List of railway electrification systems#750 V DC
{{Short description|A list of the different systems used on electric railways}}
This is a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for railway electrification.
Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation.
{{as of|2023}} many trams and trains use on-board solid-state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC traction motors.
Tram electrification systems are listed here.
Key to the tables below
- Volts: voltage or volt
- Current:
- DC = direct current
- # Hz = frequency in hertz (alternating current (AC))
- AC supplies are usually single-phase (1φ) except where marked three-phase (3φ).
- Conductors:
- overhead line or
- conductor rail, usually a third rail to one side of the running rails. Conductor rail can be:
- top contact: oldest, least safe, most affected by ice, snow, rain and leaves. Protection boards are installed on most top contact systems, which increases safety and reduces these affections.
- side contact: newer, safer, less affected by ice, snow, rain and leaves
- bottom contact: newest, safest, least affected by ice, snow, rain and leaves
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Systems using standard voltages
{{see also|Railway electrification system#Voltage|List of tram systems by gauge and electrification}}
Voltages are defined by two standards: BS EN 50163{{sfnp|BS EN 50163|2007}} and IEC 60850.{{sfnp|IEC 60850|2007}}
=Overhead systems=
==600 V DC==
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | |
---|---|
colspan="2" | {{center|Worldwide}}
| Many tram systems | This voltage is mostly used by older tram systems worldwide but by a few modern ones as well. See List of tram systems by gauge and electrification. | |
Germany | |
Hungary
| Budapest | Line M1 | |
rowspan="5" | Japan | |
Kyoto, Kyoto | |
Kanagawa | |
Matsuyama, Ehime | |
Shizuoka, Shizuoka | |
Romania
| Sibiu-Rășinari Narrow Gauge Railway | Part of the former Sibiu tram line | |
Spain
| Madrid | Lines 1, 4, 5, 6 and 9. In process to be converted to 1500 V | |
United Kingdom
| Crich, England | | |
rowspan="4" | United States
| Boston | Green and Mattapan Lines, the at-grade section of Blue Line northeast of Airport station | |
Cleveland
| Red Line | |
San Diego
| | |
Iowa |
==750 V DC==
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | |
---|---|
colspan="2" | {{center|Worldwide}}
| Many tram systems | This voltage is used for most modern tram and light rail systems. See List of tram systems by gauge and electrification | |
Austria
| Local lines of Stern & Hafferl | Also listed as having 1500 V and 600 V lines | |
Austria Switzerland | Rhine / Lake Constance | Internationale Rheinregulierungsbahn | Construction railway for the regulation works of the river Rhine near its outfall into Lake Constance, now preserved. The river forms the border between Austria and Switzerland, and the railway operated in both countries. | |
Germany
| Karlsruhe to Bad Herrenalb with a branch to Ittersbach | Railway of the Upper Rhine | |
Hong Kong
| MTR | |
rowspan = "4"| India | |
Pune
| Pune Metro Line 3 | |
Kolkata | |
Ahmedabad | |
rowspan="5" | Japan | |
Hakone, Kanagawa
| Between Hakone-Yumoto and Gōra | |
Ehime | |
Yokkaichi, Mie | |
Mie | |
Mexico
| STC | Line A | |
rowspan="2" | Netherlands
| The Hague, Zoetermeer, Rotterdam and adjacent cities | |
Rotterdam
| North of Capelsebrug station overhead wires | |
rowspan= "2" |Philippines
| rowspan= "2" |Metro Manila | Manila LRT Line 1 (Manila Light Rail Transit System) | Between Dr. Santos and Fernando Poe Jr. | |
Manila MRT Line 3 (Manila Metro Rail Transit System)
| Between North Avenue and Taft Avenue | |
Switzerland | |
Republic of China (Taiwan)
| New Taipei Metro: all Light Rail lines | |
rowspan="3" | Turkey
| Adana | |
Eskişehir
| | |
Istanbul | |
United Kingdom
|All lines |
==1,200 V DC==
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | |
---|---|
Cuba
| Havana – Matanzas and branches | Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba | Originally (and still known as) the Hershey Electric Railway | |
Germany
| Lusatia | | {{RailGauge|900 mm}} gauge mining railways in the lignite district |
rowspan="2" | Spain
| Uses an overhead conductor rail/beam system | |
Palma – Sóller, Majorca | |
rowspan="5" | Switzerland
| Canton of Bern / canton of Solothurn | {{sfnp|Schweers+Wall|2012|p=11}}{{sfnp|Schweers+Wall|2012|p=19}} | |
Dietikon, canton of Zürich – Wohlen, canton of Aargau | |
Zürich – Esslingen, canton of Zürich
| Forchbahn proper only; Forchbahn trains access their Zürich terminus via the Zürich tram network, which is electrified at 600 V DC. The rolling stock is equipped to run off both voltages. | |
Frauenfeld, canton of Thurgau – Wil, canton of St. Gallen | |
Meiringen – Innertkirchen, canton of Bern | |
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|rowspan=5| United States | Baltimore–Annapolis, Maryland | Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad | 1914–1950 | |
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| Los Angeles – Inland Empire, California | Pacific Electric Upland–San Bernardino | Operated 1914–1950. 600 V in city limits | |
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| Operated 1910–1936. Converted to 1,500 V. The southern division was built by the Oakland, Antioch and Eastern Railway. | |
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| 1911–1941 | |
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| Oregon | 1912–1945 |
{{Incomplete list|date=January 2015}}
