans entered the oceans, but also of multiple local, more taxonomically restricted shifts, is published by Burin et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Burin |first1=G. |last2=Park |first2=T. |last3=James |first3=T. D. |last4=Slater |first4=G. J. |last5=Cooper |first5=N. |title=The dynamic adaptive landscape of cetacean body size |year=2023 |journal=Current Biology |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=1787–1794.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.014 |pmid=36990088 |s2cid=257775627 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CBio...33E1787B }}
• A study on the morphological diversity of lower jaws of cetaceans throughout their evolutionary history is published by Coombs et al. (2023), who find evidence of two periods of rapid evolution resulting in the greatest morphological diversity (in the early to mid-Eocene archaeocetes and in the mid-Oligocene toothed whales), and identify dietary specializations and echolocation as evolutionary drivers with the strongest influence on the lower jaw morphology.{{Cite journal|last1=Coombs |first1=E. J. |last2=Knapp |first2=A. |last3=Park |first3=T. |last4=Bennion |first4=R. F. |last5=McCurry |first5=M. R. |last6=Lanzetti |first6=A. |last7=Boessenecker |first7=R. W. |last8=McGowen |first8=M. R. |title=Drivers of morphological evolution in the toothed whale jaw |year=2023 |journal=Current Biology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=273–285.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.056 |pmid=38118449 |doi-access=free }}
• A hindlimb of a fully aquatic cetacean living 43–42 million years ago is described from Ukraine by Davydenko et al. (2023), who interpret this finding as indicating that some early fully aquatic cetaceans had functional hindlimbs that could be involved in advanced styles of swimming.{{Cite journal|last1=Davydenko |first1=S. |last2=Solyanik |first2=E. |last3=Tretiakov |first3=R. |last4=Kovalchuk |first4=O. |last5=Gol'din |first5=P. |title=A cetacean limb from the Middle Eocene of Ukraine sheds light on mammalian adaptations to life in water |year=2023 |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=331–340 |doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blad131 }}
• Davydenko et al. (2023) describe an isolated tibia fragment from the Eocene of Helmstedt (Germany), which most likely belonged to an archaeocete and might represent either the first record of Protocetidae from Europe or evidence that early basilosaurids had large, protocetid-like hindlimbs.{{Cite journal|last1=Davydenko |first1=S. |last2=Gol'din |first2=P. |last3=Bosselaers |first3=M. |last4=Vahldiek |first4=B. |last5=van Vliet |first5=H. J. |title=Gross and microscopic anatomy of a tibia tentatively attributed to a cetacean from the Middle Eocene of Europe, with a note on the artiodactyl Anoplotherium and on the perissodactyl Lophiodon |year=2023 |journal=PalZ |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=627–652 |doi=10.1007/s12542-023-00653-x |bibcode=2023PalZ...97..627D |s2cid=259897461 }}
• Van Vliet et al. (2023) assign a cetacean vertebra from the Eocene (Lutetian or Bartonian) strata of the Folgarolas/Folgueroles Formation (Spain) to a small-sized species of Pachycetus, expanding the geographic distribution of this genus to southwestern Europe.{{Cite journal|last1=van Vliet |first1=H. J. |last2=Bosselaers |first2=M. |last3=Paijmans |first3=T. |last4=Calzada |first4=S. |year=2023 |title=An archaeocete vertebra re-examined: indications for a small-sized species of Pachycetus from Spain, Europe |journal=Deinsea |volume=21 |pages=1–16 |url=https://natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/1022091 }}
• A study on the bone microanatomy of two basilosaurid specimens from the Eocene deposits of Ukraine assigned to the genus Basilotritus, providing evidence of an advanced system of ballast distribution in the skeleton, is published by Davydenko, Tretiakov & Gol'din (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Davydenko |first1=S. |last2=Tretiakov |first2=R. |last3=Gol'din |first3=P. |year=2023 |title=Diverse bone microanatomy in cetaceans from the Eocene of Ukraine further documents early adaptations to fully aquatic lifestyle |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=11 |at=1168681 |doi=10.3389/feart.2023.1168681 |bibcode=2023FrEaS..1168681D |doi-access=free }}
• Revision of the eurhinodelphinid cranial material from the Miocene Pietra da Cantoni Formation in the Monferrato area (Piedmont, Italy) is published by Tosetto et al. (2023), who also study the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of eurhinodelphinids, interpreting their presence in the Mediterranean, Northwest Atlantic and Paratethys as the result of different dispersal events from a Northeast Atlantic center of origin.{{Cite journal|last1=Tosetto |first1=V. |last2=Damarco |first2=P. |last3=Daniello |first3=R. |last4=Pavia |first4=M. |last5=Carnevale |first5=G. |last6=Bisconti |first6=M. |title=Cranial Material of Long-Snouted Dolphins (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Eurhinodelphinidae) from the Early Miocene of Rosignano Monferrato, Piedmont (NW Italy): Anatomy, Paleoneurology, Phylogenetic Relationships and Paleobiogeography |year=2023 |journal=Diversity |volume=15 |issue=2 |at=227 |doi=10.3390/d15020227 |doi-access=free }}
• Viglino et al. (2023) describe tooth enamel and dentin microstructure in Notocetus vanbenedeni and Phoberodon arctirostris, and interpret their findings as indicative of a raptorial feeding strategy in P. arctirostris and of a combination suction feeding method in N. vanbenedeni, as well as indicative of greater diversity of tooth morphology and enamel structure in extant toothed whales than in extinct ones.{{Cite journal|last1=Viglino |first1=M. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=M. D. |last3=Fordyce |first3=R. E. |last4=Loch |first4=C. |year=2023 |title=The better to eat you with: morphological disparity and enamel ultrastructure in odontocetes |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=16969 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-44112-8 |pmid=37807006 |pmc=10560669 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1316969V }}
• Benites-Palomino et al. (2023) report the discovery of new fossil material of Caribbean cetaceans from the Miocene Chagres Formation (Panama), including Piscolithax sp. cf. Acrophyseter sp. and indeterminate scaphokogiine, and consider the studied assemblage to have the closest affinities with the cetacean assemblage from the Pisco Formation (Peru), providing evidence that the Caribbean–Pacific water interchange continued during the shallowing of the Central American Seaway in the Miocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Benites-Palomino |first1=A. |last2=Vélez-Juarbe |first2=J. |last3=De Gracia |first3=C. |last4=Jaramillo |first4=C. |year=2023 |title=Bridging two oceans: small toothed cetaceans (Odontoceti) from the Late Miocene Chagres Formation, eastern Caribbean (Colon, Panama) |journal=Biology Letters |volume=19 |issue=6 |at=20230124 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2023.0124 |pmid=37340808 |pmc=10282590 }}
• Fossil material of a member of Chaeomysticeti, representing the largest baleen whale from the early Miocene reported to date, is described from the Mannum Formation (Australia) by Rule et al. (2023), who argue that baleen whales first evolved large body size in the Southern Hemisphere.{{Cite journal|last1=Rule |first1=J. P. |last2=Duncan |first2=R. J. |last3=Marx |first3=F. G. |last4=Pollock |first4=T. I. |last5=Evans |first5=A. R. |last6=Fitzgerald |first6=E. M. G. |title=Giant baleen whales emerged from a cold southern cradle |year=2023 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=290 |issue=2013 |at=20232177 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2023.2177 |pmid=38113937 |pmc=10730287 }}
• Ritsche & Hampe (2023) describe periotic bones of two basal members of Balaenomorpha from the Miocene Biemenhorst Subformation of the Breda Formation (Germany), showing characters or character combinations never seen before in known baleen whales, and revise important anatomical characteristics of the periotic bones of baleen whales.{{cite journal|last1=Ritsche |first1=I. S. |last2=Hampe |first2=O. |title=Two exceptional Balaenomorpha (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Biemenhorst Subformation (middle/late Miocene) of Bocholt (W Münsterland, Germany) with a critical appraisal on the anatomy of the periotic bone |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=26 |issue=3 |at=26.3.a37 |doi=10.26879/1268 |doi-access=free }}
• Tanaka, Nagasawa & Oba (2023) describe a skull of a rorqual from the Pliocene-Pleistocene Shinazawa Formation (Japan), identified as aff. Balaenoptera bertae and extending known geographic range of the lineage of B. bertae (formerly known only from the Pliocene Purisima Formation, California, United States).{{Cite journal |last1=Tanaka |first1=Y. |last2=Nagasawa |first2=K. |last3=Oba |first3=S. |year=2023 |title=A New Fossil Rorqual Aff. Balaenoptera bertae Specimen from the Shinazawa Formation (Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene), Yamagata, Japan |journal=Paleontological Research |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=324–332 |doi=10.2517/PR210038 |s2cid=255441190 }}
• Govender & Marx (2023) describe new baleen whale fossils the early Pliocene localities of Saldanha Steel, Milnerton and Langebaanweg (South Africa), including fossils of rorquals belonging to the genera Diunatans and Fragilicetus (previously known only from the North Sea), as well as potentially younger specimens trawled from the seafloor off the Cape Peninsula and south coast of South Africa, including the first pygmy right whale fossil material from Africa reported to date.{{cite journal |last1=Govender |first1=R. |last2=Marx |first2=F. G. |year=2023 |title=New cetacean fossils from the late Cenozoic of South Africa |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=10 |at=1058104 |doi=10.3389/feart.2022.1058104 |bibcode=2023FrEaS..1058104G |doi-access=free }}

