List of invasive species in Texas
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Numerous non-native plants have been introduced to Texas in the United States and many of them have become invasive species. The following is a list of some non-native invasive plant species established in Texas.
Aquatic plants
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|+{{big| Invasive aquatic plants in Texas}} !class=unsortable|Picture !Scientific name !Common name !Family |
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| File:Alternanthera philoxeroides NRCS-1.jpg | alligatorweed | Asteraceae (aster family) |
| File:Alternanthera sessilis in Kadavoor.jpg
| sessile joyweed | Simaroubaceae (quassia-wood family) |
| File:Arundo.donax2web.jpg
| giant reed | Fabaceae (pea family) |
| {{anchor|C1}}
| elephant ears | Fabaceae (pea family) |
| {{anchor|E1}}
| File:Egeria densa iceland.JPG | Brazilian waterweed | Hydrocharitaceae (pickerelweed family) |
| File:Eichhornia azurea6.jpg
| anchored water hyacinth | Brassicaceae (mustard family) |
| File:Eichhornia crassipes C.jpg
| common water hyacinth | Liliaceae (lily family) |
| {{anchor|H1}}
| File:Plant - Hydrilla verticillata - Batu kawa.jpg | hydrilla | Poaceae (grass family) |
| {{anchor|I1}}
| swamp morning-glory | Polygonaceae (knotweed family) |
| {{anchor|L1}}
| File:Lagarosiphon major. Howardian, 1992 (30491279833).jpg | oxygen-weed | Liliaceae (lily family) |
| File:Spicomparison1.jpg
| dotted duckmeat | Poaceae (grass family) |
| File:Limnophila sessiliflora.jpg
| limnophila | Poaceae (grass family) |
| File:Lythrum salicaria - harilik kukesaba.jpg
| purple loosestrife | Poaceae (grass family) |
| {{anchor|M1}}
| File:Myriophyllum aquaticum - side (aka).jpg | parrotfeather milfoil | Poaceae (grass family) |
| File:Cleaned-Illustration Myriophyllum spicatum.jpg
| Eurasian watermilfoil | Moraceae (mulberry family) |
| {{anchor|N1}}
| File:Nymphoides hydrophylla Myanmar.jpg | crested floating heart | Convolvulaceae (morning-glory family) |
| {{anchor|O1}}
| File:Ottelia alismoides - flower view.jpg | duck-lettuce | Asteraceae (aster family) |
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| File:Starr 050902-4373 Panicum repens.jpg | couch panicum | Asteraceae (aster family) |
| File:Phragmites australis - NASA Tracks an Environmental Invader (48049936657).jpg
| common reed | Poaceae (water-milfoil family) |
| File:Pistia stratiotes0.jpg
| water lettuce | Asteraceae (aster family) |
| File:PotamogetonCrispus.jpg
| curly pondweed | Potamogetonaceae (pondweed family) |
| {{anchor|S1}}
| common salvinia | Casuarinaceae (sheoak family) |
| File:Salvinia molesta.jpg
| giant salvinia | Vitaceae (grape family) |
| File:Sesbania stems and leaves.jpg
| rattlebox | Asteraceae (aster family) |
| File:Solanum tampicense.jpg
| aquatic soda apple | Asteraceae (aster family) |
Terrestrial plants
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Aquatic animals
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| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+{{big| Invasive aquatic animals in Texas}} !class=unsortable|Picture !Scientific name !Common name !Class !Order !Family !Type |
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| European eel | Fish |
| {{anchor|C3}}
| Fish |
| File:Northern snakehead.jpg
| northern snakehead | Fish |
| File:Corbicula fluminea.jpg
| Asian clam | Bivalvia | Mollusc |
| File:Ctenopharyngodon idella 01 Pengo.jpg
| grass carp | Fish |
| File:Cyprinodon variegatus (S0103) (12598764423).jpg
| sheapshead minnow | Fish |
| File:Cyprinus carpio.jpeg
| common carp | Fish |
| {{anchor|D3}}
| File:Dreissena polymorpha3.jpg | zebra mussel | Bivalvia | Mollusc |