==1,500 V DC==
==3 kV DC==
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Note | |
---|---|
id="be3"
| Belgium | colspan="2"| Belgium National Railways (SNCB) | National standard. 25 kV AC used on high speed lines and some lines in the south (see below). | |
rowspan="2"| Brazil | |
São Paulo | |
Chile
| colspan="2"| Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado | |
id="cz3"
| colspan="2" | Správa železnic | Northern part of network only (approx. the Děčín – Praha – Ostrava route). The system change stations are Kadaň-Prunéřov, Beroun, Benešov u Prahy, Kutná Hora hl.n., Svitavy, Nezamyslice, Nedakonice. The southern part uses 25 kV 50 Hz (see below). | |
Estonia
| Tallinn | Elron | Commuter rail only | |
Georgia
| colspan="2" | Georgian Railways | In fact 3,300 V | |
id="it3"
| Italy | colspan="2" | Rete Ferroviaria Italiana | 25 kV AC used on new high speed lines (see below) | |
North Korea
| colspan="2" | Korean State Railway | National standard | |
Latvia
| colspan="2" | Latvian Railways | Commuter rail only. | |
Morocco
| colspan="2" | ONCF | National standard | |
Netherlands
| colspan="2" | ProRail | Planned | |
rowspan="2" | Poland
| colspan="2" | Polish State Railways | National standard. Planned high speed lines in Poland will use 25 kV AC{{cite web |author=Michał Szymajda |title=Szybka linia kolejowa "Y" przez CPK ma być gotowa do 2030 roku |trans-title=High-speed 'Y' railway line through CPK should be completed by 2030 |url=https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/szybka-linia-kolejowa-34y34-przez-cpk-ma-byc-gotowa-do-2030-roku-7669.html |access-date=5 February 2020 |work=Rynek Lotniczy |date=17 January 2020 |language=pl}} | |
Warsaw and suburbs
| 600 V DC until 27 May 2016 | |
id="ru3"
| Russia | colspan="2" | Russian Railways | New electrification use only 25 kV AC (see below), except Moscow Central Circle and other interconnection lines in Moscow, and 2 interconnection lines (Veymarn line and Kamennogorsk line) in St. Petersburg. Sverdlovsk railway and West Siberian railway to be converted to 25 kV AC. | |
id="sk3"
| Slovakia | colspan="2" | Slovak Republic Railways (ŽSR) | Northern main line (connected to Czech Republic and Poland) and eastern lines (around Košice and Prešov), conversion to 25 kV AC planned,{{r|Czechia3kVto25kV}} and the broad gauge line between Košice and the Ukraine border (it will remain 3 kV until new broad gauge line construction, then convert to 25 kV AC), planned new broad gauge line is supposed to use 25 kV AC. Currently, the part north and east of the station Púchov uses 3 kV DC, the rest uses 25 kV 50 Hz (see below). | |
Slovenia
| colspan="2" | Slovenian Railways | National standard | |
id="za3"
| colspan="2" | Transnet Freight Rail; Metrorail | National standard; also 25 kV AC (see below) and 50 kV AC used | |
id="es3"
| Spain | colspan="2" | Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias | |
id="ua3"
| Ukraine | colspan="2" | Ukrainian Railways | In east (Donetsk industrial zone), in west (west from L'viv – connecting to Slovakia and Poland), to be converted to 25 kV ACRailway Gazette International April 2008, p 240 (see below) |
=={{nowrap|15 kV}} AC, {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz / {{nowrap|16.7 Hz}}==
{{Main|15 kV AC railway electrification}}
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | |
---|---|
Austria
| colspan="2" | ÖBB | National standard. Planned new high speed lines will near the border use 25 kV AC: Innsbruck-Italy and broad gauge to Ukraine. Austrian National Railways also operate in the small country of Liechtenstein, which also uses 15 kV AC. | |
Czech Republic
| Isolated section near border with Austria | |
Germany
| colspan="2" | Deutsche Bahn - German National Railways (DB) | rowspan="3" | National standard | |
Norway
| colspan="2" | Norwegian National Rail Administration | |
Sweden
| colspan="2" | Swedish Transport Administration | |
rowspan="5" | Switzerland
| BLS | |
Central Switzerland and Bernese Highlands | |
Canton of Vaud | |
Canton of Zürich | |
colspan="2" | Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) |
=={{nowrap|25 kV}} AC, {{nowrap|50 Hz}}==
{{Main|25 kV AC railway electrification}}
=={{nowrap|25 kV}} AC, {{nowrap|60 Hz}}==
{{Main|25 kV AC railway electrification}}
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style="width:20%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | |
---|---|
id="jp25-60"
| Japan | Kantō (west of Tokyo), Chūbu, Kansai, Chūgoku, and Kyushu regions | Tōkaidō-Sanyō Shinkansen | 25 kV AC 50 Hz in eastern Japan (see above) | |
id="kr25-60"
| rowspan="3" | South Korea | colspan="2" | Korail | All Korail freight/passenger lines except Seoul subway Line 3 which is 1.5 kV DC (see above) | |
Seoul | |
Incheon, Seoul
| A'REX | |
rowspan="3" | Mexico
| Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México | |
Mexico Valley, Toluca Valley
| First section operating on 2023. Rest expected mid of 2024 | |
Yucatán Peninsula
| Under construction. About 40% of the route to be electrified {{cite web| url=https://www.trenmaya.gob.mx/electrificacion/| title=Proyecto Tren Maya: Electrificación| quote=| language=es| access-date=24 May 2011| publisher=Fonatur| location=Mexico }} | |
Saudi Arabia
| | |
rowspan="2" | Republic of China (Taiwan)
| colspan="2" | Taiwan Railways Administration | National standard | |
Western Taiwan | |
rowspan="9" | United States
| Morris & Essex Lines, New Jersey Transit | Converted from {{nowrap|3,000 V DC}} to {{nowrap|25 kV 60 Hz}} in 1984. | |