• Evidence indicating that the turnover of European even-toed ungulates during the Eocene-Oligocene transition was more likely caused by environmental changes than by competition between endemic and immigrant ungulates is presented by Weppe et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Weppe |first1=R. |last2=Condamine |first2=F. L. |last3=Guinot |first3=G. |last4=Maugoust |first4=J. |last5=Orliac |first5=M. J. |year=2023 |title=Drivers of the artiodactyl turnover in insular western Europe at the Eocene–Oligocene Transition |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=120 |issue=52 |pages=e2309945120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2309945120 |pmid=38109543 |pmc=10756263 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12009945W |s2cid=266359889 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04355127 }}
• Watmore et al. (2023) revise the systematics of the late Eocene "oreonetine" oreodonts, interpreting Oreonetinae as a paraphyletic group and reinterpreting Limnenetes as a leptauchenine.{{Cite journal|last1=Watmore |first1=K. I. |last2=Stevens |first2=M. S. |last3=Prothero |first3=D. R. |last4=Marriott |first4=K. |year=2023 |title=Systematics of the late Eocene 'oreonetine' oreodonts (Merycoidodontidae: Artiodactyla) |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=1834–1853 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2234390 |s2cid=259941639 }}
• A new specimen of Camelops hesternus is described from the Late Pleistocene sediments of the Cerro Grande de la Mesa Calderón monogenetic volcano (Valsequillo Basin, Mexico) by Carbot-Chanona et al. (2023), who determine the studied specimen to have a browsing diet, and estimate low population density of C. hesternus in the Valsequillo Basin.{{Cite journal|last1=Carbot-Chanona |first1=G. |last2=Jiménez-Moreno |first2=F. J. |last3=Palomino-Merino |first3=M. R. |last4=Agustín-Serrano |first4=R. |title=A new specimen of Camelops hesternus (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) from Valsequillo, Puebla, Mexico, with comments about their dietary preferences and the population density of the species |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |year=2023 |volume=130 |at=104594 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104594 |bibcode=2023JSAES.13004594C |s2cid=262062519 }}
• Tsubamoto, Kunimatsu & Nakatsukasa (2023) describe fossil material of Cainochoerus from the Miocene Nakali Formation (Kenya), representing the oldest record of the genus reported to date.{{Cite journal |last1=Tsubamoto |first1=T. |last2=Kunimatsu |first2=Y. |last3=Nakatsukasa |first3=M. |title=Discovery of Cainochoerus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae, Cainochoerinae) from the basal upper Miocene Nakali Formation, Kenya |year=2023 |journal=PalZ |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=621–626 |doi=10.1007/s12542-023-00656-8 |bibcode=2023PalZ...97..621T |s2cid=259307207 }}
• Wimberly (2023) determines which skeletal proxies are the best predictors of body mass in extant ruminants, and estimates the body mass of Cosoryx furcatus, Aletomeryx sp. and Bison antiquus.{{Cite journal|last=Wimberly |first=A. N. |title=Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=284 |issue=10 |at=e21636 |doi=10.1002/jmor.21636 |pmid=37708510 |s2cid=261864163 |doi-access=free }}
• New information on the anatomy of the skull of Hypisodus minimus is provided by Keppeler et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Keppeler |first1=H. |last2=Schultz |first2=J. A. |last3=Ruf |first3=I. |last4=Martin |first4=T. |title=Cranial anatomy of Hypisodus minimus (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia) from the Oligocene Brule Formation of North America |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A |volume=327 |issue=1–3 |pages=55–92 |doi=10.1127/pala/2023/0140 |bibcode=2023PalAA.327...55K |s2cid=257336641 }}
• Solounias & Jukar (2023) report new occurrences of Vishnutherium iravadicum, Honanotherium, Birgerbolhinia schaubi and Bramatherium sp. from the Vallesian and Turolian faunas of the Siwaliks, Pikermi, Samos and Maragheh, and re-classify "Giraffa" priscilla as Vishnutherium priscillium.{{cite book |last1=Solounias |first1=N. |last2=Jukar |first2=A. M. |title=Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems |year=2023 |chapter=A Reassessment of Some Giraffidae Specimens from the Late Miocene Faunas of Eurasia |editor1=Isaac Casanovas-Vilar |editor2=Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende |editor3=Christine M. Janis |editor4=Juha Saarinen |series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology |pages=189–200 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-17491-9_12 |isbn=978-3-031-17490-2 }}
• Avilla, Román-Carrión & Rotti (2023) reinterpret the fossil material of Agalmaceros and Charitoceros as remains of the white-tailed deer, and consider the thorns of the antlers characterizing Agalmaceros and Charitoceros to be the symptom of a pathology that also affects extant deers.{{Cite journal|last1=Avilla |first1=L. S. |last2=Román-Carrión |first2=J. L. |last3=Rotti |first3=A. |title=A thorny taxonomic issue of Quaternary deer (Cervidae: Mammalia) from the South American Highlands resolved based on the recognition of a paleopathology |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1200–1205 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3577 |s2cid=265082637 }}
• Uzunidis et al. (2023) describe fossil material of the Irish elk from the Teixoneres Cave, representing the first record of this species from the late Pleistocene of the eastern Iberian Peninsula, and interpret the fossil record of the Irish elk from the Iberian Peninsula in general to be indicative of rare incursions during the colder periods associated with a drop in sea level making it possible to bypass the Pyrenees, and indicative of differences in diets of Iberian individuals and Northern European individuals.{{Cite journal|last1=Uzunidis |first1=A. |last2=Rivals |first2=F. |last3=Rufà |first3=A. |last4=Blasco |first4=R. |last5=Rosell |first5=J. |title=The Exceptional Presence of Megaloceros giganteus in North-Eastern Iberia and Its Palaeoecological Implications: The Case of Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) |year=2023 |journal=Diversity |volume=15 |issue=2 |at=299 |doi=10.3390/d15020299 |doi-access=free |hdl=10400.1/19317 |hdl-access=free }}
• Evidence from the study of pollen preserved with of an Irish elk specimen from the Marker Wadden (the Netherlands) living during the early Eemian or during an early Weichselian interstadial, interpret as indicating that the studied specimen foraged in a savannah-like landscape with a semi-arid climate, dominated by closed, mainly tall-herb vegetation, is presented by van der Knaap et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=van der Knaap |first1=W. O. |last2=van Geel |first2=B. |last3=van Leeuwen |first3=J. F. N. |last4=Roescher |first4=F. |last5=Mol |first5=D. |title=Pollen reveals the diet and environment of an extinct Pleistocene giant deer from the Netherlands |year=2023 |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=320 |at=105021 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.105021 |s2cid=265239237 |doi-access=free }}
• Mecozzi, Sardella & Breda (2023) review fossil material of fallow deers from the late Early Pleistocene to the late Middle Pleistocene sites in Italy, and report that, in addition to the antler characters, morphological features of skull and teeth (especially of the lower teeth) might be useful for the distinction among different fallow deer taxa.{{Cite journal |last1=Mecozzi |first1=B. |last2=Sardella |first2=R. |last3=Breda |first3=M. |year=2023 |title=Late Early to late Middle Pleistocene medium-sized deer from the Italian Peninsula: implications for taxonomy and biochronology |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=191–215 |doi=10.1007/s12549-023-00583-1 |s2cid=260792719 |doi-access=free |hdl=11573/1706615 |hdl-access=free }}
• Klein et al. (2023) describe partial bony labyrinth of a fetus of Miotragocerus pannoniae from the Miocene locality Höwenegg (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) and compare it with bony labyrinths of adult specimens from the same locality, providing the first information on the growth and ontogenetic variation of this structure in a fossil bovid.{{Cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=F. |last2=Costeur |first2=L. |last3=Ferreira |first3=G. S. |last4=Hartung |first4=J. |year=2023 |title=The bony labyrinth of the Miocene boselaphin bovid Miotragocerus pannoniae: insights into ontogeny |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=2 |at=e2153226 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2022.2153226 |s2cid=255621131 }}
• Description of new fossil material of Miotragocerus gregarius from the Linxia Basin and Fugu County (China) and a study on the affinities of this bovid is published by Shi & Zhang (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Shi |first1=Q.-Q. |last2=Zhang |first2=Z.-Q. |year=2023 |title=New material of Miotragocerus (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from northern China and its systematic implications |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=21 |issue=1 |at=2194891 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2194891 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2194891S |s2cid=258363831 }}
• New fossil material of Neotragocerus is described from the Hemphillian Fort Rock Formation (Oregon, United States) by Martin & Mead (2023), who interpret the anatomy of members of this genus as indicative of boselaphine affinities, retain N. improvisus as a valid species, and consider N. lindgreni to be a nomen dubium.{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=J. E. |last2=Mead |first2=J. I. |year=2023 |title=The earliest known North American bovid, Neotragocerus |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=2 |at=e2163176 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2022.2163176 |s2cid=256724685 }}
• A study on the population dynamics of bisons from the Northern Great Plains, based on data from mitochondrial genomes from remains with the age ranging from 12,226 to 167 calibrated years before present, is published by Ovchinnikov & McCann (2023), who report evidence of two-fold population increase immediately following the Last Glacial Maximum, evidence indicating that the population of bisons was stable for at least 4000 years in the mid and late Holocene, and evidence of continuous population decline starting 2700 years ago.{{cite journal |last1=Ovchinnikov |first1=I. V. |last2=McCann |first2=B. |year=2023 |title=Mitogenomes revealed the history of bison colonization of Northern Plains after the Last Glacial Maximum |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=11417 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-37599-8 |pmid=37452114 |pmc=10349043 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1311417O |doi-access=free }}
• Kostopoulos, Sevim Erol & Mayda (2023) describe fossil material of "ovibovin" bovids from the Miocene of Çorakyerler (Turkey), providing evidence of the co-occurrence of two "ovibovins" (Criotherium argalioides and Hezhengia? cf. inundata) of similar size in the same assemblage; the authors also tentatively refer "Plesiaddax" simplex from Kayadibi (Turkey) to the genus Hezhengia.{{Cite journal |last1=Kostopoulos |first1=D. |last2=Sevim Erol |first2=A. |last3=Mayda |first3=S. |year=2023 |title=Late Miocene 'ovibovin' bovids (Mammalia, Bovidae) from Çorakyerler, Turkey |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=1 |at=e2232850 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2232850 |s2cid=260846500 }}
• Kostopoulos & Merceron (2023) describe new fossil material of Procobus from the Dytiko-1 fossil site in Axios Valley (Greece), and interpret Procobus as a member of pan-Caprini.{{Cite journal |last1=Kostopoulos |first1=D. S. |last2=Merceron |first2=G. |title=On Procobus Khomenko, 1913 (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae), with new evidence from the Late Miocene of Greece |year=2023 |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=1128–1138 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2023.06.008 |s2cid=259687757 }}
• A study on the paleoecology of Rusingoryx atopocranion, as inferred from stable strontium and carbon isotope data from molars, is published by O'Brien et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of migratory behavior of R. atopocranion, comparable to that of extant wildebeest.{{cite journal |last1=O'Brien |first1=K. |last2=Podkovyroff |first2=K. |last3=Fernandez |first3=D. P. |last4=Tryon |first4=C. A. |last5=Ashioya |first5=L. |last6=Faith |first6=J. T. |year=2023 |title=Migratory behavior in the enigmatic Late Pleistocene bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion |journal= Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology|volume=2 |at=1237714 |doi=10.3389/fearc.2023.1237714 |doi-access=free }}
• Description of the fossil material of bovids from the Palan-Tyukan site (Azerbaijan) is published by Titov, Iltsevich & Sablin (2023), who interpret the composition of the studied assemblage as indicative of the presence of savanna-like forest-steppe landscapes in the studied area during the Early Pleistocene.{{Cite journal|last1=Titov |first1=V. V. |last2=Iltsevich |first2=K. Yu. |last3=Sablin |first3=M. V. |year=2023 |title=Early Pleistocene Bovidae from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences |volume=327 |issue=2 |pages=183–201 |doi=10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.2.183 |s2cid=259669359 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the auditory region morphology of extant and extinct members of Hippopotamoidea, and on its implications for putative aquatic affinities of fossil hippopotamoids, is published by Orliac et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of independent acquisitions of semiaquatic behaviour in hippopotamids and cetaceans.{{Cite journal |last1=Orliac |first1=M. J. |last2=Mourlam |first2=M. J. |last3=Boisserie |first3=J.-R. |last4=Costeur |first4=L. |last5=Lihoreau |first5=F. |year=2023 |title=Evolution of semiaquatic habits in hippos and their extinct relatives: insights from the ear region |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=1092–1105 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac112 |doi-access=free }}
• Jiménez-Hidalgo & Carbot-Chanona (2023) describe fossil material of an anthracothere belonging to the genus Arretotherium from the Oligocene Iniyoo Local Fauna (Oaxaca) and from the Miocene of Simojovel de Allende (Chiapas), representing the first records of anthracotheres in Mexico reported to date and the southernmost records of Arretotherium in North America during the Oligocene and the early Miocene.{{Cite journal|last1=Jiménez-Hidalgo |first1=E. |last2=Carbot-Chanona |first2=G. |title=First Mexican records of Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) |year=2023 |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=114 |issue=1–2 |pages=109–113 |doi=10.1017/S1755691022000238 |bibcode=2023EESTR.114..109J |s2cid=256314130 }}
• Description of new fossil material of Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides from the Miocene deposits from Samane Nala (Bugti Hills, Pakistan) and a study on the affinities of this anthracothere is published by Gernelle et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Gernelle |first1=K. |last2=Lihoreau |first2=F. |last3=Boisserie |first3=J.-R. |last4=Marivaux |first4=L. |last5=Métais |first5=G. |last6=Antoine |first6=P.-O. |year=2023 |title=New material of Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides from Samane Nala, Bugti Hills (Pakistan) and the origin of Merycopotamini (Mammalia: Hippopotamoidea) |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=198 |issue=1 |pages=278–309 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac111 }}
• A study on the affinities of "Hippopotamus" pantanellii is published by Martino et al. (2023), who transfer this species to the genus Archaeopotamus.{{Cite journal|last1=Martino |first1=R. |last2=Rook |first2=L. |last3=Mateus |first3=O. |last4=Pandolfi |first4=L. |year=2023 |title=The Late Miocene hippopotamid, Archaeopotamus pantanellii nov. comb., from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, Italy): paleobiogeographic implications |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=891–904 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912 |s2cid=258320695 |doi-access=free |hdl=10261/307410 |hdl-access=free }}
• Revision of the Early Pleistocene hippopotamid material from Buia (Eritrea) is published by Pandolfi et al. (2023), who report the presence of two hippopotamid species at Buia (Hippopotamus gorgops and aff. Hippopotamus karumensis, the latter representing the northernmost and one of the youngest occurrences of the species in Africa), and provide new characters for taxonomic discrimination between the two taxa.{{Cite journal |last1=Pandolfi |first1=L. |last2=Martino |first2=R. |last3=Belvedere |first3=M. |last4=Martínez-Navarro |first4=B. |last5=Medin |first5=T. |last6=Libsekal |first6=Y. |last7=Rook |first7=L. |year=2023 |title=The latest Early Pleistocene hippopotami from the human-bearing locality of Buia (Eritrea) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=308 |at=108039 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108039 |bibcode=2023QSRv..30808039P |s2cid=258024770 }}
• A study on the histology of ribs of extinct Pleistocene Hippopotamus species from Cyprus and Greece, providing evidence of increased density of osteocyte lacunae in the Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus compared to Hippopotamus creutzburgi and Hippopotamus antiquus, is published by Miszkiewicz et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as likely signifying bone remodelling in insular hippopotamids related to reduction of their body size.{{Cite journal|last1=Miszkiewicz |first1=J. J. |last2=Athanassiou |first2=A. |last3=Lyras |first3=G. A. |last4=van der Geer |first4=A. A. E. |year=2023 |title=Rib remodelling changes with body size in fossil hippopotamuses from Cyprus and Greece |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=1031–1046 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09688-y |s2cid=265001884 |doi-access=free }}
• Mecozzi et al. (2023) revise the skull of a hippopotamid from the Tor di Quinto area (Italy), interpreting it as fossil material of the extant hippopotamus found in the strata of the Cava Montanari with an age spanning between 560,000 and 460,000 years, representing the earliest confirmed record of the hippopotamus in Europe.{{Cite journal|last1=Mecozzi |first1=B. |last2=Iannucci |first2=A. |last3=Mancini |first3=M. |last4=Tentori |first4=D. |last5=Cavasinni |first5=C. |last6=Conti |first6=J. |last7=Messina |first7=M. Y. |last8=Sarra |first8=A. |last9=Sardella |first9=R. |title=Reinforcing the idea of an early dispersal of Hippopotamus amphibius in Europe: Restoration and multidisciplinary study of the skull from the Middle Pleistocene of Cava Montanari (Rome, central Italy) |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=11 |at=e0293405 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0293405 |pmid=37992018 |pmc=10664965 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1893405M }}
• Description of new fossil material and a study on the affinities of Gujaratia indica is published by Rautela & Bajpai (2023), who find Gujaratia to be related to the North American diacodexeids and Diacodexis gigasei and D. morrisi from Europe, while finding raoellids and pakicetids to be closer to European dichobunoids such as D. morrisi than to Gujaratia.{{Cite journal|last1=Rautela |first1=A. |last2=Bajpai |first2=S. |year=2023 |title=Gujaratia indica, the oldest artiodactyl (Mammalia) from South Asia: new dental material and phylogenetic relationships |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=21 |issue=1 |at=2267553 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2267553 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2167553R |s2cid=265014823 }}