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| | largespring gambusia | Fish |
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| bighead carp | Fish |
| File:Hypostomus plecostomus - Raphaël Covain.png
| armored catfishes | Fish |
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| File:RedbreastedsunfishtallapoosaRiver.jpg | redbreast sunfish | Fish |
| {{anchor|M3}}
| File:Megabalanus coccopoma.jpg | titan acorn barnacle | Sessilia | Crustacean |
| File:Detailed underwater photo of smallmouth bass fish micropterus dolomieu.jpg
| smallmouth bass | Fish |
| File:Mylopharyngodon piceus.jpg
| black carp | Fish |
| File:Ratao do banhado 1 REFON.jpg
| nutria | Mammalia | Rodentia | Mammal |
| {{anchor|O3}}
| File:Blue Tilapia (cropped).jpg | blue tilapia | Fish |
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| File:CSIRO ScienceImage 2992 The Giant Tiger Prawn.jpg | giant tiger prawn | Decapoda | Crustacean |
| File:Perna perna 002.jpg
| brown mussel | Bivalvia | Mollusc |
| File:Pviridiscolor.PNG
| Asian green mussel | Bivalvia | Mollusc |
| File:Phyllorhiza punctata (White-spotted jellyfish) edit.jpg
| Australian spotted jellyfish | Jellyfish |
| File:Red lionfish near Gilli Banta Island.JPG
| lionfish | Fish |
| | Pterygoplichthys anisitsi
| armored catfish | Fish |
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| File:Salmo trutta Ozeaneum Stralsund HBP 2010-07-02.jpg | brown trout | Fish |
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| naval shipworm | Bivalvia | Myoida | Mollusc |
| File:Tilapia123.JPG
| spotted tilapia | Fish |
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| African clawed frog | Amphibia | Anura | Pipidae | Amphibian |
Terrestrial animals
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Insects
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|+{{big| Invasive insects in Texas}} !class=unsortable|Picture !Scientific name !Common name !Class !Order !Family !Host |
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| File:Tracheal mite - Acarapis woodi.jpg | honeybea tracheal mite | |
| File:Aedes Albopictus.jpg
| Asian tiger mosquito | Insecta | Diptera | None |
| File:Small hive beetle.jpg
| small hive beetle | Insecta | |
| File:Agonoscelis puberula Stål -- African Clusterbug (25095478665).jpg
| African cluster bug | Insecta | Thyme, flax, coffee tree, and the invasive weed, horehound |
| File:Agrilus planipennis 001.jpg
| emerald ash borer | Insecta | Ash trees (Fraxinus) |
| | Agrilus prionurus
| soapberry borer | Insecta | Western soapberry (Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii) |
| File:Anastrepha ludens 1322089.jpg
| Mexican fruit fly | Insecta | Diptera | |
| File:ALBadult.jpg
| Asian longhorned beetle | Insecta | Most hardwood trees |
| File:Apis mellifera subsp scutellata, Phakama, a.jpg
| Africanized honey bee | Insecta | Apidae | |
| | Athysanus argentarius
| silver leafhopper | Insecta | Tall grasses including lawns and hayfields |
| File:Aulacaspis yasumatsui 5194053.jpg
| cycad aulacaspis scale | Insecta | Sago palms |
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| File:BagradaHilaris 3988.JPG | bagrada bug | Insecta | 0 |
| | Balclutha rubrostriata
| red-streaked leafhopper | Insecta | Grasses and sugar cane |
| File:Bemisia argentifolii 1316008.jpg
| silverleaf whitefly | Insecta | |
| File:Shelfordella lateralis nymphs in mud.jpg
| Turkestan cockroach | Insecta | None |
| File:Brachymyrmex patagonicus casent0173480 profile 1.jpg
| rover ant | Insecta | N/A |
| | Brevipalpus californicus
| scarlet mite | |
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| File:Cactoblastis cactorum moth female.jpg | cactus moth | Insecta | Prickly pear cacti of the genus Opuntia |