Aberdeen-Matawan to Long Branch, New Jersey
| North Jersey Coast Line, New Jersey Transit | Converted in 1978 from Pennsylvania Railroad {{nowrap|11 kV 25 Hz}} system to the {{nowrap|12.5 kV 25 Hz}} on the Rahway-Matawan ROW and {{nowrap|12.5 kV 60 Hz}} electrification extended to Long Branch in 1988. The Matawan-Long Branch voltage converted from {{nowrap|12.5 kV 60 Hz}} system to the {{nowrap|25 kV 60 Hz}} in 2002. | |
New Haven to Boston
| Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | Electrified in 2000; see Amtrak's 60 Hz traction power system | |
Denver
| Opened in 2016; separate 750 V DC system for light rail | |
Rancho Cucamonga to Las Vegas
| Under construction, expected to be operational by 2027–28. | |
California
| Under construction between Merced and Bakersfield, set to begin operation in 2029–30. | |
San Francisco Peninsula
| Caltrain | Completed in 2024; see Caltrain Modernization Program | |
New Mexico | |
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| Texas | Monticello & Martin Lake lines, Texas Utilities | De-electrified{{cite magazine |last=Harwell |first=Jeffrey A. |date=February 2012 |title=From Electric to Diesel |url= |magazine=Trains |volume=72 |issue=2 |pp=50–51 |via=ProQuest}} around 2011 |
= Conductor rail systems =
==600 V DC conductor==
All systems are third rail unless stated otherwise. Used by some older metros.
class="wikitable sortable" border="0" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:18%" | Country
! style="width:15%" | Location ! style="width:22%" | Name of system ! style="width:30%" class="unsortable" | Notes | |
---|---|
Argentina
| Buenos Aires | Federico Lacroze-General Lemos | |
Canada
| Toronto | Only on subway lines | |
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| Greece | Athens | EIS/ISAP | used between 1904 and 1985 | |
Italy
| Turin | |
rowspan="2" | Japan
| Tokyo | |
Nagoya, Aichi | |
Sweden
| Stockholm | 650 V, Green and Red Lines | |
United Kingdom
| Glasgow | |
rowspan="8" |United States
|Anaheim, California | | |
Boston
| Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority | Red and Orange Lines, the subway part of the Blue Line southwest of Airport station | |
Chicago
| elevated and subway lines | |
Staten Island | |
New York City metro area
| PATH | |
Philadelphia
| SEPTA Metro - B | | |
Bay Lake, Florida | |
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| Used 1906–{{circa|1960s}}. The Northern subdivision was built by the Northern Electric Railway and operated with overhead wires in towns. |
==750 V DC conductor==
Conductor rail systems have been separated into tables based on whether they are top, side or bottom contact. Used by most metros outside Asia and the former Eastern bloc.
===Bottom contact===
=== Side contact ===
class="wikitable" style=width:100% | ||
style="width:21%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:34%" | Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Canada
| Montreal | Montreal Metro
| (guide bars, see DC, four-rail below) | |
China
| Shanghai | Shanghai Metro – Pujiang line
| Central guide rail for rubber-tyred Bombardier Innovia APM 300 | |
Chile
| Santiago | Santiago Metro | |
rowspan="6" | France
| Paris | Paris Métro (Rubber tired)
| rowspan="6" | Positive (and sometimes negative) polarity on guide bars. See DC, four-rail below. | |
Lyon | Lyon Métro | |
Marseille | Marseille Métro | |
Lille | Lille Métro | |
Rennes | Rennes Métro | |
Toulouse | Toulouse Métro | |
Hong Kong
| Hong Kong International Airport | Mitsubishi "Crystal Mover" system using two power rails (positive and negative) with side collection. | ||
rowspan="3" | Indonesia
| Palembang Light Rail Transit | rowspan="3" | Palembang Light Rail Transit and Greater Jakarta Light Rail Transit are operated by Kereta Api Indonesia. Jakarta Light Rail Transit is operated by Jakarta Propertindo (Jakpro). | ||
rowspan="2" | Jakarta | ||
Greater Jakarta Light Rail Transit | ||
Japan | ||
rowspan="2" | Singapore
| Sengkang and Punggol lines operated by SBS Transit | ||
Singapore
| Sentosa Express operated by SDC | ||
Malaysia
| Klang Valley Integrated Transit System LRT Kelana Jaya line | Innovia Metro system using two power rails (positive and negative) with side collection. | ||
United States |
=== Top contact ===
class="wikitable" style=width:100% | ||
style="width:21%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:34%" | Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Canada | Vancouver SkyTrain
| Canada Line only | |
rowspan="2" | China
| Beijing | Beijing Subway
| Capital Airport Line use bottom contact | |
Tianjin | Tianjin Metro
| Line 1 only | |
France
| Paris | Paris Métro (Conventional metro) | |
Germany
| Berlin | Berlin U-Bahn
| Lines from U1 to U4 (small profile) | |
Greece
| Athens | Athens Metro
| Line 1 was 600 V before 1985. | |
Hungary
| Budapest | Budapest Metro
| Except line M1, which is 600 V DC with overhead lines. | |
India
| Kolkata | Kolkata Metro | |
rowspan="4" | Japan | Osaka Metro
| Except the Sakaisuji Line, Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line, and the Imazatosuji Line, which are 1,500 V DC with overhead lines. | |
Suita, Osaka Toyonaka, Osaka | ||
Higashiosaka, Osaka Ikoma, Nara Nara, Nara | ||
Yokohama, Kanagawa
| Blue Line (Line 1 and Line 3) only | ||
North Korea
| based on fleet of cars from Beijing and Germany | ||
South Korea
| Yongin | Everline | |
Portugal
| Lisbon | Lisbon Metro | |
Sweden | Stockholm Metro
| Nominal voltage 650 V, subway 3 (blue line) 750 V. Subway 1 and 2 will change in the long term to 750 V. | |