• Morlo et al. (2023) describe amphicyonid fossil material from the Miocene site Napudet (Emunyan Beds; Kenya), including a molar of a large-bodied amphicyonid, interpreted as likely distinct from Cynelos jitu and probably belonging to the genus Myacyon.{{Cite journal |last1=Morlo |first1=M. |last2=Nengo |first2=I. O. |last3=Friscia |first3=A. |last4=Mbogo |first4=W. |last5=Miller |first5=E. R. |last6=Russo |first6=G. A. |year=2023 |title=Presence of a giant amphicyonid and other carnivores (Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of Napudet, Kenya |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=2 |at=e2160643 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2022.2160643 |s2cid=256354136 |doi-access=free }}
• Varajão de Latorre (2023) compares the bacula of five species of borophagine canids with those of extant canids, and interprets their anatomy as indicating that borophagines had long copulatory durations and spontaneous ovulation, similar to those occurring in extant canines.{{Cite journal|last=Varajão de Latorre |first=D. |title=Fossil bacula of five species of Borophaginae (Family: Canidae): Implications for their reproductive biology |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=1 |at=e0280327 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280327 |pmid=36649261 |pmc=9844895 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880327V |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the morphology of the frontal sinuses of Eucyon adoxus, E. davisi and E. monticinensis is published by Frosali et al. (2023), who report that E. adoxus had frontal sinuses with adaptations to high stresses during feeding similar to adaptations present in hypercarnivorous canids that cooperatively hunt large prey, in spite of its overall craniodental morphology being suggestive of feeding on small prey.{{cite journal |last1=Frosali |first1=S. |last2=Bartolini-Lucenti |first2=S. |last3=Madurell-Malapeira |first3=J. |last4=Urciuoli |first4=A. |last5=Costeur |first5=L. |last6=Rook |first6=L. |year=2023 |title=First digital study of the frontal sinus of stem-Canini (Canidae, Carnivora): evolutionary and ecological insights throughout advanced diagnostic in paleobiology |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=11 |at=1173341 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2023.1173341 |doi-access=free |hdl=2158/1311559 |hdl-access=free }}
• Partial left hindlimb assigned to cf. Aenocyon dirus is reported from the Upper Pleistocene deposits from the QM38 site in Quebrada Maní (Pampa del Tamarugal basin, Atacama Desert, northern Chile) by Caro et al. (2023), representing the only large predator in its ecosystem reported to date.{{Cite journal |last1=Caro |first1=F. J. |last2=Labarca |first2=R. |last3=Prevosti |first3=F. J. |last4=Villavicencio |first4=N. |last5=Jarpa |first5=G. M. |last6=Herrera |first6=K. A. |last7=Correa-Lau |first7=J. |last8=Latorre |first8=C. |last9=Santoro |first9=C. M. |year=2023 |title=First record of cf. Aenocyon dirus (Leidy, 1858) (Carnivora, Canidae), from the Upper Pleistocene of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=4 |at=e2190785 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2190785 |s2cid=258757704 }}
• Reynolds et al. (2023) confirm the identification of the dentary of a dire wolf reported from the Surprise Bluff locality in the Medicine Hat Buried Valley system (Alberta, Canada), representing the northernmost known occurrence of the species in North America.{{Cite journal|last1=Reynolds |first1=A. R. |last2=Lowi-Merri |first2=T. M. |last3=Brannick |first3=A. L. |last4=Seymour |first4=K. L. |last5=Churcher |first5=C. S. |last6=Evans |first6=D. C. |year=2023 |title=Dire wolf (Canis dirus) from the late Pleistocene of southern Canada (Medicine Hat, Alberta) |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=938–946 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3516 |s2cid=257905013 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JQS....38..938R }}
• Martínez-Navarro et al. (2023) report the discovery of Early Pleistocene fossil material of the Ethiopian wolf from the Melka Wakena site-complex (Ethiopia), representing the first appearance of this species in the fossil record reported to date.{{Cite journal|last1=Martínez-Navarro |first1=B. |last2=Gossa |first2=T. |last3=Carotenuto |first3=F. |last4=Bartolini-Lucenti |first4=S. |last5=Palmqvist |first5=P. |last6=Asrat |first6=A. |last7=Figueirido |first7=B. |last8=Rook |first8=L. |last9=Niespolo |first9=E. M. |last10=Renne |first10=P. R. |last11=Herzlinger |first11=G. |last12=Hovers |first12=E. |year=2023 |title=The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival |journal=Communications Biology |volume=6 |issue=1 |at=530 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-04908-w |pmid=37193884 |pmc=10187515 | doi-access = free }}
• Revision of the systematics of large canids from the Pleistocene of South America is published by Prevosti (2023), who synonymizes Protocyon orcesi with Protocyon troglodytes and Canis nehringi with Aenocyon dirus, transfers "Theriodictis" tarijensis to the genus Protocyon, and excludes "Canis" gezi from the genus Canis.{{Cite journal|last=Prevosti |first=F. J. |year=2023 |title=Sistemática de los grandes cánidos (Mammalia, Carnivora,Canidae) fósiles de América del Sur |journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=78–192 |doi=10.5710/PEAPA.28.10.2022.417 |s2cid=258872658 |url=https://peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/417 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the brain anatomy and likely foraging ecology of Potamotherium is published by Lyras et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that Potamotherium likely relied on its whiskers to sense its environment when foraging.{{Cite journal|last1=Lyras |first1=G. A. |last2=Werdelin |first2=L. |last3=van der Geer |first3=B. G. M. |last4=van der Geer |first4=A. A. E. |year=2023 |title=Fossil brains provide evidence of underwater feeding in early seals |journal=Communications Biology |volume=6 |issue=1 |at=747 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-05135-z |pmid=37591929 |pmc=10435510 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the ecomorphology of percrocutoids, as inferred from postcanine teeth, is published by Pérez-Claros (2023).{{Cite journal |last=Pérez-Claros |first=J. A. |year=2023 |title=An ecomorphological characterization of the percrocutoid hyaenids: a multivariate approach using postcanine dentition |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=5 |at=e2197972 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2197972 |s2cid=258371548 }}
• A study on the ecomorphology of Ictitherium viverrinum and Hyaenictitherium wongii is published by Kargopoulos et al. (2023), who consider both species to occupy a niche similar to that of extant coyote and to be likely engaged in interspecific competition.{{Cite journal |last1=Kargopoulos |first1=N. |last2=Roussiakis |first2=S. |last3=Kampouridis |first3=P. |last4=Koufos |first4=G. |title=Interspecific competition in ictitheres (Carnivora: Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Eurasia |year=2023 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a3 |s2cid=256438030 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence indicating that machairodontines were an exception to the general tendency of the smaller-sized members of groups of closely related species to have proportionally shorter rostra and larger braincases is presented by Tamagnini et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Tamagnini |first1=D. |last2=Michaud |first2=M. |last3=Meloro |first3=C. |last4=Raia |first4=P. |last5=Soibelzon |first5=L. |last6=Tambusso |first6=P. S. |last7=Varela |first7=L. |last8=Maiorano |first8=L. |year=2023 |title=Conical and sabertoothed cats as an exception to craniofacial evolutionary allometry |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=13571 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-40677-6 |pmid=37604901 |pmc=10442348 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1313571T |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the elbow joint of Miracinonyx trumani is published by Figueirido et al. (2023), who find that M. trumani had an elbow morphology intermediate to that of extant cougar and extant cheetah, and argue that M. trumani was not as specialized as the cheetah for deploying a predatory behaviour based on fast running.{{cite journal |last1=Figueirido |first1=B. |last2=Pérez-Ramos |first2=A. |last3=Hotchner |first3=A. |last4=Lovelace |first4=D. |last5=Pastor |first5=F. J. |last6=Martín-Serra |first6=A. |year=2023 |title=Elbow-joint morphology in the North American 'cheetah-like' cat Miracinonyx trumani |journal=Biology Letters |volume=19 |issue=1 |at=20220483 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2022.0483 |pmid=36693427 |pmc=9873470 }}
• A study on the mandible size variability in Panthera spelaea from the Pleistocene of Northern Eurasia is published by Puzachenko & Baryshnikov (2023), who interpret their findings as confirming the presence of sexual size dimorphism in cave lions, and supporting the subspecies status of the Beringian lion (Panthera spelaea vereshchagini).{{Cite journal|last1=Puzachenko |first1=A. Yu. |last2=Baryshnikov |first2=G. F. |year=2023 |title=Geographical, temporal variability and sexual size dimorphism of mandible in cave lion (Panthera spelaea) across Northern Eurasia |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=1383–1400 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2214578 |s2cid=258861920 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Geographical_temporal_variability_and_sexual_size_dimorphism_of_mandible_in_cave_lion_i_Panthera_spelaea_i_across_Northern_Eurasia/23065437 |url-access=subscription }}
• Purported large-bodied lion skull reported from the Pleistocene Natodomeri site (Kenya){{Cite journal|last1=Manthi |first1=F. K. |last2=Brown |first2=F. H. |last3=Plavcan |first3=M. J. |last4=Werdelin |first4=L. |year=2018 |title=Gigantic lion, Panthera leo, from the Pleistocene of Natodomeri, eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=305–312 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.68 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018JPal...92..305M }} is argued by Sherani & Sherani (2023) to have affinities with Panthera spelaea fossilis.{{Cite journal|last1=Sherani |first1=S. |last2=Sherani |first2=M. |year=2023 |title=What kind of "lion" was the Natodomeri lion? – a comparative analysis of the Natodomeri lion with other Pleistocene lions |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2293139 |s2cid=266357630 }}
• A study on the evolutionary history of the tiger, as indicated by genomic data from ancient or historical (100–10,000 years old) specimens collected across mainland Asia, is published by Sun et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that Southwest China was a Late Pleistocene refugium for a relic basal tiger lineage, as well as indicative of a post-glaciation admixture of divergent lineages of South China tigers which took place in Eastern China.{{Cite journal|last1=Sun |first1=X. |last2=Liu |first2=Y.-C. |last3=Tiunov |first3=M. P. |last4=Gimranov |first4=D. O. |last5=Zhuang |first5=Y. |last6=Han |first6=Y. |last7=Driscoll |first7=C. A. |last8=Pang |first8=Y. |last9=Li |first9=C. |last10=Pan |first10=Y. |last11=Sandoval Velasco |first11=M. |last12=Gopalakrishnan |first12=S. |last13=Yang |first13=R.-Z. |last14=Li |first14=B.-G. |last15=Jin |first15=K. |last16=Xu |first16=X. |last17=Uphyrkina |first17=O. |last18=Huang |first18=Y. |last19=Wu |first19=X.-H. |last20=Gilbert |first20=M. T. P. |last21=O'Brien |first21=S. J. |last22=Yamaguchi |first22=N. |last23=Luo |first23=S.-J. |year=2023 |title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1914–1929 |doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8 |pmid=37652999 |bibcode=2023NatEE...7.1914S |s2cid=261430066 }}
• Deutsch et al. (2023) compare the hyoid elements of specimens of Smilodon fatalis and Panthera atrox from the La Brea Tar Pits with those of extant felids, and argue that the vocalizations P. atrox likely resembled those of extant pantherines, including having the ability to roar, while the vocalizations of S. fatalis are harder to determine, possibly more similar to that of purring cats than roaring cats, but produced at a lower frequency.{{Cite journal|last1=Deutsch |first1=A. R. |last2=Langerhans |first2=R. B. |last3=Flores |first3=D. |last4=Hartstone-Rose |first4=A. |year=2023 |title=The roar of Rancho La Brea? Comparative anatomy of modern and fossil felid hyoid bones |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=284 |issue=10 |at=e21627 |doi=10.1002/jmor.21627 |pmid=37708512 |s2cid=261090355 |doi-access=free }}
• Gross et al. (2023) describe coprolites from the Miocene Gratkorn site (Austria), interpreted as likely produced by members of the genera Protictitherium and Albanosmilus, and suggesting that Protictitherium mostly fed on small vertebrates, while Albanosmilus was a hypercarnivore.{{Cite journal|last1=Gross |first1=M. |last2=Prieto |first2=J. |last3=Grímsson |first3=F. |last4=Bojar |first4=H.-P. |year=2023 |title=Hyena and 'false' sabre-toothed cat coprolites from the late Middle Miocene of south-eastern Austria |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=1903–1922 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2237979 |s2cid=260231111 }}
• A study on the diversity of the Vallesian carnivorans from the Catalan locality of Can Llobateres 1, providing evidence of a major influx of carnivorans during the early Vallesian and evidence of the collapse of the studied fauna during the mid-Vallesian turnover, is published by Madern et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Madern |first1=P. A. |last2=Braumuller |first2=Y. |last3=Mavikurt |first3=A. C. |last4=Mayda |first4=S. |last5=Bergwerff |first5=L. |last6=Janssen |first6=N. |last7=Cantalapiedra |first7=J. |last8=Robles |first8=J. M. |last9=Casanovas-Vilar |first9=I. |last10=van Welzen |first10=P. C. |last11=van den Hoek Ostende |first11=L. W. |year=2023 |title=Where's dinner? Variation in carnivoran distributional responses to the mid-Vallesian faunal turnover |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=181–190 |doi=10.1007/s12549-023-00588-w |s2cid=261844641 }}
• Sianis et al. (2023) describe an assemblage of Early Pleistocene carnivorans from the Karnezeika locality (Greece), including new fossil material of the mustelid Baranogale helbingi, and providing evidence of the presence of Pachycrocuta brevirostris in southeastern Europe before the Olduvai subchron, similarly to western Europe.{{Cite journal|last1=Sianis |first1=P. D. |last2=Athanassiou |first2=A. |last3=Roussiakis |first3=S. |last4=Iliopoulos |first4=G. |title=Carnivora from the Early Pleistocene locality of Karnezeika (Southern Greece) |year=2023 |journal=Geobios |volume=79 |pages=43–59 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2023.06.002 |bibcode=2023Geobi..79...43S |s2cid=259908862 }}
• One of the richest (in terms of both specimens and number of species) carnivoran assemblages from the Early Pleistocene of Europe reported to date is described from the Grăunceanu site (Romania) by Werdelin et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Werdelin |first1=L. |last2=Drăguşin |first2=V. |last3=Robu |first3=M. |last4=Petculescu |first4=A. |last5=Popescu |first5=A. |last6=Curran |first6=S. |last7=Terhune |first7=C. E. |title=Carnivora from the Early Pleistocene of Grăunceanu (Olteţ River Valley, Dacian Basin, Romania) |year=2023 |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=457–476 |doi=10.54103/2039-4942/20015 |s2cid=261600839 |doi-access=free }}
• Schmökel, Farrell & Balisi (2023) report evidence of high prevalence of subchondral defects resembling osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral and humeral joint surfaces of specimens of Aenocyon dirus and Smilodon fatalis from the La Brea Tar Pits.{{Cite journal|last1=Schmökel |first1=H. |last2=Farrell |first2=A. |last3=Balisi |first3=M. F. |title=Subchondral defects resembling osteochondrosis dissecans in joint surfaces of the extinct saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis and dire wolf Aenocyon dirus |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=7 |at=e0287656 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0287656 |pmid=37436967 |pmc=10337945 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1887656S |doi-access=free }}