| | Callidiellum villosulum
| brown fir longhorned beetle | Insecta | Chinese fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica |
| | Centuroides gracilis
| Florida bark scorpion | Buthidae | None |
| File:Adult bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg
| common bed bug | Insecta | The common bedbug doesn't utilize a host plant, it is known for seeking human hosts. |
| | Circulifer tenellus
| beet leafhopper | Insecta | Beets, tomato, chile plants |
| File:Coptotermes formosanus shiraki USGov k8204-7.jpg
| Formosan subterranean termite | Insecta | Isoptera | None |
| | Coridromius chenopoderis
| | Insecta | Miridae | Coridromius chenopoderis has the widest range of host plants from the genus Coridromius. It hosts at least 17 plant species in the Chenopodiaceae (chenopods). Which are flowering plants such as spinach, beets, goosefoot, or mangel-wurzel. |
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| File:Asian Citrus Psyllid adult.jpg | Asian citrus psyllid | Insecta | |
| File:Adult citrus root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus.jpg
| citrus root weevil | Insecta | Most common hosts are: citrus trees, papayas, sweet potatoes, ornamental plants, sugarcane, panicum grasses, peanut, corn, and other plant species. The citrus root weevil is known to feed on over 270 species of plants from 59 different families. |
| File:Camel Cricket, U, Side, PG County 2013-08-23-15.56.40 ZS PMax.jpg
| greenhouse camel cricket | Insecta | None |
| File:Russian wheat aphid.jpg
| Russian wheat aphid | Insecta | Variety of natural grasses. Primarily wheat, barley, and rye. |
| File:DrosophilasuzukiiphotoMcEvey.jpg
| spotted-winged drosophila | Insecta | Diptera | Prunus spp. (mainly sweet cherries, but also on peaches and plums), Vaccinium spp. (blueberries), Rubus spp. (e.g., raspberries and blackberries), Fragaria ananassa (strawberries). Other recorded hosts include: Actinidia spp. (hardy kiwis), Cornus spp., Diospyros kaki (persimmons), Ficus carica (figs), Vitis vinifera (table and wine grapes). D. suzukii can be present in already damaged fruits, e.g., Malus domestica (apples) and Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pears). |
| {{anchor|E5}}
| File:Sage Leafhopper (16252687788).jpg | sage leafhopper | Insecta | Eupteryx melissae are found on many herb species and potted plants such as: lavender, mint, oregano, rosemary, thyme, sage, lemon balm, and Phlomis species. |
| {{anchor|F5}}
| File:F-auricularia M - HngFBK20080915 A023.jpg | European earwig | Insecta | Not specific |
| {{anchor|G5}}
| File:Grapholita molesta dorsal.jpg | Insecta | |
| {{anchor|H5}}
| File:Pentatomidae - Halyomorpha halys-001.JPG | brown marmorated stink bug | Insecta | Many agriculturally-important plants, from apples to soybeans. Also, various ornamental plants are at risk. |
| File:Heteropoda venatoria-Kadavoor-2017-05-22-001.jpg
| huntsman spider | Araneae | |
| {{anchor|L5}}
| File:Brown widow spider Latrodectus geometricus underside.jpg | brown widow | Araneae | None |
| File:Linepithema Argentine ant.jpg
| Argentine ant | Insecta | None |
| File:Adult Lycorma delicatula.jpg
| spotted lanternfly | Insecta | The spotted lanternfly feeds on over 70 known host plants, with 25 identified in Pennsylvania. These include economically important plants, particularly common grape vine (Vitis vinifera), but ranging from apples, other grapes, birch, cherry, lilac, maple, poplar, stone fruits, and the non-native invasive tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), which it appears to prefer. The spotted lanternfly is likely to establish itself where tree-of-heaven is present, as they co-occur in their native regions of Asia. |