rowspan="5" | United Kingdom | Merseyrail | |
London | Northern City Line
| access to City (Moorgate) | |
London
| Suburban electrification of the LNWR Suburban Network | formerly four-rail out of Euston and Broad Street, curtailed, upgraded and standardised | ||
Southern England
| Southern Region of British Railways and successors | 660 V system upgraded and expanded | ||
London
| Upgraded by British Rail to 750V prior to sale to London Underground | ||
rowspan="9" | United States
| Atlanta | MARTA | |
Los Angeles | Los Angeles Metro Rail | |
Miami | Metrorail | |
New York City and Long Island East River Tunnels shared with Amtrak | Central, Greenport, and Oyster Bay branches not electrified; Montauk Branch not electrified east of Babylon; Port Jefferson Branch not electrified east of Huntington | ||
Philadelphia | PATCO Speedline | |
Puerto Rico | Tren Urbano | |
Washington, D.C. | Washington Metro | |
within the Hudson and East River Tunnels as well as under Manhattan Northeast Corridor | Amtrak | ||
within the Hudson Tunnel into Manhattan |
=== Mixed ===
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | ||||
Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
See note | China
| Tianjin | Tianjin Metro
| Top contact in Line 1, bottom contact in Lines 2 and 3 |
==1,200 V DC conductor==
All systems are third rail and side contact unless stated otherwise.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |
style="width:21%" | Country
! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:25%" | Name of system ! style="width:34%" | Notes |
---|
Germany
| Hamburg | {{15 kV AC}} with overhead line in part of network. |
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| Converted to 750 V DC overhead in 1991 for operation by the Manchester Metrolink light rail system |
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| Central California Traction Company | 1908–1946, bottom contact{{Hilton-Interurban|pp=57–58}} |
==1,500 V DC conductor==
All systems are third rail unless stated otherwise.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | ||||
Type | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
rowspan="2" | Bottom contact
| rowspan="3" | France | Paris | Currently under construction | ||||
Toulouse
| {{Interlanguage link|Line C (Toulouse Metro)|fr|Ligne C du métro de Toulouse}} | Currently under construction | ||||
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| Side contact | Chambéry – Modane | used between 1925 and 1976, today overhead wire | ||||
rowspan="8" | Bottom contact
| rowspan="8" | China | Beijing | Beijing Subway
| Line 7 only | |||
Guangzhou | Guangzhou Metro
| Lines 4, 5, 6, 14 and 21 only. Overhead wires in depots; all trains are equipped with pantographs | |||
Kunming | Kunming Metro
| Line 4 only | |||
Qingdao | Qingdao Metro
| | |||
Shanghai | Shanghai Metro
| Lines 16 and 17 only. Overhead wires in depot of Line 16, all trains on Line 16 have pantographs for depot use. | |||
Shenzhen | Shenzhen Metro
| Lines 3 and 6 only. Overhead wires in depot of Line 6, all trains on Line 6 have pantographs for depot use. | |||
Wuhan | Wuhan Metro
| Lines 7, 8, 11 and Yangluo Line only | |||
Wuxi | Wuxi Metro |
Systems using non-standard voltages
=Overhead systems=
==DC voltage==
class="wikitable" | ||
style="width:5%" | Voltage
! style="width:10%" | Country ! style="width:20%" | Location ! style="width:30%" | Name of system ! style="width:35%" | Notes | ||
---|---|---|
120 | United Kingdom
| Seaton, Devon | Half scale trams. Operated 1969-now. Substations have battery banks for back up. | |
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| 250 | United States
| Chicago | operated 1906–1959 | |
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| 370 | United States | |
525 | Switzerland
| Lauterbrunnen | |
rowspan="9" | 550 | ||
rowspan="2" |Isle of Man
| rowspan="2" |Isle of Man | | ||
Snaefell Mountain Railway
|The third rail is for the Fell Brake and doesn't carry any power | ||
India
| Kolkata | | ||
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| rowspan="5" | United States | Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway | operated 1888–1942 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| operated 1903–1939 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| Monterey and Pacific Grove Railway | operated 1905–1923 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| operated 1888–1948{{Cite book |title=McGraw Electric Railway List August, 1918 |publisher=Trade Investigation and Directory Department of the Electric Railway Journal|year=1918}} | ||
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| Reno Traction Company | operated 1904–1927, see Streetcars in Reno | ||
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| 575 | Birmingham Railway, Light and Power Company | {{sfn|McGraw-Hill|1920|p=5}} | ||
rowspan="4" | 650
| rowspan="3" | United States | Buffalo Metro Rail | |
El Paso, Texas | El Paso Streetcar | |
Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Light Rail | |
Switzerland
| Basel | Basel Trams (BVB/BLT) | |
660 | Poland | |
700 | Switzerland
| Bex – Col de Bretaye, Vaud | |
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| 730 | United States
| Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company | purchased by Philadelphia and Western Railroad in 1953 and converted to 600 VDC{{cite book |last1=Hilton |first1=George Woodman |last2=Due |first2=John Fitzgerald |title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America |date=2000 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=9780804740142 |page=299}} | |