• Fossil material of three taxa of bats (Antrozous cf. pallidus, a mouse-eared bat and a free-tailed bat approximately the size of the extant big free-tailed bat) is reported from the Miocene (Clarendonian) Ogallala Formation (Oklahoma, United States) by Czaplewski & Smith (2023), representing the only pre-Quaternary bats from Oklahoma reported to date.{{Cite journal|last1=Czaplewski |first1=N. J. |last2=Smith |first2=K. S. |title=Clarendonian (late Miocene) bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) from the Ogallala Formation, High Plains of Oklahoma, USA |year=2023 |journal=The Southwestern Naturalist |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=77–86 |doi=10.1894/0038-4909-67.1.77 |s2cid=258405955 }}
• The first skull material of Eptesicus praeglacialis is described from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida cave (Crimea) by Lopatin (2023).{{Cite journal|last=Lopatin |first=A. V. |title=Early Pleistocene Serotine Bat Eptesicus praeglacialis (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from the Taurida Cave in Crimea |year=2023 |journal=Doklady Biological Sciences |volume=508 |issue=1 |pages=85–94 |doi=10.1134/S0012496622060102 |pmid=37186053 |s2cid=258314346 }}

• Revision of the erinaceid and dimylid material from the late Miocene localities in Slovakia, including the first description of the deciduous premolars of Lantanotherium, is published by Cailleux, van den Hoek Ostende & Joniak (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Cailleux |first1=F. |last2=van den Hoek Ostende |first2=L. W. |last3=Joniak |first3=P. |title=The late Miocene Erinaceidae and Dimylidae (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) from the Pannonian region, Slovakia |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=97 |issue=4 |pages=777–798 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2023.50 |bibcode=2023JPal...97..777C |s2cid=265506986 }}
• Systematic revision of the Cuban species belonging to the genus Nesophontes is published by Orihuela León (2023).{{Cite journal|last=Orihuela León |first=J. |title=Revision of the extinct island-shrews Nesophontes (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from Cuba |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |year=2023 |volume=130 |at=104544 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104544 |bibcode=2023JSAES.13004544O |s2cid=261422211 }}

• Kampouridis, Rățoi & Ursachi (2023) describe new chalicothere material from the Miocene Pogana 1 locality (Romania), and identify the locality as one of the few confirmed cases of the cooccurrence of schizotheriine and chalicotheriine chalicotheres.{{Cite journal|last1=Kampouridis |first1=P. |last2=Rățoi |first2=B. G. |last3=Ursachi |first3=L. |year=2023 |title=New evidence for the unique coexistence of two subfamilies of clawed perissodactyls (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) in the Upper Miocene of Romania and the Eastern Mediterranean |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=641–656 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09657-5 |s2cid=258498576 |doi-access=free }}
• Pandolfi et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of Tapirus arvernensis from the Pliocene locality of Camp dels Ninots (Spain) and interpret T. arvernensis as a close relative of the Malayan tapir.{{cite journal |last1=Pandolfi |first1=L. |last2=Sorbelli |first2=L. |last3=Oms |first3=O. |last4=Rodriguez-Salgado |first4=P. |last5=Campeny |first5=G. |last6=Gómez de Soler |first6=B. |last7=Grandi |first7=F. |last8=Agustí |first8=J. |last9=Madurell-Malapeira |first9=J. |year=2023 |title=The Tapirus from Camp dels Ninots (NE Iberia): implications for morphology, morphometry and phylogeny of Neogene Tapiridae |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=21 |issue=1 |at=2250117 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2250117 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2150117P |s2cid=264329077 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/record/284220 }}
• Description of a new skull of Zaisanamynodon borisovi from the Eocene Aksyir Svita (Kazakhstan) and a new skull of Metamynodon planifrons from the Oligocene Brule Formation (South Dakota, United States), as well as a study on the phylogenetic relationships of amynodontids, is published by Veine-Tonizzo et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Veine-Tonizzo |first1=L. |last2=Tissier |first2=J. |last3=Bukhsianidze |first3=M. |last4=Vasilyan |first4=D. |last5=Becker |first5=D. |title=Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea) |year=2023 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=109–142 |doi=10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a8 |s2cid=257644682 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of rhinoceroses belonging to the group Aceratheriinae is published by Lu, Deng & Pandolfi (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=X.-K. |last2=Deng |first2=T. |last3=Pandolfi |first3=L. |year=2023 |title=Reconstructing the phylogeny of the hornless rhinoceros Aceratheriinae |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=11 |at=1005126 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2023.1005126 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the reproductive strategy of Plesiaceratherium gracile is published by Lu et al. (2023), who report evidence of singleton pregnancy, suckling for 2–3 years and sexual maturity by approximately 5 years of age, and postulate that the evolution of litter size in odd-toed ungulates is determined by singleton pregnancy since the Eocene.{{cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=X.-K. |last2=Deng |first2=T. |last3=Rummy |first3=P. |last4=Zheng |first4=X.-T. |last5=Zhang |first5=Y.-T. |year=2023 |title=Reproduction of a fossil rhinoceros from 18 mya and origin of litter size in perissodactyls |journal=iScience |volume=26 |issue=10 |at=107800 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2023.107800 |pmid=37744027 |pmc=10514446 |bibcode=2023iSci...26j7800L |s2cid=261476412 }}
• Revision of the chilothere aceratheriine taxa from the Upper Miocene of Samos (Greece), supporting the validity of Chilotherium schlosseri and Eochilotherium samium as well as their separation on a generic level, is published by Kampouridis et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Kampouridis |first1=P. |last2=Svorligkou |first2=G. |last3=Kargopoulos |first3=N. |last4=Spassov |first4=N. |last5=Böhme |first5=M. |year=2023 |title=Revision of the Late Miocene hornless rhinocerotids from Samos Island (Greece) with the designation of neotypes and implications for the European chilotheres |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=1 |at=e2254360 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2254360 |doi-access=free }}
• Redescription of "Dicerorhinus" cixianensis is published by Li & Deng (2023), who transfer this species to the genus Lartetotherium.{{cite journal|last1=Li |first1=S.-J. |last2=Deng |first2=T. |year=2023 |title=Restudy of Rhinocerotini fossils from the Miocene Jiulongkou Fauna of China |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=198–211 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630 |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630 }}
• A skull of a rhinoceros is described from the late Neogene Qin Basin (Shanxi, China) by Shi et al. (2023), who assign this skull to the species Dihoplus ringstroemi, and confirm that D. ringstroemi was a distinct species.{{Cite journal |last1=Shi |first1=B.-Z. |last2=Chen |first2=S.-K. |last3=Lu |first3=X.-K. |last4=Deng |first4=T. |title=First report on rhinoceros from the late Neogene Qin Basin of Shanxi, China |year=2023 |journal=The Anatomical Record |doi=10.1002/ar.25186 |pmid=36869586 |s2cid=257334792 }}
• Belyaev et al. (2023) report the discovery of the nasal horn of a woolly rhinoceros from the permafrost of Sakha (Russia), with the shape of the base corresponding well to the shape of the nasal rugosity area, and argue that the narrower shape of the horn base in the previously found specimens was associated with damage after burial.{{Cite journal|last1=Belyaev |first1=R. I. |last2=Boeskorov |first2=G. G. |last3=Cheprasov |first3=M. Yu. |last4=Prilepskaya |first4=N. E. |year=2023 |title=A new discovery in the permafrost of Yakutia sheds light on the nasal horn morphology of the woolly rhinoceros |journal=Journal of Morphology |volume=284 |issue=9 |at=e21626 |doi=10.1002/jmor.21626 |pmid=37585227 |s2cid=260599805 }}
• Yuan et al. (2023) generate four mitogenomes from Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros from Northern China, report evidence of higher genetic diversity of Chinese woolly rhinoceros compared to Siberian ones, and report that one of the studied samples represent a lineage that diverged close to the timing of the first appearance of the species, where the other three samples represent a lineage also known from the Wrangel Island (Russia).{{Cite journal|last1=Yuan |first1=J. |last2=Sun |first2=G. |last3=Xiao |first3=B. |last4=Hu |first4=J. |last5=Wang |first5=L. |author6=Taogetongqimuge |last7=Bao |first7=L. |last8=Hou |first8=Y. |last9=Song |first9=S. |last10=Jiang |first10=S. |last11=Wu |first11=Y. |last12=Pan |first12=D. |last13=Liu |first13=Y. |last14=Westbury |first14=M. V. |last15=Lai |first15=X. |last16=Sheng |first16=G. |year=2023 |title=Ancient mitogenomes reveal a high maternal genetic diversity of Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros in Northern China |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=23 |issue=1 |at=56 |doi=10.1186/s12862-023-02168-0 |pmid=37752413 |pmc=10521388 |doi-access=free }}
• Seeber et al. (2023) use genomic data from cave hyena coprolites from Middle Palaeolithic layers in Bockstein-Loch and Hohlenstein-Stadel caves (Germany) to assemble the first European woolly rhinoceros mitogenomes, and interpret the studied mitogenomes as genetically distinct from those of the Siberian woolly rhinoceros, and possibly indicative of a split of the populations coinciding with the earliest records of woolly rhinoceros in Europe.{{Cite journal|last1=Seeber |first1=P. A. |last2=Palmer |first2=Z. |last3=Schmidt |first3=A. |last4=Chagas |first4=A. |last5=Kitagawa |first5=K. |last6=Marinova-Wolff |first6=E. |last7=Tafelmaier |first7=Y. |last8=Epp |first8=L. S. |year=2023 |title=The first European woolly rhinoceros mitogenomes, retrieved from cave hyena coprolites, suggest long-term phylogeographic differentiation |journal=Biology Letters |volume=19 |issue=11 |at=20230343 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2023.0343 |pmid=37909055 |pmc=10618854 }}
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Eurasian Quaternary rhinoceroses is published by Pandolfi (2023).{{Cite journal |last=Pandolfi |first=L. |title=Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=291–294 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3496 |bibcode=2023JQS....38..291P |hdl=11563/163194 |s2cid=256167036 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free }}
• Revision of the fossil material of early Eocene hippomorphs from the Paris Barin (France) is published by Bronnert & Métais (2023), who provide evidence of differences between the faunas of Southern and Northern Europe at the very beginning of the Eocene, as well as evidence of homogenization of these faunas and evidence of faunal turnover between the sites close to MP7 and those close to MP8-9.{{Cite journal |last1=Bronnert |first1=C. |last2=Métais |first2=G. |title=Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin |year=2023 |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=277–326 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a9 |s2cid=259166126 |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/9 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the evolution of body size in brontotheres is published by Sanisidro, Mihlbachler & Cantalapiedra (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of higher survival of larger lineages resulting from reduced competition with other herbivores.{{Cite journal |last1=Sanisidro |first1=O. |last2=Mihlbachler |first2=M. C. |last3=Cantalapiedra |first3=J. L. |title=A macroevolutionary pathway to megaherbivory |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6645 |pages=616–618 |doi=10.1126/science.ade1833 |pmid=37167399 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..616S |s2cid=258618428 }}
• Evidence indicating that Miocene hipparions from Maragheh (Iran) were either grass-dominated mixed feeders or grazers is presented by Niknahad et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Niknahad |first1=M. |last2=Vaziri |first2=M. R. |last3=Lotfabad Arab |first3=A. |last4=Rivals |first4=F. |title=Dietary traits of late Miocene hipparions from Maragheh revealed through dental wear |year=2023 |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=361–371 |doi=10.54103/2039-4942/19394 |s2cid=259612485 |doi-access=free }}
• Description of new fossil material of hipparionines from the late Miocene to early Pliocene deposits of the Haritalyangar area (Himachal Pradesh, India), including the first record of Proboscidipparion from the Siwaliks, is published by Sankhyan et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Sankhyan |first1=A. R. |last2=Abbas |first2=S. G. |last3=Khan |first3=M. A. |last4=Babar |first4=M. A. |last5=Yasin |first5=A. |title=Diversity of hipparionines (Perissodactyla: Equidae) from the late Miocene–Pliocene Siwalik deposits at Haritalyangar, India |year=2023 |journal=Annales de Paléontologie |volume=109 |issue=2 |at=102602 |doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102602 |bibcode=2023AnPal.10902602S |s2cid=259008526 }}
• A study on the Hipparion tracks from the Laetoli site (Tanzania), and on their implications for the knowledge of digit loss in the evolutionary history of horses, is published by Vincelette et al. (2023), who find no evidence that distal portions of the accessory digits are retained in the feet of modern horses, argue that absence of frog impressions in Laetoli trackways does not prove the absence of a frog by itself, and report evidence of the presence of frog impressions in other footprints of tridactyl equids.{{Cite journal|last1=Vincelette |first1=A. R. |last2=Renders |first2=E. |last3=Scott |first3=K. M. |last4=Falkingham |first4=P. L. |last5=Janis |first5=C. M. |year=2023 |title=Hipparion tracks and horses' toes: the evolution of the equid single hoof |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=6 |at=230358 |doi=10.1098/rsos.230358 |pmid=37351494 |pmc=10282582 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030358V |doi-access=free }}
• Revision of the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene hipparionin equid species from western Eurasia is published by Cirilli et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=O. |last2=Pandolfi |first2=L. |last3=Alba |first3=D. M. |last4=Madurell-Malapeira |first4=J. |last5=Bukhsianidze |first5=M. |last6=Kordos |first6=L. |last7=Lordkipanidze |first7=D. |last8=Rook |first8=L. |last9=Bernor |first9=R. L. |title=The last Plio-Pleistocene hipparions of Western Eurasia. A review with remarks on their taxonomy, paleobiogeography and evolution |year=2023 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.107976 |volume=306 |bibcode=2023QSRv..30607976C |s2cid=257594449 |at=107976 |doi-access=free }}
• Singh et al. (2023) describe fossil material of a horse from the Upper Siwaliks of India, and interpret its anatomy as consistent with that of Equus sivalensis, extending the temporal distribution of this species into the latest Pliocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=N. |last2=Jukar |first2=A. M. |last3=Rana |first3=R. S. |last4=Patel |first4=R. |year=2023 |title=The earliest occurrence of Equus in South Asia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=6 |at=e2227236 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2227236 |s2cid=260305841 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/23798510 |url-access=subscription }}
• Revision of Equus major, based on data from fossil material from the Early Pleistocene sites Pardines and Senèze (France), is published by Cirilli, Saarinen & Bernor (2023), who interpret E. major as larger than any other Early Pleistocene Eurasian species belonging to the genus Equus, comparable in size with Equus suessenbornensis, with a browse-dominated to mixed-feeding diet.{{Cite journal |last1=Cirilli |first1=O. |last2=Saarinen |first2=J. |last3=Bernor |first3=R. L. |year=2023 |title=Lost in the collections. A critical re-appraisal on Equus major provides a new perspective on the paleobiogeography of the Plio-Pleistocene European equids and on the Equus Datum |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=323 |at=108428 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108428 |s2cid=265448960 }}