| File:Lymantria dispar MHNT.CUT.2012.0.357 Claix (Isère) Female Dos.jpg
| gypsy moth | Insecta | 500 species of trees and shrubs |
| {{anchor|M5}}
| File:Pink hibiscus mealybug.jpg | pink hibiscus mealybug | Insecta | Infects its namesake, Hibiscus, but also citrus, coffee, sugar cane, plums, guava, mango, okra, sorrel, teak, mora, pigeon pea, peanut, grapevine, maize, asparagus, chrysanthemum, beans, cotton, soybean, cocoa, and many other plants. |
| File:Mantid August 2007-2.jpg
| European mantis | Insecta | Mantodea | Mantidae | None |
| File:Hessian Fly.jpg
| Hessian fly | Insecta | Diptera | Wheat (spring and winter) is the preferred host of the Hessian fly. Barley, oats, triticale and rye are generally considered resistant. Wild grasses such as quackgrass, western wheatgrass, rye grasses are also known hosts. |
| File:Megacopta cribraria.jpg
| bean plataspid | Insecta | Soy beans, kudzu, and other leguminous crops |
| | Melanaphis sacchari
| sugarcane aphid | Insecta | |
| File:Monomorium pharaonis casent0173986 profile 1.jpg
| pharaoh ant | Insecta | None |
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| | tawny crazy ant | Insecta | None |
| {{anchor|O5}}
| | black webspinner | Insecta | Lichens and moss |
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| green banana cockroach | Insecta | Panchlora nivea is known to infest banana trees and is not considered an indoor pest. |
| File:Paratrechina longicornis casent0134863 profile 1.jpg
| black crazy ant | Insecta | |
| File:Pectinophora gossypiella 1265079.jpg
| pink bollwork | Insecta | |
| | Perkinsiella saccharicida
| sugarcane planthopper | Insecta | |
| | Phaedon desotonis
| coreopsis leaf beetle | Insecta | |
| File:Phyllocnistis citrella adult1.jpg
| citrus leafminer | Insecta | |
| File:Pieris sp 3.jpg
| small cabbage moth | Insecta | Pieridae | |
| File:Piezodorus guildinii 01.jpg
| red banded stink bug | Insecta | |
| File:Wasp March 2008-3.jpg
| European paper wasp | Insecta | Vespidae | None |
| {{anchor|R5}}
| File:Rhipicephalus sanguineus.jpg | brown dog tick | Ixodida | Ixodidae | Rhipicephalus sanguineus parasitizes dogs and other available mammals depending on the region. |
| File:Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg
| South American palm weevil | Insecta | |
| {{anchor|S5}}
| | southern mole cricket | Insecta | Not specific, omnivorous |
| File:Sd adult spread.jpg
| chilli thrip | Insecta | Scirtothrips dorsalis is a polyphagous species with more than 100 recorded hosts from about 40 families. |
| File:Scolytus schevyrewi UGA 1326205.png
| banded elm bark beetle | Insecta | |
| File:Siphanta acuta 64321638.jpg
| torpedo bug | Insecta | Neoptera | Siphanta acuta is found on: banana, citrus, coffee, guava, macadamia, and many ornamental plants. |
| File:Sirex noctilio male cropped.jpg
| sirex woodwasp | Insecta | Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and loblolly pine (P. taeda). Other known susceptible pines include slash (P. elliottii), shortleaf (P. echinata), ponderosa (P. ponderosa), lodgepole (P. contorta), and jack (P. banksiana). |
| File:Sitona lineatus (Linné, 1758) (10730525876).png
| pea leaf weevil | Insecta | Cultivated peas and other leguminous crops and grasses |
| File:Fire ants 01.jpg
| red imported fire ant | Insecta | None |
| | Sophonia orientalis
| two-spotted leafhopper | Insecta | |
| | Spartocera batatas
| giant sweetpotato bug | Insecta | Coreidae | Sweet potato, eggplant, tomato, potato, and avocado |
| {{anchor|T5}}
| File:Tapinoma.melanocephalum.group.feeding.on.apple.jpg | ghost ant | Insecta | None |
| {{anchor|V5}}