style="background:#fee"
| 800 | Poland
| Tricity | Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) | Operated 1951–1976. Converted to 3,000 V DC in 1976. | |
825 | United States
| Light rail sections west of NE 9th Avenue & Holladay Street utilize a 750 V system | |
850 | rowspan="4" | Switzerland
| Capolago – Monte Generoso, Ticino | |
rowspan="3" | 900 | Fribourg | |
rowspan="2" | Vaud | ||
Vevey–Les Pléiades | ||
rowspan="2" | 1,000
| St Moritz, canton of Graubünden – Tirano, Lombardy | Bernina line only; remainder of system electrified at 11 kV AC, 16 2⁄3 Hz. The Bernina line is an international line linking Switzerland (St. Moritz) with Italy (Tirano) | ||
Hungary
| Budapest | ||
1,100 | Argentina
| Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneos de Buenos Aires) | Only Line A (converted to 1,500 V DC with La Brugeoise trains replaced by new rolling stock in 2013) | |
1,250 | Switzerland
| Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn (RBS) | All lines except tram line 6 between Bern and Worb, which is electrified at 600 V DC{{sfnp|Schweers+Wall|2012|p=66}} | |
rowspan="2" | 1,350
| Domodossola, Piedmont – Locarno, canton of Ticino | Domodossola–Locarno railway line (FART / {{ill|Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie|de|Società subalpina di imprese ferroviarie|lt=SSIF}}) | International railway between Italy (Domodossola) and Switzerland (Locarno) | ||
Switzerland | ||
rowspan="2" | 1,650
| Denmark | Suburban rail network in Copenhagen | ||
Italy
| Rome | Isolated Italian metre gauge line. | ||
rowspan="5" | 2,400
| Germany | Lausitzer | | work line of the Lausitzer Braunkohle coal company | |
rowspan="2" | Poland
| Konin | Konin Coal Mine{{Cite web|url= http://www.locomotives.com.pl/Electric%20Locomotives/EL2.htm |title=EL2}} | | ||
style="background:#fee"
| Turek | mine closed in February 2021, the railway will be dismantled{{cite web |title=Na odkrywce Adamów wydobyto ostatnią tonę węgla. Kopalnia zakończyła definitywnie działalność. |url=https://www.turek.net.pl/miasto/30397-na-odkrywce-adamow-wydobyto-ostatnia-tone-wegla-kopalnia-zakonczyla-definitywnie |website=Turek.net.pl |language=pl |trans-title=Last tonne of coal from Adamów pit. Mine definitely closed. |date=19 February 2021}} | ||
France
| Grenoble | −1,200 V, +1,200 V two wire system from 1903 to 1950. 2,400 V since 1950.{{cite web|url= http://www.railfaneurope.net/lamure/english/pres.html|title=ERS – Presentation, La Mure|website= www.railfaneurope.net|access-date=10 April 2018}} | ||
style="background:#fee"
| Montana | Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway | electrified 1913–1967, dismantled in favor of diesel power | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 3,500 | Manchester | operated 1913–1918 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 6,000 | Russia | | experiments in the late 1970s (3,000 V DC lines) |
==AC voltage==
class="wikitable" | |||
style="width:5%" | Voltage
! style="width:5%" | Frequency ! style="width:10%"| Country ! style="width:20%"| Location ! style="width:30%"| Name of system ! style="width:30%"| Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 3,300 | 15 Hz
| 1904–1992 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 25 Hz | Napa and Solano Counties, California | San Francisco, Napa and Calistoga Railway | 1905–1937 | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 5,500 | {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz
| Germany | Murnau | 1905–1955, after 1955 15 kV, 16.7 Hz | ||
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 6,250 | rowspan="2" | 50 Hz
| Great Eastern suburban lines | Great Eastern suburban lines from Liverpool Street London, 1950s–c1980 (converted to 25 kV) | ||
style="background:#fee"
| Glasgow | Glasgow suburban lines | Sections of the North Clyde Line and Cathcart Circle Line from 1960-1970s | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 6,300 | 25 Hz
| Germany | Hamburg | Hamburg S-Bahn
| Operated with AC 1907–1955. Used both AC and DC (1,200 V 3rd rail) 1940–1955. | |
6,500 | rowspan="2" | 25 Hz
| Austria | Mariazellerbahn | |
6,600 | Norway
| Orkland | ||
6,600 | 50 Hz
| Germany | Hambachbahn and Nord-Süd-Bahn | transports lignite from open-pit mines to powerplants. Owned by RWE. | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 6,600 | | United States
| Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend Railway | 1908–1925 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 6,700 | rowspan="2" | 25 Hz
| rowspan="2" | United Kingdom | 1908–1951 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| London Victoria to London Bridge | 1909–1928 | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 8 kV | rowspan="2" | 25 Hz
| Germany | Alb Valley Railway
| 1911–1966, today using 750 V DC | |
style="background:#fee"
| 10 kV | from 1908, in 1926 converted to 1,500 DC, In 2006 replaced by 750 V DC light rail | |||
rowspan="3" | 10 kV | rowspan="3" | 50 Hz
| Russia | rowspan="3" | industrial railways at quarries | rowspan="3" | operated from 1950s at coal and ore quarries | ||
Ukraine | |||
Kazakhstan
| some private industrial railways in Kazakhstan | |||
rowspan="3" | 11 kV | rowspan="2" | {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz
| rowspan="2" | Switzerland | Rhätische Bahn (RhB)
| Except the Bernina line, which is electrified at 1,000 V DC | |
Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB)