• Carrillo et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of Megadolodus molariformis and Neodolodus colombianus from La Victoria and Villavieja formations (Colombia) and study the phylogenetic affinities of Megadolodus and Neodolodus, recovering them as closely related within the litopternan family Proterotheriidae.{{Cite journal|last1=Carrillo |first1=J. D. |last2=Suarez |first2=C. |last3=Benites-Palomino |first3=A. M. |last4=Vanegas |first4=A. |last5=Link |first5=A. |last6=Rincón |first6=A. F. |last7=Luque |first7=J. |last8=Cooke |first8=S. B. |last9=Tallman |first9=M. |last10=Billet |first10=G. |year=2023 |title=New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna) |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=45 |issue=15 |pages=409–447 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a15 |s2cid=261638835 |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/15 |doi-access=free }}
• A study aiming to determine the optimal neck posture of Macrauchenia patachonica is published by Blanco, Yorio & Montenegro (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Blanco |first1=R. E. |last2=Yorio |first2=L. |last3=Montenegro |first3=F. |year=2023 |title=Reconstruction of the cervical skeleton posture of the recently-extinct litoptern mammal Macrauchenia patachonica Owen, 1838 |journal=Palæovertebrata |volume=46 |issue=1 |at=e1 |doi=10.18563/pv.46.1.e1 |s2cid=258882022 |url=https://palaeovertebrata.com/Articles/view/406 |url-access=subscription }}
• The first description of the atlas of Macrauchenia patachonica is published by Püschel & Martinelli (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Püschel |first1=H. P. |last2=Martinelli |first2=A. G. |year=2023 |title=More than 100 years of a mistake: on the anatomy of the atlas of the enigmatic Macrauchenia patachonica |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume=142 |issue=1 |at=16 |doi=10.1186/s13358-023-00279-1 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SwJP..142...16P }}
• Nelson, Engelman & Croft (2023) provide new estimates of body mass of 10 species of notoungulates.{{Cite journal|last1=Nelson |first1=A. |last2=Engelman |first2=R. K. |last3=Croft |first3=D. A. |year=2023 |title=How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=773–809 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09669-1 |s2cid=259866522 }}
• Revision of the fossil material and the systematic status of Peripantostylops and Othnielmarshia is published by Vera & Mones (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Vera |first1=B. |last2=Mones |first2=Á. |year=2023 |title=The status of Peripantostylops and Othnielmarshia (Mammalia: Notoungulata: Henricosborniidae) from the early-middle Eocene of Patagonia (Argentina) |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=431–447 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2165919 |s2cid=256181218 }}
• Systematic revisions of the species belonging to the genus Protypotherium are published by Fernández, Fernicola & Cerdeño (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Fernández |first1=M. |last2=Fernicola |first2=J. C. |last3=Cerdeño |first3=E. |title=Systematic revision of the species of Protypotherium (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early–Middle Miocene), Argentinian Patagonia: a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Interatheriidae |year=2023 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=199 |issue=2 |pages=417–444 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad043 }}{{Cite journal|last1=Fernández |first1=M. |last2=Fernicola |first2=J. C. |last3=Cerdeño |first3=E.|title=Systematic revision of pre- and post-Santacrucian species of Protypotherium (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) |year=2023 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=540–559 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.14.07.2023.3556 |s2cid=259927455 }}
• Systematic revision of the genera Icochilus and Interatherium is published by Fernández, Fernicola & Cerdeño (2023), who consider Icochilus to be a junior synonym of Interatherium, conclude that the genus Interatherium comprises the species I. rodens and I. extensus with wide geographic and temporal distribution, and find that the Santa Cruz Formation cannot be subdivided based on the presence or absence of any species of Interatherium.{{Cite journal|last1=Fernández |first1=M. |last2=Fernicola |first2=J. C. |last3=Cerdeño |first3=E. |title=Systematic revision of Interatherium and Icochilus (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (early to middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina |year=2023 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=236–258 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.12.01.2023.3541 |s2cid=255893070 }}
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of mesotheriid notoungulates is published by Armella & Deforel (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Armella |first1=M. A. |last2=Deforel |first2=F. |year=2023 |title=What else is dentition telling us? A new specimen-level phylogeny of Mesotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) |journal=Cladistics |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=571–593 |doi=10.1111/cla.12554 |pmid=37490279 |s2cid=260132745 }}
• A study on the bone histology of Caraguatypotherium munozi, providing evidence of inter-skeletal variation on bone growth rates and marked cyclical growth, is published by Campos-Medina et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Campos-Medina |first1=J. |last2=Montoya-Sanhueza |first2=G. |last3=Moreno |first3=K. |last4=Bostelmann Torrealba |first4=E. |last5=García |first5=M. |title=Paleohistology of Caraguatypotherium munozi (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the early late Miocene of northern Chile: A preliminary ontogenetic approach |year=2023 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=18 |issue=3 |at=e0273127 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0273127 |pmid=36928884 |pmc=10019713 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1873127C |doi-access=free }}
• Fernández-Monescillo et al. (2023) interpret the anatomical variation observed in mesotheres from Monte Hermoso (Argentina) as consistent with ontogenetic and individual variation within a single species Pseudotypotherium exiguum.{{Cite journal |last1=Fernández-Monescillo |first1=M. |last2=Antoine |first2=P.-O. |last3=Croft |first3=D. A. |last4=Pujos |first4=F. |year=2023 |title=Intraspecific craniomandibular and dental analysis of Pseudotypotherium exiguum (Mesotheriidae, Notoungulata) from Monte Hermoso, late Neogene, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=6 |at=e2184269 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2184269 |s2cid=259665817 }}
• Redescription and a study on the affinities of Tegehotherium burmeisteri is published by Seoane, Cerdeño & Gaetano (2023), who name new clades Hemihegetotheriomorpha and Pachyrukhini.{{Cite journal |last1=Seoane |first1=F. D. |last2=Cerdeño |first2=E. |last3=Gaetano |first3=L. C. |year=2023 |title=Reassessment of Tegehotherium burmeisteri Ameghino 1903–1904 (Notoungulata, Hegetotheriidae) and a new phylogenetic analysis of Hegetotheriidae |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=2 |at=e2258172 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2258172 |s2cid=266965032 }}
• Revision of the litoptern and notoungulate fossil material from the Pampean Region of Argentina present in the Santiago Roth Collections housed in Geneva and Zurich, providing new information on the anatomy of Macrauchenia patachonica, is published by Carrillo & Püschel (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Carrillo |first1=J. D. |last2=Püschel |first2=H. P. |year=2023 |title=Pleistocene South American native ungulates (Notoungulata and Litopterna) of the historical Roth collections in Switzerland, from the Pampean Region of Argentina |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume=142 |issue=1 |at=28 |doi=10.1186/s13358-023-00291-5 |pmid=37810207 |pmc=10558389 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SwJP..142...28C }}
• Vera & Reguero (2023) revise the fossil material of Paleogene South American native ungulates from the lower level of Cerro Pan de Azúcar (Argentina) collected by Santiago Roth in 1897, describe additional specimens from other historical collections from sites in the Chubut river valley, and reevalute the taxonomy of the species endemic to the Cerro Pan de Azúcar locality, interpreting Monolophodon minutum as a junior synonym of Henricosbornia lophodonta.{{Cite journal|last1=Vera |first1=B. |last2=Reguero |first2=M. A. |year=2023 |title=The Eocene SANUs from the Chubut river valley (Cerro Pan de Azúcar and Bryn Gwyn, Chubut, Argentina) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=132 |at=104679 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104679 |bibcode=2023JSAES.13204679V |s2cid=264906274 }}
• Matsui & Pyenson (2023) describe a molar of a member of the genus Desmostylus from the Miocene (Aquitanian) Skooner Gulch Formation (California, United States), providing evidence that the specialized columnar teeth morphology of Desmostylus persisted for more than 15 million years.{{Cite journal|last1=Matsui |first1=K. |last2=Pyenson |first2=N. D. |year=2023 |title=New evidence for the antiquity of Desmostylus (Desmostylia) from the Skooner Gulch Formation of California |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=6 |at=221648 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221648 |pmid=37325600 |pmc=10264998 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1021648M |doi-access=free }}
• Bertrand et al. (2023) describe virtual endocasts of members of the genus Trogosus from the middle Eocene of North America, and report the presence of characteristics that could unite Tillodontia with Pantodonta and Arctocyonidae, probable adaptations to terrestrial lifestyle, and a relatively small neocortex which could have negatively impacted the abilities of Trogosus to compete with artiodactyls and avoid predation.{{Cite journal |last1=Bertrand |first1=O. C. |last2=Jiménez Lao |first2=M. |last3=Shelley |first3=S. L. |last4=Wible |first4=J. R. |last5=Williamson |first5=T. E. |last6=Meng |first6=J. |last7=Brusatte |first7=S. L. |year=2023 |title=The virtual brain endocast of Trogosus (Mammalia, Tillodontia) and its relevance in understanding the extinction of archaic placental mammals |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=244 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.1111/joa.13951 |pmid=37720992 |pmc=10734658 |s2cid=262047180 |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/373913328/Bertrandetal_trogosus_endocast_manuscript_Final_university.pdf |pmc-embargo-date=September 18, 2025 }}
• Solé et al. (2023) reinstate Hyaenodictis as a genus distinct from Dissacus, and describe new fossil material of Hyaenodictis raslanloubatieri and H. rougierae from the Eocene (Ypresian) sites of La Borie and Palette (France), providing evidence that these mesonychids were digitigrade in posture and relatively cursorial in locomotion.{{Cite journal|last1=Solé |first1=F. |last2=Fournier |first2=M. |last3=Ladevèze |first3=S. |last4=Le Verger |first4=K. |last5=Godinot |first5=M. |last6=Laurent |first6=Y. |last7=Smith |first7=T. |year=2023 |title=New postcranial elements of mesonychid mammals from the Ypresian of France: New hypotheses for the radiation and evolution of the mesonychids in Europe |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=371–401 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09651-x |s2cid=258231833 }}
• Kort & Jones (2023) study the mobility of lumbar vertebrae of Patriofelis and Limnocyon, and interpret their findings as indicating that the revolute, interlocking zygapophyses of the studied vertebrae did not restrict dorsoventral flexion and extension of the spine, and their more likely function was to stabilize lumbar vertebrae against shear forces and disarticulation.{{Cite journal |last1=Kort |first1=A. E. |last2=Jones |first2=K. E. |year=2023 |title=Function of revolute zygapophyses in the lumbar vertebrae of early placental mammals |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=307 |issue=5 |pages=1918–1929 |doi=10.1002/ar.25323 |pmid=37712919|s2cid=261884759 |doi-access=free }}

