megalopolises in China

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In China, a megalopolis ({{zh|s=城市群|p=Chéngshì Qún}})In Standard for basic terminology of urban planning (GB/T 50280—98) issued in 1998, {{Lang|zh-cn|城市群}} is defined as "An area in which cities are relatively densely distributed in a certain region". is a designation by the government to promote the development of a group of cities through transportation and communication links.

Conceptual history

The Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012 identified 13 megalopolises: Chang-Zhu-Tan (Greater Changsha), Chengdu, Chongqing, Greater Beijing i.e. Jing-Jin-Ji, Greater Shanghai (incl. Suzhou), Greater Xi'an, Greater Zhengzhou, Greater Guangzhou, Hefei economic circle (incl. Lu'an, Huainan, Chaohu), Shandong Peninsula, Greater Shenyang, Shenzhen and Wuhan.{{cite journal|title=Supersized Cities|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit|url=https://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=Megalopolis2012|date=2012}}

As of 2018, there are nine officially approved megalopolises in China. In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission stated that plans for six city clusters had been completed in 2016, five in 2017, with eight more forthcoming for a total of 19 city cluster plans by 2020.{{update-inline|date=February 2024}} The new city clusters identified in 2017 were Lanzhou-Xining, Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin, Guanzhong Plain, Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area.{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-07/12/content_30078485.htm|title=Five city clusters planned to help boost balanced growth|last=王建芬|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=14 April 2018}}

The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (covering 2016-2020) highlighted nineteen city clusters to be developed and strengthened pursuant to a geographic layout referred to as two horizontals and three verticals (liang heng san zong).{{Cite book |last=Hu |first=Richard |title=Reinventing the Chinese City |date=2023 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-21101-7 |location=New York}}{{Rp|page=206}} The highlighted clusters included the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta region, and the Greater Bay area.{{Rp|page=206}} Development of these clusters includes establishing regional coordination mechanisms, sharing development costs and benefits, collaborative industrial development, and shared governance approaches to ecological issues and environmental protection.{{Rp|page=208}}

File:Megalópoles na China.svg

Major Chinese megalopolises

class="wikitable sortable"

! Megalopolises

! Metropolitan areas

! Cities

! Area ( km2)

! data-sort-type=number | Population

! Date of approval

Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis{{cite web |url = http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/qy/550016.htm |title = 关于长江三角洲构建世界第六大城市群的思考 |website = China.com.cn |access-date = 2013-04-04 }}

|

Shanghai, Nanjing Metropolitan Area, Hangzhou Metropolitan Area, Hefei Metropolitan Area, Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area, Ningbo Metropolitan Area

| Municipality: Shanghai
Jiangsu: Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou
Zhejiang: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhoushan, Taizhou
Anhui: Hefei, Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chuzhou, Chizhou, Xuancheng

| 350,000

| 240,000,000 (2020)

| 22 May 2016
{{cite web |title = 长江三角洲城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Yangtze River City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzgggz/fzgh/zcfg/201606/W020160715547746056307.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date = 2016-06-01 |language = zh-CN }}

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/22/un-cities-mega-regions |title = UN report: World's biggest cities merging into 'mega-regions' |last = Vidal |first=John |date=2010-03-22 |work=The Guardian |location=London }}

| Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing Metropolitan Area, Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou Metropolitan Area, Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen Metropolitan Area{{Cite web |url = http://zwgk.gd.gov.cn/006939748/201801/t20180113_748466.html |title = 印发《珠江三角洲城乡规划一体化规划(2009-2020年)》的通知 |publisher=广东省人民政府办公厅 |date=2010-07-30 |language=zh-CN }}

| Guangdong: Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhongshan
SARs: Hong Kong, Macau

| 56,000

| 70,000,000 (2017)

| 18 February 2019
{{Cite web |title=Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |url = https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/filemanager/en/share/pdf/Outline_Development_Plan.pdf |language=en-HK }}{{cite web |title = 中共中央 国务院印发《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》 |url = http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-02/18/content_5366593.htm#1 |website = Gov.cn |date = 2019-02-18 |language=zh-CN }}

Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis

| Beijing Metropolitan Area, Tianjin Metropolitan Area

| Municipalities: Beijing, Tianjin
Hebei: Xiong'an New Area, Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou, Qinhuangdao, Xingtai, Handan, Hengshui

| 217,100

| 130,000,000

| Pending approval

Shandong Peninsula Megalopolis

| Jinan Metropolitan Area, Qingdao Metropolitan Area

| Shandong: Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Zibo, Binzhou, Dongying, Tai'an, Weifang, Rizhao, Linyi

|

| 28,000,000

| Pending approval

Mid-Southern Liaoning Megalopolis

| Shenyang Metropolitan Area, Dalian Metropolitan Area

| Liaoning: Shenyang, Dalian, Benxi, Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, Pulandian, Gaizhou

|

| 27,000,000

| Pending approval

Yangtze River Midstream Megalopolis

| Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Circum-Changzhutan City Cluster, Circum-Poyang Lake City Cluster

| Hubei: Wuhan, Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Tianmen, Xiangyang, Yichang, Jinzhou
Hunan: Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Yiyang, Changde, Hengyang, Loudi
Jiangxi: Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Yingtan, Xinyu, Yichun, Pingxiang, Shangrao, Fuzhou, Ji'an

| 317,000

| 121,000,000 (2014)

| 26 March 2015
{{cite web |title=长江中游城市群发展规划 |trans-title=Middle Yangtze River Valley City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/web/fileread.jsp?id=162 |format=PDF |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2015-04-13 |language=zh-CN }}