| formerly Furka Oberalp Bahn (FO) and BVZ Zermatt-Bahn | |||
50 Hz
| France | |||
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="3" | 11 kV | rowspan="3" | 25 Hz | | Pennsylvania Railroad Etc., | All lines now {{nowrap|12 kV 25 Hz}} or {{nowrap|12.5 kV 60 Hz}} | |
style="background:#fee"
| Converted from three-phase {{nowrap|6600 V 25 Hz}} in 1927, dismantled 1956 | |||
style="background:#fee"
| Colorado | Denver and Intermountain Railroad | dismantled {{circa|1953}}{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/weekly_features/2012/den-imt-rr_interurbanno25.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=22 September 2020}} | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 12 kV | {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz
| France | lines in Pyrenees | most converted to 1,500 V 1922–23; Villefranche-Perpignan diesel 1971, then 1,500 V 1984 | ||
rowspan="3" | 12 kV | rowspan="3" | 25 Hz
| rowspan="3" | United States | Washington, DC – New York City | Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | 11 kV until 1978 | ||
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Philadelphia
| 11 kV until 1978 | |||
Philadelphia
| SEPTA | Regional Rail system only; 11 kV until 1978 | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 12 kV | 25 Hz
| Rahway to Aberdeen-Matawan, New Jersey | North Jersey Coast Line, New Jersey Transit | 1978–2002 (11 kV until 1978). Converted to {{nowrap|25 kV 60 Hz}} | ||
12.5 kV | 60 Hz
| New Haven Line, Metro-North Railroad, Amtrak | 11 kV until 1985 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 16 kV | rowspan="3" | 50 Hz
| Hungary | Budapest–Hegyeshalom railway | Budapest to Hegyeshalom | Kandó system 1931–1972, converted to {{nowrap|25 kV 50 Hz}} | ||
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 20 kV | Germany | Freiburg | Operated 1933–1960. Converted to 15 kV {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz. | |||
style="background:#fee"
| France | Aix-les-Bains – La Roche-sur-Foron | Société Nationale des Chemins de fer (SNCF) | Operated 1950–1953. Converted to 25 kV 50 Hz. | |||
rowspan="2" | 20 kV | 50 Hz
| rowspan="2" | Japan | most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Hokkaidō and Tōhoku | JR East, JR Hokkaidō, and others | ||
60 Hz
| most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Kyūshū and Hokuriku region | JR Kyūshū and others | |||
rowspan="4" | 50 kV | 50 Hz | Sishen–Saldanha railway line
| opened in 1976 and hauls iron ore | |
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 60 Hz | Canada | Tumbler Ridge Subdivision of BC Rail (Now Canadian National Railway) | Opened in 1983 to serve a coal mine in the northern Rocky Mountains. No longer in use. | |||
style="background:#fee"
| Arizona | Black Mesa and Lake Powell Railroad
| First line to use 50 kV electrification when it opened in 1973. This was an isolated coal-hauling short line; no longer in use. | ||
60 Hz
| Utah | Deseret Power Railroad
| Formerly Deseret Western Railway. This is an isolated coal-hauling short line. |
==Three-phase AC voltage==
{{main|Three-phase AC railway electrification}}
=== Two wires ===
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |||
style="width:5%" | Voltage
! style="width:5%" | Current ! style="width:10%"| Country ! style="width:20%"| Location ! style="width:30%"| Name of system ! style="width:30%"| Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|
725 | 50 Hz, 3φ
| rowspan="2" | Switzerland | Zermatt – Gornergrat, canton of Valais | | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 750 | 40 Hz, 3φ
| Burgdorf-Thun Bahn{{anchor|Burgdorf-Thun Bahn}} | Operated 1899–1933 | ||
900 | 60 Hz, 3φ
| Brazil | ||
1125 | 50 Hz, 3φ | ||
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 3600 | 15 Hz, 3φ
| Italy | Valtellina Electrification | 1902–1917 | ||
50 Hz, 3φ
| France | Saint-Jean-de-Luz to Larrun | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 3600 | 16 Hz, 3φ | | 1906–1930 | |
style="background:#fee"
| rowspan="2" | 3600 | rowspan="2" | {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz, 3φ
| rowspan="2" | Italy | | operated 1912–1976 in Upper Italy (more info needed) | |
style="background:#fee"
| FS | 1927–1935 | |||
style="background:#fee"
| 3600 | {{frac|16|2|3}} Hz, 3φ
| Italy | Trento/Trient to Brenner | 1929–1965 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 5200 | 25 Hz, 3φ
| Spain | 1911–1966? | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 6600 | 25 Hz, 3φ
| Great Northern Railway (U.S.) | 1909–1929 | ||
style="background:#fee"
| 10 kV | 45 Hz, 3φ
| Italy | FS |
=== Three wires ===
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |
style="width:5%" | Voltage
! style="width:10%" | Current ! style="width:10%"| Country ! style="width:20%"| Location ! style="width:20%"| Name of system ! style="width:30%"| Notes | |
---|---|
style="background:#fee"
| 3000 V | rowspan="2" | 50 Hz | rowspan="3" | Germany | Kierberg | Zahnradbahn Tagebau Gruhlwerk | rack railway (0.7 km) | |
style="background:#fee"
| 10000 V | | test track (1.8 km); | |
style="background:#fee"
| 14 kV | 38 Hz – 48 Hz | Zossen – Marienfelde | | test track (23.4 km); trial runs 1901–1904 variable voltage between 10 kV and 14 kV and frequency between 38 Hz and 48 Hz. |
50 Hz
| Russia | Ship elevator of Krasnoyarsk Reservoir | | length: 1.5 km, 9000 mm gauge |
=Conductor rail systems (DC voltage)=
Conductor rail systems have been separated into tables based on whether they are top, side or bottom contact.