| File:Vorroa Mite on pupa.JPG | varroa mite | |
| File:Japanese Burrowing Cricket, U, Side, Upper Marlboro 2013-08-02-15.06.24 ZS PMaxj.jpg
| Japanese burrowing cricket | Insecta | |
| {{anchor|X5}}
| File:Xanthogaleruca luteola MHNT Dos.jpg | elm leaf beetle | Insecta | |
| File:Xyleborus glabratus lateral view.jpg
| redbay ambrosia beetle | Insecta | In the southeastern United States, the reported hosts of the redbay ambrosia beetle/laurel wilt pathogen have included the red bay (Persea borbonia), silk bay (P. borbonia var. humbles), swamp bay (P. palustris), sassafras (Sassafras album), and avocado (P. americana). The laurel wilt pathogen has also been recovered in the southeastern United States from diseased plants of pond berry (Lindera melissifolia), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), and pond spice (Litsea aestivates) trees. |
| File:Xylosandrus crassiusculus galleryR.jpg
| granulate ambrosia beetle | Insecta | |
| {{anchor|Z5}}
| File:Zaprionus indianus cropped.jpg | African fig fly | Insecta | Diptera | |
Pathogens
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|+{{big|Invasive pathogens in Texas}} !class=unsortable|Picture !Scientific name !Common name !Class !Order !Family !Type |
| {{anchor|A6}}
| File:Anguillicola crassus.jpg | eel swimbladder nematode | Parasite |
| {{anchor|B6}}
| File:Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.jpg | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis | chytrid frog fungus | | Fungi |
| | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi
| Asian tapeworm | Parasite |
| {{anchor|C6}}
| | huanglongbing | | Bacteria |
| File:Oak wilt symptoms.jpg
| oak wilt | Fungi |
| File:CTV Leaf Chlorosis.jpg
| citrus tristeza virus (CTV) | Virus |
| {{anchor|D6}}
| File:Ditylenchus dipsaci on Ribwort Plantain Plantago lanceolata (24874581677).jpg | alfalfa stem and root nematode | Parasite |
| {{anchor|H6}}
| File:Soybean cyst nematode and egg SEM.jpg | soybean cyst nematode | Parasite |
| {{anchor|N6}}
| | viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) | Virus |
| {{anchor|O6}}
| Dutch elm disease | Fungi |
| {{anchor|P6}}
| File:Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1.jpg | soybean rust | Fungi |
| File:Phytophthora Blight on Pumpkin.jpg
| blight of peppers | Fungi |
| File:Little Brown Bat with White Nose Syndrome (Greeley Mine, cropped).jpg
| Pseudogymnoascus destructans | white nose syndrome | Fungi |
| {{anchor|R6}}
| | laurel wilt | Fungi |
| {{anchor|T6}}
| karnal bunt | Fungi |
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{cite journal |vauthors=Mayfield AE, Pena JE, Crane JH, Smith JA, Branch CL, Ottoson ED, Hughes M
|date=2008 |title=Ability of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Bore into Young Avocado (Lauraceae) Plants and Transmit the Laurel Wilt Pathogen (Raffaelea sp.)
|journal=The Florida Entomologist |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=485–487 |doi= 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)91[485:AOTRAB]2.0.CO;2|jstor=25434851 |doi-access=free }}
}}
External links
- [https://www.texasinvasives.org/ Texas Invasives]
- [http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/ Texas Invasive Species Institute]
- [https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/foresthealth/invasivespecies/ Texas A&M Forest Service]
- [https://tpwd.texas.gov/landwater/water/aquatic-invasives/ Texas Parks and Wildlife]
- [http://southernforesthealth.net/ Southern Regional Extension Forestry]
- [https://www.playcleango.org/help-stop-invasive-species-with-playcleango PlayCleanGo]
- [https://texasoakwilt.org/ Texas Oak Wilt]
- [https://www.dontmovefirewood.org/ Don't Move Firewood]