Harbin-Changchun Megalopolis

| Harbin Metropolitan Area, Changchun-Jilin Metropolitan Area

| Heilongjiang: Harbin, Daqing, Qiqihar, Suihua, Mudanjiang
Jilin: Changchun, Jilin, Siping, Liaoyuan, Songyuan, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

| 51,100

| 20,000,000 (2015)

| 23 February 2016
{{cite web |title = 哈长城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Harbin-Changchun City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201603/W020160311502327595267.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2016-03-07 |language = zh-CN }}

Chengyu Megalopolis

| Chengdu Metropolitan Area, Chongqing Metropolitan Area

| Municipality: Chongqing
Sichuan: Chengdu, Leshan, Luzhou, Mianyang, Nanchong, Yibin, Meishan, Ziyang, Deyang, Suining, Neijiang, Zigong, Yongchuan, Dazhou, Guang'an

| 185,000

| 90,940,000 (2014)

| 12 April 2016
{{cite web |title = 成渝城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Chengyu City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://ghs.ndrc.gov.cn/ghwb/gjjgh/201605/W020160504587326864691.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2016-04-27 |language = zh-CN }}

Central Plain Megalopolis

| Greater Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area

| Henan: Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Anyang, Xinxiang, Pingdingshan, Xuchang, Jiaozuo, Zhoukou, Xinyang, Zhumadian, Hebi, Puyang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan
Shanxi: Changzhi, Jincheng, Yuncheng
Hebei: Xingtai, Handan
Shandong: Liaocheng, Heze
Anhui: Huaibei, Bengbu, Suzhou, Fuyang, Bozhou

| 287,000

| 24,170,000

| 28 December 2016
{{cite web |title = 中原城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Central Plain City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://bgt.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/201701/W020170105525258627770.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2016-12-29 |language = zh-CN }}

Beibu Gulf Megalopolis

| Nanning, Nanning-Beihai-Qinzhou-Fangchenggang, Zhanjiang-Maoming-Yangjiang, Haikou, Zhanjiang

| Guangxi: Nanning, Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, Yulin, Chongzuo
Guangdong: Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang
Hainan: Haikou, Zhangzhou, Dongfang, Chengmai, Lingao, Changjiang

| 116,600

| 41,410,000 (2015)

| 20 January 2017
{{cite web |title = 北部湾城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Beibu Gulf City Cluster Development |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201702/W020170216362645575583.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2017-02-10 |language=zh-CN }}

Guanzhong Plain Megalopolis

| Greater Xi'an Metropolitan Area

| Shaanxi: Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone, Shangluo (Shangzhou District, Luonan County, Danfeng County and Zhashui County)
Shanxi: Yuncheng (Pinglu County and Yuanqu County excluded), Linyi (Yaodu District, Houma City, Xiangfen County, Huozhou, Quwo County, Yicheng County, Hongtong County and Fushan County)
Gansu: Tianshui, Pingliang (Kongtong District, Huating County, Jingchuan County, Chongxin County and Lingtai County), downtown Qingyang

| 107,100

| 38,630,000 (2016)

| 9 January 2018
{{cite web |title=关中平原城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Guanzhong Plain City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201802/W020180214323576289287.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2018-02-02 |language=zh-CN }}

Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Megalopolis

|

| Inner Mongolia: Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos

Shaanxi: Yulin

| 175,000

| 11,384,000 (2016)

| 5 February 2018
{{cite web |title=呼包鄂榆城市群发展规划 |trans-title=Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201803/W020180306596012316940.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2018-02-27 |language=zh-CN }}

Lanzhou-Xining Megalopolis

| Lanzhou-Baiyin Metropolitan Area, Xining-Haidong Metropolitan Area

| Gansu: Lanzhou, Baiyin (Baiyin District, Pingchuan District, Jingyuan County, Jingtai County), Dingxi (Anding District, Longxi County, Weiyuan County, Lintao County), Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (Linxia City, Dongxiang Autonomous County, Yongjing County, Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County)
Qinghai: Xining, Haidong, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Haiyan County), Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gonghe County, Guide County, Guinan County), Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Tongren County, Jianzha County)

| 97,500

| 11,930,000 (2016)

| 22 February 2018
{{cite web |title = 兰州—西宁城市群发展规划 |trans-title = Lanzhou-Xining City Cluster Development Plan |url = http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201803/W020180320368228843033.pdf |publisher = National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |date=2018-03-13 |language = zh-CN }}

See also

References

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{{Economy of China}}

{{Regions and cities of China}}

China

Category:Regions of China

Category:Lists of cities in China