== Top contact systems ==
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |||
style width=5% | Voltage
! style width=7% | Type ! style width=12% | Country ! style width=12% | Location ! style width=16% | Name of system ! style width=48% | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|
50 | See notes
| rowspan="4" | United Kingdom | rowspan="3" | Brighton | rowspan="3" | Volk's Electric Railway
| Volk's Railway prior to 1884 | |
110 | rowspan="2" | third rail
| Claims to be the world's oldest operational electric railway | ||
160 | Volk's Railway between 1884 and 1980s | ||
100 | fourth rail
| Beaulieu | Beaulieu Monorail (National Motor Museum – Beaulieu Palace House)
| current fed by 2 contact wires | |
180 | See notes
| Germany | Siemens streetcar
| Current fed through the running rails | |
200 | rowspan="9" | third rail
| rowspan="2" | United Kingdom | Southend | Southend Pier Railway
| Until 1902{{cite web |title = Southend Pier Railway |url =http://www.greywall.demon.co.uk/rail/spr.html}} | |
rowspan="2" | 250 | Hythe, Hampshire | ||
United States | Chicago Tunnel Company
| Morgan Rack | ||
300 | Georgia | ||
400 | Germany | [http://www.salzbergwerk.de/en Berchtesgaden Salt Mine Railway] | |
440 | United Kingdom
| London | Post Office Railway
| Disused by post office since 2003{{cite web|url=http://www.mailrail.co.uk|title=Unofficial MailRail Website – Home|first=Colin|last=Karslake|website=www.mailrail.co.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}} Now small section near Mount Pleasant operated as tourist attraction with battery powered stock{{Cite web|url=https://www.postalmuseum.org/discover/attractions/mail-rail-ride/|title = Mail Rail}} | |
550 | Argentina | Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneos de Buenos Aires)
| Only Line B | |
625 | rowspan="2" |United States | New York City Subway | |
rowspan="2" | 630 | Philadelphia
| SEPTA Metro - M | ||
fourth rail
| rowspan="3" | United Kingdom | rowspan="2" | London | London Underground
| Supplied at +420 V and −210 V (630 V total). | ||
650 | See notes
| Euston to Watford DC Line | Third rail with fourth rail bonded to running rail | ||
660 | rowspan=5 | third rail | | Southern Railway & London & South Western Railway
| some areas up to 1939, original standard, mostly upgraded to 750 V (except for sections that operate with LUL stock). | |
700 | United States | Baltimore Metro SubwayLink | |
800 | Germany
| Berlin | Berlin S-Bahn
| discontinued, today 750 V | |
825 | North Korea | Pyongyang Metro
| uses old 750 V Berlin U-Bahn rolling stock | |
1000 | United States | Bay Area Rapid Transit |
== Side contact systems ==
All third rail unless otherwise stated.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | |||
style width=5% | Voltage
! style width=12% | Country ! style width=12% | Location ! style width=16% | Name of system ! style width=48% | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|
650 | Canada
| Vancouver | SkyTrain | Expo Line (1985) and Millennium Line (2006). Linear induction. | ||
850 | France | Martigny | |
1200 | Germany | Hamburg | Since 1940. Used both third rail DC (1200 V) and overhead line AC {{nowrap|(6.3 kV 25 Hz)}} until 1955. Also uses German standard {{nowrap|15 kV AC 16 2/3 Hz}} overhead electrification on the section between Neugraben and Stade on line S3, opened in December 2007. |
== Bottom contact systems ==
All third rail unless otherwise stated.
class="wikitable" style="width:auto" | ||||
Voltage | Country | Location | Name of system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:#fee"
| 550 | ||||
rowspan="2" | 700
| rowspan="2" | United States | New York | Hudson and Harlem Lines, southern part of New Haven Line. Original New York Central Railroad electrification scheme to Grand Central Terminal. | ||||
Philadelphia
| SEPTA Metro – L | Originally 600 V, raised to 700 V | ||||
rowspan="12" | 825
| Belarus | Minsk | FSU underground system standard, 825V substation output, 750V in rail on average | ||||
Bulgaria
| Sofia | Lines 1 and 2 | ||||
rowspan="7" | Russia
| Moscow | rowspan="7" | Nominal voltage: 825 V; allowed range: 550 V – 975 V{{cite web |url = http://static.scbist.com/scb/instr/ptemrf.pdf |title = Rules of technical operation of undergrounds of the Russian Federation (Правила технической эксплуатации метрополитенов Российской Федерации) |publisher = International Metro Association |language = ru |access-date = 2017-11-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131010111939/http://static.scbist.com/scb/instr/ptemrf.pdf |archive-date= 2013-10-10 }} | ||||
Saint Petersburg | Saint Petersburg Metro | |||
Kazan | Kazan Metro | |||
Nizhny Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod Metro | |||
Novosibirsk | Novosibirsk Metro | |||
Samara | Samara Metro | |||
Yekaterinburg | Yekaterinburg Metro | |||
rowspan="3" | Ukraine
| Kyiv | Kyiv Metro
| rowspan="3" | FSU underground systems share the same standard{{cite web |url = http://wiki.nashtransport.ru/images/1/1b/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%A1_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.djvu |title = Structures, devices and rolling stock of underground (Сооружения, устройства и подвижной состав метрополитена) |language = ru |access-date = 2017-11-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170919122238/http://wiki.nashtransport.ru/images/1/1b/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%A1_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.djvu |archive-date= 2017-09-19 }} | |||
Dnipro | Dnipro Metro | |||
Kharkiv | Kharkiv Metro | |||
rowspan="2" | 830
| rowspan="2" | Argentina | rowspan="2" | Buenos Aires | Retiro – José León Suárez | ||||
Once – Moreno | ||||
rowspan="2" | 850
| France | Villefranche | Often referred to as the "Yellow Train" | ||||
Austria
| Vienna | ||||
900 | Belgium
| Brussels |
=Conductor rail systems (AC voltage)=
All systems are 3-phase unless otherwise noted.