• A study on the skull anatomy of specimens of Glyptodon, Doedicurus, Neosclerocalyptus and Panochthus from the Pampean Region of Argentina present in the Santiago Roth Collections housed in Europe is published by Christen, Sánchez-Villagra & Le Verger (2023), who evaluate the implications of the studied cranial characters to evolutionary hypotheses concerning relationships among Pleistocene glyptodonts.{{Cite journal|last1=Christen |first1=Z. M. |last2=Sánchez-Villagra |first2=M. R. |last3=Le Verger |first3=K. |year=2023 |title=Cranial and endocranial comparative anatomy of the Pleistocene glyptodonts from the Santiago Roth Collection |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume=142 |issue=1 |at=14 |doi=10.1186/s13358-023-00280-8 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023SwJP..142...14C }}
• Troyelli et al. (2023) present the first digital reconstruction of the endocranial cavity of Propalaehoplophorus australis.{{cite journal |last1=Troyelli |first1=A. |last2=Cassini |first2=G. H. |last3=Tirao |first3=G. |last4=Boscaini |first4=A. |last5=Fernicola |first5=J. C. |year=2023 |title=Endocranial cast anatomy of the Early Miocene glyptodont Propalaehoplophorus australis (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) and its evolutionary implications |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=907–922 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09689-x |s2cid=265124217 }}
• Fossil material of Glyptotherium cylindricum representing the most complete Central American glyptodontine material reported to date is described from the latest Pleistocene of Guatemala by Cuadrelli et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Cuadrelli |first1=F. |last2=Escamilla |first2=J. |last3=Zurita |first3=A. |last4=Gillette |first4=D. D. |last5=Dávila |first5=L. S. |title=Glyptotherium cylindricum (Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Guatemala: the most complete record of Glyptodontinae from Central America |year=2023 |journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=336–347 |doi=10.1080/03115518.2023.2242440 |bibcode=2023Alch...47..336C |s2cid=261137459 }}
• Barasoain et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of Epipeltephilus kanti from the Miocene Loma de Las Tapias Formation (Argentina), representing the youngest record of Peltephilidae reported to date.{{Cite journal |last1=Barasoain |first1=D. |last2=Croft |first2=D. A. |last3=Zurita |first3=A. E. |last4=Contreras |first4=V. H. |last5=Tomassini |first5=R. L. |title=The last horned armadillos: phylogeny and decline of Peltephilidae (Xenarthra, Cingulata) |year=2023 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=9 |issue=4 |at=e1514 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1514 |bibcode=2023PPal....9E1514B |s2cid=259890949 }}
• New collection of dasypodid osteoderms, identified as belonging to armadillos with strong affinities with taxa from Late Miocene localities in northwestern Argentina, is described from the Miocene Toro Negro Formation (La Rioja Province, Argentina) by Brandoni, Barasoain & González Ruiz (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Brandoni |first1=D. |last2=Barasoain |first2=D. |last3=González Ruiz |first3=L. R. |title=Late Miocene Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Toro Negro Formation (Central Andes, Argentina): diversity and chronological and biogeographical implications |year=2023 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a1 |s2cid=256175068 |doi-access=free |hdl=11336/225379 |hdl-access=free }}
• A study on the shape variation of osteoderms of members of Dasypodini is published by Salgado-Ahumada et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as supporting the referral of disarticulated osteoderms from the Guanaco and Ituzaingó formations (Argentina) to the genus Dasypus, confirming its presence in the late Miocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Salgado-Ahumada |first1=J. S. |last2=Ercoli |first2=M. D. |last3=Álvarez |first3=A. |last4=Castro |first4=M. C. |last5=Ciancio |first5=M. R. |title=Geometric morphometrics as a tool to identify Dasypodini osteoderms: Implications for the oldest records of Dasypus |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=597–614 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09671-7 |s2cid=260229756 }}

• A study on the dietary adaptations of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene giant ground sloths belonging to the families Nothrotheriidae, Megatheridae, Mylodontidae and Megalonychidae is published by Dantas, Campbell & McDonald (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Dantas |first1=M. A. T. |last2=Campbell |first2=S. C. |last3=Mcdonald |first3=H. G. |title=Paleoecological inferences about the Late Quaternary giant sloths |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=891–905 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09681-5 |s2cid=261410072 }}
• Evidence of niche differentiation between extinct giant sloths from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Intertropical Region is presented by Santos, Mcdonald & Dantas (2023), who interpret megalonychids and nothrotheriids as mainly climbers, mylodontines as mainly diggers, and scelidotheres and megatheriids as strictly terrestrial.{{Cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=A. M. A. |last2=Mcdonald |first2=H. G. |last3=Dantas |first3=M. A. T. |title=Inferences of the ecological habits of extinct giant sloths from the Brazilian Intertropical Region |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1168–1174 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3534 |s2cid=258873849 }}
• Varela et al. (2023) study the mandibles of fossil sloths, modeling the actions of the major muscles involved in mastication, and report that stress distribution and strain energy values differed between taxa predicted to be grazers and those predicted to be browsers; the authors also report findings indicating that sloths which had first tooth with a caniniform morphology did not use it for strenuous activities such as food processing.{{Cite journal |last1=Varela |first1=L. |last2=Tambusso |first2=P. S. |last3=Pérez Zerpa |first3=J. M. |last4=McAfee |first4=R. K. |last5=Fariña |first5=R. A. |title=3D finite element analysis and geometric morphometrics of sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) mandibles shows insights on the dietary specializations of fossil taxa |year=2023 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=128 |at=104445 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104445 |bibcode=2023JSAES.12804445V |s2cid=259583304 }}
• Miño-Boilini & Brandoni (2023) identify fossil material of a member of the genus Nematherium from the Honda Group (Colombia), extending known geographic range of members of this genus into the northern part of South America.{{Cite journal|last1=Miño-Boilini |first1=Á. R. |last2=Brandoni |first2=D. |year=2023 |title=Nematherium (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Serravallian of La Venta, Department of Huila, Colombia; chronological and biogeographical implications |journal=Andean Geology |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=436–446 |doi=10.5027/andgeoV50n3-3656 |s2cid=263647419 |doi-access=free }}
• Description of the skull anatomy of Schismotherium fractum is published by Gaudin et al. (2023), who confirm that S. fractum was a taxon distinct from Pelecyodon cristatus.{{Cite journal|last1=Gaudin |first1=T. |last2=Scaife |first2=T. |last3=Toledo |first3=N. |last4=De Iuliis |first4=G. |year=2023 |title=Cranial osteology of the basal megatherioid sloth Schismotherium (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and its taxonomic implications |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=350–368 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2162399 |s2cid=255655393 }}
• Fossil material of a juvenile megalonychid, interpreted as likely belonging to the species Ahytherium aureum and bearing marks indicating that it was fed on (and possibly predated on) by a large felid, is described from the Engrunado cave (Bahia, Brazil) by da Costa et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=da Costa |first1=J. P. |last2=de Araújo-Júnior |first2=H. I. |last3=Barbosa |first3=F. H. S. |last4=Dantas |first4=M. A. T. |title=Record of a juvenile of Ahytherium aureum from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Intertropical Region: radiocarbon dating, isotopic palaeoecology and evidence of predation by a Felidae |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1175–1185 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3556 |s2cid=260267166 |doi-access=free }}
• De Iuliis et al. (2023) consider Eucholoeops fronto and E. lafonei to be likely junior synonyms of Eucholoeops ingens, and consider Eucholoeops latifrons to be likely distinct from E. ingens.{{Cite journal|last1=De Iuliis |first1=A. M. |last2=Bargo |first2=M. S. |last3=Toledo |first3=N. |last4=Tsuji |first4=L. |last5=Vizcaíno |first5=S. F. |title=Status of Eucholoeops fronto and E. lafonei (Xenarthra, Folivora, Megalonychidae) in the systematics of the Early Miocene Eucholoeops (Santa Cruz, Argentina) |year=2023 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=45–69 |url=https://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/3578 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.15.12.2023.3578 |s2cid=266504690 |url-access=subscription }}
• A well-preserved fetus of Nothrotherium maquinense is described from the Toca da Boa Vista cave (Brazil) by Pujos et al. (2023), who interpret the studied specimen as indicating that N. maquinense gave birth to a single offspring at a time, that the newborn was approximately one-third the length of its mother, and that the newborn was likely already capable of feeding on solid food after a short period of lactation.{{Cite journal |last1=Pujos |first1=F. |last2=De Iuliis |first2=G. |last3=Vilaboin Santos |first3=L. |last4=Cartelle |first4=C. |title=Description of a fetal skeleton of the extinct sloth Nothrotherium maquinense (Xenarthra, Folivora): Ontogenetic and palaeoecological interpretations |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=577–595 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09665-5 |s2cid=259892230 }}

• New estimates of the body mass of Catonyx cuvieri, Eremotherium laurillardi, Glyptotherium sp., Glossotherium phoenesis, Holmesina paulacoutoi, Nothrotherium maquinense, Ocnotherium giganteum, Pachyarmatherium brasiliense, Pampatherium humboldti and Valgipes bucklandi are presented by Barbosa et al. (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Barbosa |first1=F. H. S. |last2=Alves-Silva |first2=L. |last3=Liparini |first3=A. |last4=Porpino |first4=K. O. |title=Reviewing the body size of some extinct Brazilian Quaternary Xenarthrans |year=2023 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1160–1167 |doi=10.1002/jqs.3560 |s2cid=261041279 |doi-access=free }}

• Novacek, Hoffman & O'leary (2023) describe new fossil material of Asioryctes nemegtensis from the Upper Cretaceous Djadochta Formation (Mongolia), expanding known geographic and stratigraphic range of this species.{{Cite journal |last1=Novacek |first1=M. J. |last2=Hoffman |first2=E. A. |last3=O'leary |first3=M. A. |year=2023 |title=First occurrence of the eutherian mammal Asioryctes nemegtensis from the Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia, and a revised alpha taxonomy based on the skull and dentition |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=4 |at=e2196320 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2196320 |s2cid=258470274 |doi-access=free }}

• A study on the ecomorphological diversity of the Late Cretaceous metatherians from North America, based on data from their teeth, is published by Brannick et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of a wide range of dietary niches in the studied metatherians, with moderately high and stable diversity of dental morphology and diets relative to other mammalian clades.{{cite journal|last1=Brannick |first1=A. L. |last2=Fulghum |first2=H. Z. |last3=Grossnickle |first3=D. M. |last4=Wilson Mantilla |first4=G. P. |title=Dental ecomorphology and macroevolutionary patterns of North American Late Cretaceous metatherians |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=26 |issue=3 |at=26.3.a48 |doi=10.26879/1177 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the affinities of metatherians from the Paleogene Itaboraí Basin (Brazil) is published by Carneiro & Oliveira (2023).{{cite book |last1=Carneiro |first1=L. M. |last2=Oliveira |first2=É. V. |title=American and Australasian Marsupials |date=2022 |chapter=Paleogene Metatherians from the Itaboraí Basin: Diversity and Affinities |editor1=N. C. Cáceres |editor2=C. R. Dickman |pages=1–56 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-88800-8_5-1 |isbn=978-3-030-88800-8 }}
• Engelman & Croft (2023) redescribe partial skull of an unusual carnivorous metatherian from the Miocene-Pliocene Santa María Group (Catamarca Province, Argentina), representing the seventh carnivorous metatherian taxon from the late Cenozoic of northwestern Argentina, and interpret it as most likely representing a small-bodied sparassodont taxon.{{Cite journal |last1=Engelman |first1=R. K. |last2=Croft |first2=D. A. |year=2023 |title=A seventh carnivorous metatherian taxon (Sparassodonta) from the late Miocene-early Pliocene Santa María group of Catamarca Province, Argentina |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=129 |at=104493 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104493 |bibcode=2023JSAES.12904493E |s2cid=260025751 }}
• Guimarães et al. (2023) describe a large canine of a member of the family Proborhyaenidae from the Eocene Guabirotuba Formation (Brazil), representing the largest mammalian predator of the Guabirotuba Fauna reported to date and expanding known geographical range of proborhyaenids.{{Cite journal|last1=Guimarães |first1=B. M. G. |last2=Rangel |first2=C. C. |last3=Carneiro |first3=L. M. |last4=Sedor |first4=F. A. |last5=Oliveira |first5=É. V. |title=A large mammalian predator (Metatheria, Sparassodonta, Proborhyaenidae) in the Guabirotuba Formation (Curitiba Basin; middle Eocene) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |year=2023 |volume=133 |at=104717 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104717 |s2cid=265629283 }}
• Suarez et al. (2023) redescribe the skull of Anachlysictis gracilis and propose a new reconstruction of the external morphology of its head.{{Cite journal |last1=Suarez |first1=C. |last2=Forasiepi |first2=A. M. |last3=Babot |first3=M. J. |last4=Shinmura |first4=T. |last5=Luque |first5=J. |last6=Vanegas |first6=R. D. |last7=Cadena |first7=E. A. |last8=Goin |first8=F. J. |title=A sabre-tooth predator from the Neotropics: Cranial morphology of Anachlysictis gracilis Goin, 1997 (Metatheria, Thylacosmilidae), based on new specimens from La Venta (Middle Miocene, Colombia) |year=2023 |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=45 |issue=18 |pages=497–572 |doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a18 |s2cid=264306526 |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/18 |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the skull and likely vision of Thylacosmilus atrox is published by Gaillard, MacPhee & Forasiepi (2023), who find that, while changes in the skull anatomy related to the growth of the canines of this sparassodont resulted in a divergent orbit orientation, frontation and verticality of the orbits compensated for their low convergence and made it possible to partially preserve binocularity.{{cite journal |last1=Gaillard |first1=C. |last2=MacPhee |first2=R. D. E. |last3=Forasiepi |first3=A. M. |year=2023 |title=Seeing through the eyes of the sabertooth Thylacosmilus atrox (Metatheria, Sparassodonta) |journal=Communications Biology |volume=6 |issue=1 |at=257 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-04624-5 |pmid=36944801 |pmc=10030895 | doi-access = free }}
• Gônet et al. (2023) present a model which can be used to determine posture from humeral parameters in extant mammals, and use it to infer a crouched posture for Peratherium cuvieri.{{Cite journal |last1=Gônet |first1=J. |last2=Bardin |first2=J. |last3=Girondot |first3=M. |last4=Hutchinson |first4=J. R. |last5=Laurin |first5=M. |year=2023 |title=Unravelling the postural diversity of mammals: Contribution of humeral cross-sections to palaeobiological inferences |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=321–337 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09652-w |s2cid=256788973 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09652-w |access-date=2023-02-09 |archive-date=2023-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209201118/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09652-w |url-status=live }}
• Two new specimens of Orhaniyeia nauta, providing new information on the anatomy of this species and on the affinities of anatoliadelphyids, are described from the Eocene Uzunçarşıdere Formation (Turkey) by Beard et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Beard |first1=K. C. |last2=Coster |first2=P. M. C. |last3=Ocakoğlu |first3=F. |last4=Licht |first4=A. |last5=Métais |first5=G. |year=2023 |title=Dental anatomy, phylogenetic relationships and paleoecology of Orhaniyeia nauta (Metatheria, Anatoliadelphyidae), a Gondwanan component of the insular Eocene mammal fauna of Balkanatolia (north-central Turkey) |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=859–872 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09680-6 |s2cid=261552941 |url=https://hal.science/hal-04211889/file/Beard%20et%20al.%202023%20JME%20OA.pdf }}
• A study on the affinities of Estelestes ensis is published by Goin et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Goin |first1=F. J. |last2=Vieytes |first2=E. C. |last3=Crespo |first3=V. D. |last4=Oliveira |first4=É. V. |year=2023 |title=†Estelestes ensis (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the early Eocene of Baja California (Mexico) as a generalized polydolopimorphian |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=533–538 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2022.105 |bibcode=2023JPal...97..533G |s2cid=256148665 }}
• New fossil material of didelphimorphian and paucituberculatan marsupials, including the first records of palaeothentines and abderitids from the Brazilian Amazonia, is described from the Miocene Solimões Formation by Stutz et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Stutz |first1=N. S. |last2=Hadler |first2=P. |last3=Negri |first3=F. R. |last4=Marivaux |first4=L. |last5=Antoine |first5=P.-O. |last6=Pujos |first6=F. |last7=Jacó |first7=T. R. |last8=Fontoura |first8=E. M. |last9=Kerber |first9=L. |last10=Hsiou |first10=A. S. |last11=Ventura Santos |first11=R. |last12=Alvim |first12=A. M. V. |last13=Ribeiro |first13=A. M. |year=2023 |title=New records of marsupials from the Miocene of Western Amazonia, Acre, Brazil |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=457–475 |doi=10.4202/app.01057.2023 |s2cid=264399179 |url=https://app.pan.pl/article/item/app010572023.html |doi-access=free }}
• A study on the bone histology of Nimbadon lavarackorum, providing evidence that this marsupial experienced cyclical growth rates and needed at least 7–8 years to reach skeletal maturity, is published by Chinsamy et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Chinsamy |first1=A. |last2=Black |first2=K. H. |last3=Hand |first3=S. J. |last4=Archer |first4=M. |year=2023 |title=Paleobiological implications of the bone histology of the extinct Australian marsupial Nimbadon lavarackorum |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=722–734 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2023.22 |bibcode=2023JPal...97..722C |s2cid=258541826 |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence from tooth microwear and stable isotope analysis of the fossil material of Nimbadon lavarackorum from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area , interpreted as indicative of a high proportion of fruit in the diet, is presented by DeSantis et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=DeSantis |first1=L. |last2=Archer |first2=M. |last3=Black |first3=K. |last4=Hand |first4=S. |last5=Korasidis |first5=V. |title=Tree-climbing in search of fruit: an ancient arboreal marsupial megafrugivore from the Miocene of Australia |year=2023 |journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=534–542 |doi=10.1080/03115518.2023.2268680 |bibcode=2023Alch...47..534D |s2cid=265201158 }}
• A study on the diets of Pleistocene marsupial herbivores, inferred from calcium and strontium isotope compositions of fossils from Wellington Caves and the Bingara region (New South Wales, Australia), is published by Koutamanis et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of small home ranges and a diversity of dietary niches of the studied marsupials.{{Cite journal|last1=Koutamanis |first1=D. |last2=McCurry |first2=M. |last3=Tacail |first3=T. |last4=Dosseto |first4=A. |year=2023 |title=Reconstructing Pleistocene Australian herbivore megafauna diet using calcium and strontium isotopes |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=10 |issue=11 |at=230991 |doi=10.1098/rsos.230991 |pmid=38026016 |pmc=10663789 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030991K }}

• A study on the fossil material of eutriconodontans from the Early Cretaceous Teete vertebrate assemblage (Sakha, Russia), assigned to representatives of Sangarotherium aquilonium and two species of Gobiconodon (including the largest species of this genus known from Asia), is published by Averianov et al. (2023), who interpret the studied fossils as supporting the existence of a dispersal route from Asia to North America through Beringia in the Early Cretaceous.{{Cite journal|last1=Averianov |first1=A. O. |last2=Martin |first2=T. |last3=Lopatin |first3=A. V. |last4=Skutschas |first4=P. P. |last5=Vitenko |first5=D. D. |last6=Schellhorn |first6=R. |last7=Kolosov |first7=P. N. |year=2023 |title=On the way from Asia to America: eutriconodontan mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Russia |journal=The Science of Nature |volume=110 |issue=4 |at=40 |doi=10.1007/s00114-023-01868-3 |pmid=37530873 |bibcode=2023SciNa.110...40A |s2cid=260358210 }}
• Han et al. (2023) describe entangled specimens of Repenomamus robustus and Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis from the Lujiatun Member of the Yixian Formation (China), and interpret the studied specimens as likely locked in combat as a result of the predation attempt on the part of the mammal.{{Cite journal|last1=Han |first1=G. |last2=Mallon |first2=J. C. |last3=Lussier |first3=A. J. |last4=Wu |first4=X.-C. |last5=Mitchell |first5=R. |last6=Li |first6=L.-J. |year=2023 |title=An extraordinary fossil captures the struggle for existence during the Mesozoic |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=11221 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8 |pmid=37464026 |pmc=10354204 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1311221H |doi-access=free }}
• Description of the petrosal and inner ear morphology of a probable member of the genus Astroconodon from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation (Montana, United States) is published by Hoffmann et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Hoffmann |first1=S. |last2=Kirk |first2=E. C. |last3=Rowe |first3=T. B. |last4=Cifelli |first4=R. L. |year=2023 |title=Petrosal morphology of the Early Cretaceous triconodontid Astroconodon from the Cloverly Formation (Montana, USA) |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=819–844 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09673-5 |s2cid=260652851 }}
• Krause & Hoffmann (2023) provisionally assign a caudal vertebra from the Anembalemba Member of the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation (Madagascar) to Vintana sertichi, representing the first known postcranial material of this species.{{Cite journal |last1=Krause |first1=D. W. |last2=Hoffmann |first2=S. |year=2023 |title=First postcranial remains of the Late Cretaceous gondwanatherian mammal Vintana sertichi |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=149 |at=105577 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105577 |bibcode=2023CrRes.14905577K |s2cid=258724079 }}
• Won, So & Jon (2023) describe a partial skeleton of a multituberculate from the Lower Cretaceous Sinuiju Formation, representing the first finding of a Mesozoic mammal from North Korea reported to date.{{Cite journal |last1=Won |first1=C. G. |last2=So |first2=K. S. |last3=Jon |first3=S. H. |year=2023 |title=The First Known Mesozoic Mammal in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=826–832 |doi=10.1134/S0031030123070122 |bibcode=2023PalJ...57..826W |s2cid=265500498 }}
• Luo & Martin (2023) describe new fossil material (mandibles and teeth) of Henkelotherium guimarotae, reporting evidence of late eruption of several molars after completion of replacement of antemolar teeth, possibly indicating longer-lived life or different life-history traits than in crown therians.{{Cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Z.-X. |last2=Martin |first2=T. |year=2023 |title=Mandibular and dental characteristics of the Late Jurassic mammal Henkelotherium guimarotae (Paurodontidae, Dryolestida) |journal=PalZ |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=569–619 |doi=10.1007/s12542-023-00651-z |bibcode=2023PalZ...97..569L |s2cid=258023028 }}