Special or unusual types
=DC, plough collection from conductors in conduit below track=
{{Main|Conduit current collection}}
- London County Council Tramways, later operated by London Transport
- streetcars in New York City (Manhattan), New York
- Washington, D.C. streetcars
- Panama Canal locks' ship handlers (called mules)
=DC, one ground-level conductor=
- Wolverhampton Corporation Tramways, England (stud contact) (1902–1921)
- Bordeaux Tramway, France (conductor rail)
- Sydney Light Rail (tramway)
=DC, two-wire=
- Greenwich, England. Previously used by trams when in the vicinity of Greenwich Observatory;{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} separate from trolleybus supply.
- Cincinnati,{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Ohio, US. Tram (streetcar) system used this arrangement throughout, probably due to legal constraints on ground return currents.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
- Havana and Guanabacoa,{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Cuba. Tram (streetcar) systems in both cities used this arrangement.
- Lisbon, Portugal. Elevador da Bica, Elevador da Glória and Elevador da Lavra.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
=DC, power from running rails=
- Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway (1881–1893), 180 V
- Ungerer Tramway (1886–1895)
- transportable railways as a ride for children
=DC, four-rail{{anchor|DC, four-rail}}=
{{^|This section is linked to on the page Railway_electrification_system where it discusses fourth rail. If you rename this section, please change that link or preserve the anchor name.}}
class="wikitable" style="width:100%" | ||||||
Voltage | Type | Contact system | Name of system | Location | Country | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rowspan="4" | 750
| rowspan="3" | Guide bars | Lateral to both guide bars (one guide connected to running rail) | Paris
| France | Rubber-tyred lines only | ||||
rowspan="2" | Lateral (positive) and top of running rails (negative) contact | Montreal
| Canada | Rubber-tyred lines | ||||
Mexico City Metro | Mexico City
| Mexico | Rubber-tyred lines | ||||
Third and fourth rail
| Lateral (positive) and top (negative) contact | Milan
| Italy | Metro (only line 1) | ||||
630 | Third and fourth rail
| Top contact | London Underground
| London | United Kingdom
| Transport for London{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tube/ |title=Tube | Transport for London |publisher=Transport for London|access-date=2013-04-22}} |
See also
{{Portal|rail}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system
- Conduit current collection
- Current collector
- Ground level power supply
- List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
- Railway electrification
- Railroad electrification in the United States
- Third rail
- Traction current pylon
{{div col end}}
Footnotes
{{Reflist|30em}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation |url=http://www.bsistandards.co.uk |last=BS EN 50163 |title=EN 50163: Railway applications. Supply voltages of traction systems |year=2007 |publisher=IET |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213151651/http://www.bsistandards.co.uk/ |archive-date=2007-02-13}}
- {{citation |url=http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/mysearchajax?Openform&key=60850&sorting=&start=1&onglet=1 |last=IEC 60850 |title=IEC 60850: Railway applications – Supply voltages of traction systems |edition=3rd |year=2007 }}
- {{RCTS-LocosLNER|10B}}
- {{cite book |last=Dixon |first=Frank |title=The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway |edition=2nd |series=The Oakwood Library of Railway History |year=1994 |orig-date=1973 |publisher=Oakwood Press |location=Headington |isbn=0-85361-454-7 |id=OL34}}
- {{cite book |publisher=McGraw-Hill Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BvW7ax1FAEC |title=McGraw Electric Railway Directory |date=August 1920 |ref={{harvid|McGraw-Hill|1920}} }}
- {{cite book |last=Schweers+Wall |title= Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz |year=2012 |publisher=Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH |isbn=978-3-89494-130-7 |id={{ASIN|3894941308|country=uk}}}}
- {{cite book |last=Swain |first=Alec |title=British Rail Fleet Survey 11: Overhead Line Electric Multiple-Units |year=1990 |publisher=Ian Allan |location=Shepperton |isbn=0-7110-1902-9}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [http://www.bahnstrom.de/bahnstromsysteme/weltweit.htm Electrification systems, track gauges and electrified track lengths in selected countries] (in German)
- [http://bueker.net/trainspotting/voltage_map_europe.php Map of European voltage systems]
- [http://extra.southernelectric.org.uk/features/historical-features/seginfohistory.html Southern Electric], England—details of 3rd rail electrification
{{Railway electrification}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of railway electrification systems}}