• A study on the masticatory muscle features of extant and extinct mammals is published by Ercoli et al. (2023), who find that early mammaliaforms and mammals had similar muscle proportions to those of living carnivores, and find similarities in the masticatory muscle features of rodents and derived extinct euungulates and diprotodonts.{{cite journal |last1=Ercoli |first1=M. D. |last2=Álvarez |first2=A. |last3=Warburton |first3=N. M. |last4=Janis |first4=C. M. |last5=Potapova |first5=E. G. |last6=Herring |first6=S. W. |last7=Cassini |first7=G. H. |last8=Tarquini |first8=J. |last9=Kuznetsov |first9=A. |year=2023 |title=Myology of the masticatory apparatus of herbivorous mammals and a novel classification for a better understanding of herbivore diversity |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=1106–1155 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac102 }}
• Martinez et al. (2023) find no evidence of a significant relation between the relative surface area of the maxilloturbinal and physiological traits such as metabolism and body temperature in extant mammals, and interpret their findings as challenging the hypothesis positing that respiratory turbinals reflect the thermal and metabolic physiology in extant and extinct tetrapods (especially in mammals).{{cite journal |last1=Martinez |first1=Q. |last2=Okrouhlík |first2=J. |last3=Šumbera |first3=R. |last4=Wright |first4=M. |last5=Araújo |first5=R. |last6=Braude |first6=S. |last7=Hildebrandt |first7=T. B. |last8=Holtze |first8=S. |last9=Ruf |first9=I. |last10=Fabre |first10=P.-H. |year=2023 |title=Mammalian maxilloturbinal evolution does not reflect thermal biology |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=1 |at=4425 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39994-1 |pmid=37479710 |pmc=10361988 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4425M |doi-access=free }}
• Claytor et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of mammals living within the first 80,000 years of the Paleocene from the Hell Creek region of northeastern Montana (United States), providing new information on the earliest phases of mammalian recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.{{Cite journal |last1=Claytor |first1=J. R. |last2=Weaver |first2=L. N. |last3=Tobin |first3=T. S. |last4=Wilson Mantilla |first4=G. P. |year=2023 |title=New mammalian local faunas from the first ca. 80 ka of the Paleocene in northeastern Montana and a revised model of biotic recovery from the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=42 |issue=6 |at=e2222777 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2222777 |s2cid=260152635 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/23735739 |url-access=subscription }}
• A study on the timing of the placental diversification, as inferred from genomic data, is published by Foley et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of diversification of placentals coinciding with the breakup of continental landmasses and rising sea levels in the Late Cretaceous, and a second pulse of diversification after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.{{cite journal |last1=Foley |first1=N. M. |last2=Mason |first2=V. C. |last3=Harris |first3=A. J. |last4=Bredemeyer |first4=K. R. |last5=Damas |first5=J. |last6=Lewin |first6=H. A. |last7=Eizirik |first7=E. |last8=Gatesy |first8=J. |last9=Karlsson |first9=E. K. |last10=Lindblad-Toh |first10=K. |author11=Zoonomia Consortium |last12=Springer |first12=M. S. |last13=Murphy |first13=W. J. |year=2023 |title=A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6643 |at=eabl8189 |doi=10.1126/science.abl8189 |pmid=37104581 |pmc=10233747 }}
• Carlisle et al. (2023) estimate the timing of the origin of placental clades on the basis of the fossil record, arguing that Placentalia likely originated in the Late Cretaceous, but the majority of placental orders likely originated around or after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, possibly during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum.{{cite journal |last1=Carlisle |first1=E. |last2=Janis |first2=C. M. |last3=Pisani |first3=D. |last4=Donoghue |first4=P. C. J. |last5=Silvestro |first5=D. |year=2023 |title=A timescale for placental mammal diversification based on Bayesian modeling of the fossil record |journal=Current Biology |volume=33 |issue=15 |pages=3073–3082.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.016 |pmid=37379845 |s2cid=259279073 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CBio...33E3073C |pmc=7617171 }}
• Benevento et al. (2023) study changes in species richness of terrestrial North American mammals throughout the Cretaceous and the Cenozoic, and interpret their findings as indicating that mammals of all body sizes, rather than only large-bodied ones, diversified substantially during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, and that increases in the diversity of small-bodied species were similar to those of larger ones.{{Cite journal |last1=Benevento |first1=G. L. |last2=Benson |first2=R. B. J. |last3=Close |first3=R. A. |last4=Butler |first4=R. J. |title=Early Cenozoic increases in mammal diversity cannot be explained solely by expansion into larger body sizes |year=2023 |journal=Palaeontology |volume=66 |issue=3 |at=e12653 |doi=10.1111/pala.12653 |bibcode=2023Palgy..6612653B |s2cid=259253090 |doi-access=free }}
• Friscia, Borths & Croft (2023) compare the evolutionary trajectories of sparassodonts and hyaenodonts, and find that both groups became increasingly carnivorous during the Cenozoic, but only in hyaenodonts this change corresponded with increase in body size.{{cite book |last1=Friscia |first1=A. R. |last2=Borths |first2=M. R. |last3=Croft |first3=D. A. |title=Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems |year=2023 |chapter=Comparing the Evolution of the Extinct, Endemic Carnivorous Mammals of South America and Africa (Sparassodonts and Hyaenodonts) |editor1=Isaac Casanovas-Vilar |editor2=Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende |editor3=Christine M. Janis |editor4=Juha Saarinen |series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology |pages=59–77 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-17491-9_5 |isbn=978-3-031-17490-2 }}
• A study on the competition for prey between Miocene mammalian and reptilian predators at La Venta (Colombia) is published by Wilson & Parker (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of limited competition for resources among the carnivore guild compared to the most similar extant communities, a dominant role of crocodyliform predators in the studied community, and low predation pressure which might have resulted in overpopulation leading to feeding stress in the notoungulate species Pericotoxodon platignathus.{{Cite journal|last1=Wilson |first1=O. E. |last2=Parker |first2=A. K. |year=2023 |title=Low predator competition indicates occupation of macro-predatory niches by giant Miocene reptiles at La Venta, Colombia |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=632 |at=111843 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111843 |s2cid=264112406 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PPP...63211843W }}
• Evidence indicating that the greatest change in faunal composition of the mammalian assemblage from the Miocene Dove Spring Formation (California, United States) coincided with basin rotation and translation during the tectonic history of the studied geological formation is presented by Hardy & Badgley (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Hardy |first1=F. C. |last2=Badgley |first2=C. |year=2023 |title=Mammalian faunal change of the Miocene Dove Spring Formation, Mojave region, southern California, USA, in relation to tectonic history |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=136 |issue=7–8 |pages=2646–2660 |doi=10.1130/B37082.1 |s2cid=265192708 }}
• Revision of the fossil record of mammals from the Miocene to Pleistocene Salicas Formation (Argentina) is published by Ruiz-Ramoni et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Ruiz-Ramoni |first1=D. |last2=Romano |first2=C. O. |last3=Tarquini |first3=S. D. |last4=Forasiepi |first4=A. M. |last5=García Massini |first5=J. L. |last6=Barbeau |first6=D. L. |last7=Cruz |first7=L. E. |last8=Barasoain |first8=D. |last9=Cerdeño |first9=E. |last10=Madozzo Jaén |first10=M. C. |last11=Combina |first11=A. M. |last12=Asurmendi |first12=E. |last13=Pujana |first13=R. R. |last14=Torres Carro |first14=V. |last15=Ortiz |first15=P. E. |last16=Schmidt |first16=G. I. |last17=Krapovickas |first17=V. |last18=Fernicola |first18=J. C. |last19=Marenssi |first19=S. A. |last20=Prevosti |first20=F. J. |title=Mammalian diversity and age of the Salicas formation (Late Miocene–early Pleistocene), Northwestern Argentina: State of knowledge and new contributions |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |year=2023 |volume=131 |at=104605 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104605 |bibcode=2023JSAES.13104605R |s2cid=263197134 }}
• A study on biodiversity losses in large, eastern African mammalian herbivore fauna during the past 7.4 million years is published by Lauer et al. (2023), who report that large herbivore diversity losses occurring before the mid-Pleistocene were related to environmental changes and involved no significant threat to community ecological function, but the biodiversity losses that followed the interval of 1.9–1.7 million years ago threatened the assembly and function of large herbivore communities, which might have been related to the increase in the variability and aridity of eastern African climates.{{Cite journal|last1=Lauer |first1=D. A. |last2=Lawing |first2=A. M. |last3=Short |first3=R. A. |last4=Manthi |first4=F. K. |last5=Müller |first5=J. |last6=Head |first6=J. J. |last7=McGuire |first7=J. L. |year=2023 |title=Disruption of trait-environment relationships in African megafauna occurred in the middle Pleistocene |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=1 |at=4016 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39480-8 |pmid=37463920 |pmc=10354096 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4016L |doi-access=free }}
• Evidence of gradual decrease in the abundance of large-sized mammals in the African fossil record over the past 4 million years is presented by Bibi & Cantalapiedra (2023).{{Cite journal |last1=Bibi |first1=F. |last2=Cantalapiedra |first2=J. L. |title=Plio-Pleistocene African megaherbivore losses associated with community biomass restructuring |year=2023 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6649 |pages=1076–1080 |doi=10.1126/science.add8366 |pmid=37289876 |bibcode=2023Sci...380.1076B |s2cid=259112374 }}
• Evidence from stable carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios of bone collagen of reindeers, bovids and horses from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic site of Les Cottés (France), interpreted as indicative of greater behavioural plasticity of Late Pleistocene reindeers compared to other studied ungulates (including significant consumption of lichen, probable larger total range and greater variability among reindeers themselves), is presented by Britton et al. (2023).{{Cite journal|last1=Britton |first1=K. |last2=Jimenez |first2=E.-L. |last3=Le Corre |first3=M. |last4=Renou |first4=S. |last5=Rendu |first5=W. |last6=Richards |first6=M. P. |last7=Hublin |first7=J.-J. |last8=Soressi |first8=M. |year=2023 |title=Multi-isotope analysis of bone collagen of Late Pleistocene ungulates reveals niche partitioning and behavioural plasticity of reindeer during MIS 3 |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=15722 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-42199-7 |pmid=37735582 |pmc=10514192 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatSR..1315722B }}
• Evidence from stable isotope composition of collagen and bioapatite of fossil bones of late Pleistocene mammals from the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site (Uruguay), interpreted as indicative of diverse dietary preferences of herbivores and supporting the existence of niche partitioning among closely related taxa, is presented by Varela et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Varela |first1=L. |last2=Clavijo |first2=L. |last3=Tambusso |first3=P. S. |last4=Fariña |first4=R. A. |year=2023 |title=A window into a late Pleistocene megafauna community: Stable isotopes show niche partitioning among herbivorous taxa at the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site (Uruguay) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=317 |at=108286 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108286 |bibcode=2023QSRv..31708286V |s2cid=261443259 }}
• A study on the paleoecology of large mammals from the Pleistocene of southern Brazilian Pampa, providing evidence of the studied mammals living mostly in grassland environments with likely seasonal climate and feeding on mainly on cool-season grasses, is published by Carrasco et al. (2023).{{cite journal |last1=Carrasco |first1=T. S. |last2=Ribeiro |first2=A. M. |last3=Mota |first3=G. S. |last4=Buchmann |first4=F. S. |year=2023 |title=Paleobiology of Pleistocene large land mammals from the Brazilian Pampa |journal=Quaternary International |volume=676 |pages=63–72 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.013 |bibcode=2023QuInt.676...63C |s2cid=265058659 }}
• A study on the age of fossils of eight most common mammal species (coyotes and seven extinct species) from the La Brea Tar Pits (California, United States) is published by O'Keefe et al. (2023), who find that seven of the studied species disappeared before the onset of the Younger Dryas, that Paramylodon harlani and Camelops hesternus disappeared before the other five species, that the disappearances of Smilodon fatalis, Aenocyon dirus, Panthera atrox, Bison antiquus and Equus occidentalis were contemporaneous, and that the disappearances were likely primarily caused by large-scale fires, which in turn might have been caused by humans igniting fires in a warming and increasingly arid climate.{{cite journal |last1=O'Keefe |first1=F. R. |last2=Dunn |first2=R. E. |last3=Weitzel |first3=E. M. |last4=Waters |first4=M. R. |last5=Martinez |first5=L. N. |last6=Binder |first6=W. J. |last7=Southon |first7=J. R. |last8=Cohen |first8=J. E. |last9=Meachen |first9=J. A. |last10=DeSantis |first10=L. R. G. |last11=Kirby |first11=M. E. |last12=Ghezzo |first12=E. |last13=Coltrain |first13=J. B. |last14=Fuller |first14=B. T. |last15=Farrell |first15=A. B. |last16=Takeuchi |first16=G. T. |last17=MacDonald |first17=G. |last18=Davis |first18=E. B. |last19=Lindsey |first19=E. L. |year=2023 |title=Pre–Younger Dryas megafaunal extirpation at Rancho La Brea linked to fire-driven state shift |journal=Science |volume=381 |issue=6659 |at=eabo3594 |doi=10.1126/science.abo3594 |pmid=37590347 |s2cid=260956289 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abo3594 |url-access=subscription }}
• A study on the population trajectories of members of extant terrestrial megafauna throughout the Quaternary, as indicated by genomic data, is published by Bergman et al. (2023), who find evidence of population declines in the majority of the studied species, and interpret the pattern of their decline as better explained by expansion Homo sapiens than by climate changes.{{Cite journal|last1=Bergman |first1=J. |last2=Pedersen |first2=R. Ø. |last3=Lundgren |first3=E. J. |last4=Lemoine |first4=R. T. |last5=Monsarrat |first5=S. |last6=Pearce |first6=E. A. |last7=Schierup |first7=M. H. |last8=Svenning |first8=J.-C. |year=2023 |title=Worldwide Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene population declines in extant megafauna are associated with Homo sapiens expansion rather than climate change |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=1 |at=7679 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-43426-5 |pmid=37996436 |pmc=10667484 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.7679B }}
• Seeber et al. (2023) report the discovery of ancient environmental DNA of multiple mammoth and woolly rhinoceros individuals from recent lake sediments from the Yamal Peninsula (Russia), far from the time likely to host living individuals, and argue that physical processes, rather than presence of live organisms, are responsible for the recovery of the studied DNA.{{Cite journal|last1=Seeber |first1=P. A. |last2=Batke |first2=L. |last3=Dvornikov |first3=Y. |last4=Schmidt |first4=A. |last5=Wang |first5=Y. |last6=Stoof-Leichsenring |first6=K. R. |last7=Moon |first7=K. L. |last8=Shapiro |first8=B. |last9=Epp |first9=L. S. |year=2023 |title=Mitochondrial genomes of Pleistocene megafauna retrieved from recent sediment layers of two Siberian lakes |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/eLife.89992 |pmid=38488477 |pmc=10942779 |doi-access=free }}

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Category:2023 in paleontology

Category:Prehistoric mammals